Download or read book Preparation and Verification of QUAD Uranium Isotopic Reference Material IRMM 3100a written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The isotopic reference material IRMM-3100a was prepared by gravimetrical dilution of IRMM-3101. The primary solution IRMM-3101 was designed such that the material consists of equivalent parts of four individual isotopes n(233U)/n(235U)/n(236U)/n(238U) with a ratio of one. The certified isotope amount ratio2 for ratio n(233U)/n(236U) has been established by mass metrology and was verified by isotope mass spectrometry. The certified ratios n(234U)/n(236U), n(235U)/n(236U) and n(238U)/n(236U) have been measured by TIMS in multi-dynamic mode and using the n(233U)/n(236U) ratio for internal normalization. The preparation of IRMM-3101 is in full described elsewhere. [1] The Isotopic Reference Material IRMM-3100a is part of a systematic IRMM programme to supply Isotopic Reference Materials of various isotopes at different concentrations. The Isotopic Reference Material is supplied in a quartz ampoule containing 0.5 mL of a 1 M nitric acid solution.

Download or read book Preparation and Certification of Uranium QUAD Isotopic Reference Materials IRMM 3100 and IRMM 3102 written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Isotopic reference material IRMM-3101 was prepared by mixing of solutions from highly enriched 99.96% 233U (IRMM-3630), 99.994% 235U (IRMM-3650), 99.97% 236U (IRMM-3660) and 99.99998% 238U (IRMM-3680) in order to obtain an isotopic ratio n(233U)/n(235U)/n(236U)/n(238U) close to unity. IRMM-3100 and IRMM-3102 were prepared from IRMM-3101 by gravimetrical dilution. The certified isotope amount ratio for ratio n(233U)/n(236U) has been established by mass metrology and was verified by isotope mass spectrometry. The methodology used in the preparation and certification was similar to that of comparable uranium mixtures made in the past. The certified ratios n(234U)/n(236U), (235U)/n(236U) and (238U)/n(236U) have been achieved by TIMS using the n(233U)/n(236U) as internal standard. Verification of the Quad isotopic reference material was performed on two independent TRITON by TIMS multidynamic measurements on Faraday collectors. The results agreed well with the certified values obtained from the mixing calculations. The Isotopic Reference Materials IRMM-3100, IRMM-3101 and IRMM-3102 are part of a systematic IRMM programme to supply Isotopic Reference Materials of various isotopes at different concentrations. The Isotopic Reference Material is supplied in a polyethylene ampoule containing 1 mL of a 1 M nitric acid solution.

Download or read book Preparation and Certification of the Uranium Oxide Micro Particle Reference Material IRMM 2331P written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the certification of IRMM-2331P, a uranium micro particle reference material. This certification project was a collaboration between the Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ), Germany, and the Joint Research Centre (JRC), Unit G.2 in Geel, Belgium. The reference material was produced in compliance with ISO/IEC 17034:2016 [1] and certified in accordance with ISO Guide 35:2006 [2]. Uncertainties of the certified values were estimated in compliance with ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008 (the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, GUM) [3]. In order to achieve "fit-for-purpose" isotope ratios for particle analysis, the base material IRMM-2330 was prepared by mixing of two uranium nitrate solutions, which were prepared by conversion of uranium hexafluoride (UF6) materials. Certification of the uranium isotopic composition for the base material IRMM-2330 was performed directly by Thermal Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) using the Modified Total Evaporation (MTE) method at JRC-G2, and the results were verified by TIMS/MTE measurements at the IAEA. The production of the uranium particles was performed at the FZJ using a dedicated method based on spray-pyrolysis of droplets generated with a vibrating orifice aerosol generator (VOAG). Verification measurements of the base solution and 'process control measurements' on dissolved uranium particles were performed at the FZJ via Multi Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) and the results agreed with the isotopic composition of the base solution IRMM-2330. This agreement permitted the certification of the isotopic composition for the particle reference material IRMM-2331P to be performed using the certified isotopic composition of the base material IRMM-2330. The reference material is intended for the calibration of instruments and methods, quality control purposes, and the assessment of method performance for isotope mass spectrometry on uranium particles. As with any certified reference material, it can also be used for validation studies. The following certified values and expanded uncertainties were assigned for isotope amount ratios, isotope amount fractions, isotope mass fractions, and molar mass for IRMM-2331P.

Download or read book Preparation and Certification of IRMM 3636 IRMM 3636a and IRMM 3636b written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Isotope reference materials IRMM-3636 was prepared by gravimetrically mixing of solutions from highly enriched 99.96% 233U (IRMM-3630) and highly enriched 99.97% 236U (IRMM-3660) in order to obtain an isotopic ratio n(233U)/n(236U) close to unity. IRMM-3636a and IRMM-3636b were prepared from IRMM-3636 by gravimetrical dilution. The primary solution, IRMM-3636 is for the time being not yet available for external users. The certified isotope content values for IRMM-3636a of 4.27988(54)Å"0-7 mol U per g of solution and for IRMM-3636b of 2.21802(61)Å"0-8 mol U per g of solution and the certified isotope amount ratios have been established by mass metrology, subsequently the primary solution IRMM-3636 was verified by isotope mass spectrometry. The methodology used in the preparation and certification was similar to that of comparable uranium mixtures made in the past. The uncertainties contributing to the final uncertainties of the isotopic ratios are the weighing errors, the measured impurities in each starting material, the stoichiometry of the oxides and the isotopic abundances of each of the starting materials. The method for the preparation and mixing is described and the certification and verification procedures are reported. Verification of IRMM-3636 was performed by TRITON TIMS measurements using Faraday collectors and secondary electron multiplier in combination with an RPQ energy filter for improved abundance sensitivity. The results agreed well with the certified values obtained from the mixing calculations. By mixing the n(233U)/n(236U) double spike with a sample and applying internal mass fractionation correction, the n(235U)/n(238U) ratio of a given sample can be determined with the highest possible accuracy. The Isotopic Reference Materials IRMM-3636a and IRMM-3636b are part of a systematic IRMM programme to supply Isotopic Reference Materials of various isotopes at different concentrations The Isotopic Reference Material is supplied in a sealed quartz ampoule containing 1 mL of a 1 M nitric acid solution

Download or read book Preparation and Certification of Highly Enriched Uranium Nitrate Solutions IRMM 3000 Series written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Directorate G "Nuclear Safety and Security", Unit G.2 "Standards for Nuclear Safety, Security and Safeguards" (SN3S) at the European Commission's Joint Research Centre, Geel in Belgium (formerly known as the "Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements" (IRMM)), provides a wide range of nuclear Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) to the safeguards authorities and the nuclear industry. This is an obligation under the Euratom treaty, where the need for isotope standards is explicitly mentioned, acknowledging their importance for the measurements of nuclear materials. For accurate mass spectrometric measurements in nuclear material accountancy and nuclear safeguards, suitable CRMs are needed to validate measurement procedures and to calibrate instruments. In particular, for mass spectrometry, CRMs are needed which have been prepared and characterized using procedures which are independent on mass spectrometric techniques as much as possible. One possible way to achieve this, is to use highly isotopically enriched starting materials and mix them under gravimetrical control in the correct proportions to achieve given targets for the isotope ratios. This procedure has been applied for the preparation of uranium and plutonium isotope CRMs for many years by several institutions, like NIST, NBL and IRMM/JRC-Geel. In the 1980s, the IRMM-072 series [7] of isotope mixtures containing 233U, 235U and 238U in various proportions was prepared based on this approach/method. About 20 years later, the isotope mixing program was restarted, and several further isotope CRMs were prepared and certified: the IRMM-074 [4] and IRMM-075 series [5], and the IRMM-3636a double spike [6]. In 2009, the IRMM-3000 series was prepared. It consists of a set of five highly enriched uranium nitrate solution reference materials named IRMM-3020, IRMM-3035, IRMM-3050, IRMM-3075 and IRMM-3090 with 235U enrichments varying from 20 % to 90 %. The solutions were prepared by dissolving uranium oxide (U3O8) materials, which were prepared by gravimetrically mixing oxides that are highly enriched in 235U and 238U. However, the verification measurements by TIMS showed some significant differences from the calculations based on the gravimetrical preparation. It was suspected that incomplete impurity analyses of the 238U starting material could be the cause for most of the differences, but this could not be confirmed at that time. Recently, the certification project for the IRMM-3000 series was restarted, including new mass spectrometric analyses of the isotope ratios performed at several laboratories and new impurity analysis for the 238U starting material.

Download or read book Preparation and Certification of the Uranium Nitrate Solution Series IRMM 2019 2029 written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the certification of the IRMM-2019-2029 series of uranium nitrate solution reference materials and the revision of the uranium hexafluoride (UF6) reference materials series IRMM-019-029, both certified for the uranium isotopic composition. The certified values and their uncertainties were assigned following ISO 17034 [1], ISO Guide 35 [2] and the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement [3]. The IRMM-019-029 series of eleven uranium hexafluoride (UF6) reference materials was originally produced and certified in the 1980's-1990's. For the first re-certification performed in 2014, the UF6 materials were converted into eleven uranium nitrate solutions to perform the homogeneity and characterisation studies. These materials were characterised in compliance with ISO 17034 [1] by Thermal Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (TIMS), by taking advantage of newly established measurement procedures such as the Modified Total Evaporation (MTE) and Double Spike (DS) methods, and using a new set of certified uranium isotope reference materials, which were prepared by gravimetrical mixing of highly enriched 233U, 235U, 236U and 238U oxides or solutions. The results of the characterisation measurements were also confirmed by Gas Source Mass Spectrometry (GSMS) measurements using the original UF6 gases [4, 5]. For the certification of the isotopic composition of the IRMM-2019-2029 series each of the remaining uranium nitrate solutions used for the certification of IRMM-019-029 was diluted using one molar nitric acid to a concentration of about 2 mg uranium per g solution and dispensed into cleaned screw-cap quartz ampoules. Each ampoule contains 5 ml of solution. Subsequently "process control measurements" (PCM) by TIMS using the MTE and DS methods were performed for three ampoules for each of the reference materials. The results for the isotopic composition from the process control measurements on these uranium nitrate solutions agreed well with the certified values for IRMM-019-029 series of UF6 materials. Therefore no separate new characterisation and homogeneity studies were performed, and the certified values for IRMM-019-029 were assigned as well to the uranium solution reference material series IRMM-2019-2029. Moreover, certified values for both the IRMM-019-029 series of UF6 reference materials and the IRMM-2019-2029 series of uranium nitrate solution reference materials were established using new published values for the atomic masses and applying a 2-digit rounding rule. The materials are intended for the calibration of instruments, methods, quality control purposes, and the assessment of method performance for isotope mass spectrometry. As with any certified reference material, they can also be used for validation studies.

Download or read book Preparation and Certification IRMM 3660 IRMM 3660a and IRMM 3660b written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Isotope reference materials IRMM-3660 was prepared by dissolution of highly enriched 99.97% 236U in nitric acid. IRMM-3660a and IRMM-3660b were prepared from IRMM-3660 by gravimetrical dilution. The certified isotope content values for IRMM-3660 of 4.23651(43)·10-6 mol U per g of solution, IRMM-3660a of 4.22498(44)·10-7 mol U per g of solution and for IRMM-3660b of 4.2655(11)·10-8 mol U per g of solution have been established by mass metrology. The methodology used in the preparation and certification was similar to that of comparable uranium reference materials made in the past. The certified amount ratios were established by a TRITON TIMS using Faraday collectors and a secondary electron multiplier in combination with an RPQ energy filter for improved abundance sensitivity. Verification of the isotope amount content of IRMM-3660 was performed by IDMS using the TRITON TIMS. The uncertainties contributing to the final uncertainties of the isotopic ratios are the weighing errors, the measured impurities in the starting material, the stoichiometry of the oxide and the isotopic abundances of the primary base materials. The method for the preparation is described and the certification procedure is reported. The Isotopic Reference Materials IRMM-3660, IRMM-3660a and IRMM-3660b are part of a systematic IRMM programme to supply Isotopic Reference Materials of various isotopes at different concentrations. The Isotopic Reference Material is supplied in a sealed quartz ampoule containing 1 mL of a 1 M nitric acid solution.

Download or read book Preparation and Certification of the Isotopic Reference Material IRMM 049d written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A highly enriched 242Pu Isotopic Reference Material (IRMM-049d) has been prepared and certified for the 242Pu isotope amount content. The certified value of 3.666 8(18) ×10-7 mol 242Pu per g of solution was established by Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry (IDMS). The plutonium isotopic composition was determined by Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) and calibration of these measurements by means of synthetic mixtures. The IRMM-049d Isotopic Reference Material is supplied in a glass ampoule with a screw cap seals containing about 10 mL of 5 mol L-1 nitric acid with plutonium. The content of each ampoule is approximately 1 mg 242Pu. This Isotopic Reference Material is the product of a systematic IRMM programme to supply Isotopic Reference Materials of various isotopes at different concentrations.

Download or read book Preparation and Certification of the Uranium Oxide Micro Particles IRMM 2329P written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the certification of the IRMM-2329P, a uranium micro particle reference material. This certification project was a collaboration between the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA-SGAS, Austria), the Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH (FZJ, Germany) and the Joint Research Centre (JRC-Geel, Unit G.2). The material was produced in compliance with ISO/IEC 17034:2016 [1] and certified in accordance with ISO Guide 35:2006 [2]. Between-unit homogeneity was quantified and stability during dispatch and storage were investigated in accordance with ISO Guide 35:2006 [2]. Uncertainties of the certified values were estimated in compliance with ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008 (the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, GUM) [3]. In order to achieve "fit for purpose" isotope ratios for particle analysis, the base material IRMM-2329 was prepared by mixing of two uranium nitrate solutions, which were prepared by hydrolysis and nitration of uranium hexafluoride (UF6) CRM's. Certification of the uranium isotopic composition was done by Thermal Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) using the Modified Total Evaporation (MTE) method. Production of the uranium particles was done at the FZJ using a dedicated method based on spray-pyrolysis of droplets generated with a vibrating orifice aerosol generator (VOAG).Verification measurements of the base solution and 'process control measurements' on the uranium particles were performed at the IAEA-SGAS via Multi Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (MC-ICPMS). In addition to the isotopic composition, the uranium amount and mass per particle is certified by Isotope Dilution Thermal Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (ID-TIMS) and confirmed by ID-MC-ICPMS performed at IAEA-SGAS. Moreover, the certified values were established using new published values for the atomic masses and applying a 2-digit rounding rule. The materials are intended for the calibration of instruments and methods, quality control purposes, and the assessment of method performance for isotope mass spectrometry on uranium particles. As with any certified reference material, they can also be used for validation studies.

Download or read book Preparation and Certification of IRMM 081a and IRMM 086 Spike Isotopic Reference Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highly enriched 239Pu Spike Isotopic Reference Materials (IRMM-086 and IRMM-081a) have been prepared at IRMM The certified values for IRMM-086 of 3.752 4(22).10-6 mol 239Pu per g of solution and for IRMM-081a of 3.745 8(26).10-7 mol 239Pu per g of solution have been established by mass metrology and subsequently verified by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. The plutonium isotopic composition has been determined by thermal ionisation mass spectrometry and calibration of these measurements by means of synthetic mixtures. The Isotopic Reference Material is supplied in a sealed glass ampoule containing 5 mL g of a 5 M nitric acid solution. These Isotopic Reference Materials are part of a systematic IRMM programme to supply Spike Isotopic Reference Materials of various isotopes at different concentrations.

Download or read book Advances in Lithium Isotope Geochemistry written by Paul Tomascak and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-01 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work summarizes the historical progression of the field of lithium (Li) isotope studies and provides a comprehensive yet succinct overview of the research applications toward which they have been directed. In synthesizing the historical and current research, the volume also suggests prospective future directions of study. Not even a full decade has passed since the publication of a broadly inclusive summary of Li isotope research around the globe (Tomascak, 2004). In this short time, the use of this isotope system in the investigation of geo- and cosmochemical questions has increased dramatically, due, in part, to the advent of new analytical technology at the end of the last millennium. Lithium, as a light element that forms low-charge, moderate-sized ions, manifests a number of chemical properties that make its stable isotope system useful in a wide array of geo- and cosmochemical research fields.

Download or read book Food Analysis Laboratory Manual written by S. Suzanne Nielsen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-20 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition laboratory manual was written to accompany Food Analysis, Fourth Edition, ISBN 978-1-4419-1477-4, by the same author. The 21 laboratory exercises in the manual cover 20 of the 32 chapters in the textbook. Many of the laboratory exercises have multiple sections to cover several methods of analysis for a particular food component of characteristic. Most of the laboratory exercises include the following: introduction, reading assignment, objective, principle of method, chemicals, reagents, precautions and waste disposal, supplies, equipment, procedure, data and calculations, questions, and references. This laboratory manual is ideal for the laboratory portion of undergraduate courses in food analysis.

Download or read book Handbook of Environmental Isotope Geochemistry written by Mark Baskaran and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-13 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of radioactive and stable isotopes have revolutionized our understanding of the Earth and near-earth surface processes. The utility of the isotopes are ever-increasing and our sole focus is to bring out the applications of these isotopes as tracers and chronometers to a wider audience so that they can be used as powerful tools to solve environmental problems. New developments in this field remain mostly in peer-reviewed journal articles and hence our goal is to synthesize these findings for easy reference for students, faculty, regulators in governmental and non-governmental agencies, and environmental companies. While this volume maintains its rigor in terms of its depth of knowledge and quantitative information, it contains the breadth needed for wide variety problems and applications in the environmental sciences. This volume presents all of the newer and older applications of isotopes pertaining to the environmental problems in one place that is readily accessible to readers. This book not only has the depth and rigor that is needed for academia, but it has the breadth and case studies to illustrate the utility of the isotopes in a wide variety of environments (atmosphere, oceans, lakes, rivers and streams, terrestrial environments, and sub-surface environments) and serves a large audience, from students and researchers, regulators in federal, state and local governments, and environmental companies.

Download or read book PET Chemistry written by P.A. Schubiger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-19 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Personalized medicine employing patient-based tailor-made therapeutic drugs is taking over treatment paradigms in a variety of ?elds in oncology and the central nervous system. The success of such therapies is mainly dependent on ef?cacious therapeutic drugs and a selective imaging probe for identi?cation of potential responders as well as therapy monitoring for an early bene?t assessment. Molecular imaging (MI) is based on the selective and speci?c interaction of a molecular probe with a biological target which is visualized through nuclear, magnetic resonance, near infrared or other methods. Therefore it is the method of choice for patient selection and therapy monitoring as well as for speci?c e- point monitoring in modern drug development. PET (positron emitting tomography), a nuclear medical imaging modality, is ideally suited to produce three-dimensional images of various targets or processes. The rapidly increasing demand for highly selective probes for MI strongly pushes the development of new PET tracers and PET chemistry. ‘PET chemistry’ can be de?ned as the study of positron-emitting compounds regarding their synthesis, structure, composition, reactivity, nuclear properties and processes and their properties in natural and - natural environments. In practice PET chemistry is strongly in?uenced by the unique properties of the radioisotopes used (e. g. , half-life, che- cal reactivity, etc. ) and integrates scienti?c aspects of nuclear-, organic-, inorganic- and biochemistry.

Download or read book Chemistry of Organophosphorus Compounds written by A. N. Pudovik and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Low Temperature Geochemistry written by Tu Guangzhi and published by VSP. This book was released on 1996-12 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-temperature geochemistry -- a 'hot topic' in geochemistry at present -- deals with geological and chemical processes and the geochemical evolution of elements in nature below 200C, including the geochemical behaviour of elements in the processes of their extraction, remobilization, transport and mineralization at room temperature and below 0C. This book focuses on the low-temperature geochemical behaviour of precious metals, REE, some individual dispersed elements and some non-metallic elements and their minergenesis at low-temperatures. The book deals with the following topics: 1) geochemistry of selected low-temperature deposits or prospects (horizons); 2) geochemistry of elements during diagenesis, buried metamorphism and low-grade metamorphism; 3) remobilization, transport and precipitation of some ore-forming elements under low-temperature conditions; 4) water/rock interactions in low-temperature open systems

Download or read book Introduction to the Chemical Analysis of Foods written by S. Suzanne Nielsen and published by Aspen Publishers. This book was released on 1994 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: