Download or read book Preparation and Characterization of Formaldehyde Free Wood Adhesives Lignin Extracted from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch written by Abbas Hasan Faris and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Preparation and Characterization of Formaldehyde Free Wood Adhesives from Oil Palm Elaeis guineensis Fronds Lignin Penerbit USM written by Mohd. Hazwan Hussin and published by Penerbit USM. This book was released on with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phenol formaldehyde (PF) is one of the widely used wood adhesives in the wood industry. The raw materials in the production of phenol formaldehyde resin are petroleum-derived and formaldehyde-based materials which corresponds to public health issues, environmental problems and non-economical costing. In recent years, the increasing price of petrochemical due to energy shortage and environmental problems such as global warming and climate change as results from the burning of fossil fuels have been brought to great public attention. Public health issues related to the emission of formaldehyde-based adhesives in most buildings and constructions, have also been given notice. Thus, lignin phenol glyoxal (LPG) wood adhesives have been formulated by partially replacing phenol with Kraft and organosolv lignins at varying weight percentages. Results showed that 50 % organosolv LPG (OLPG) resin may cure as a stronger, natural, green, cost-effective and sustainable wood adhesive to replace PF resin in the wood industry.

Download or read book Preparation and Characterization of Formaldehyde free Wood Adhesives from Oil Palm Elaeis Guineensis Fronds Lignin written by Mohd. Hazwan Hussin and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bio based Wood Adhesives written by Zhongqi He and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-05-25 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adhesive bonding plays an increasing role in the forest product industry and is a key factor for efficiently utilizing timber and other lignocellulosic resources. As synthetic wood adhesives are mostly derived from depleting petrochemical resources and have caused increasing environmental concern, natural product and byproduct-derived adhesives have attracted much attention in the last decades. Although adhesives made from plant and animal sources have been in existence since ancient times, increased knowledge of their chemistry and improved technical formulation of their preparation are still needed to promote their broader industrial applications. The primary goals of this book are to (1) synthesize the fundamental knowledge and latest research on bio-based adhesives from a remarkable range of natural products and byproducts, (2) identify need areas and provide directions of future bio-based adhesive research, and (3) help integrating research findings in practical adhesive application for maximal benefits. This book covers information on a variety of natural products and byproducts and the latest research on formulation, testing and improvement of the relevant adhesives in fifteen chapters written by an international group of accomplished contributors. This book will serve as a valuable reference source for university faculty, graduate students, research scientists, agricultural and wood engineers, international organization advocators and government agency regulators who work and deal with enhanced utilization of agricultural and forest products and byproducts.

Download or read book Formaldehyde free Wood Adhesives from Soybean Protein and Lignin written by Yuan Liu and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presently, the production of wood composites relies on the formaldehyde-based wood adhesives such as phenol-formaldehyde (PF) and urea-formaldehyde (UF). However, their dependence on exhaustible fossil fuels and the emission of carcinogenic formaldehyde prompt to develop an environmentally friendly adhesive from renewable natural resources. This work focuses on development and characterization of forma1dehydefree wood adhesives from renewable soybean protein and lignin. Soybean protein is an abundant, inexpensive, and readily available natural product. Soybean protein-based adhesives were widely used as wood adhesives in 1930s-1960s and are completely replaced by synthetic formaldehyde-based adhesives today because wood composites bonded with soybean protein-based adhesives have relatively lower strength and lower water resistance than those bonded with formaldehyde-based adhesives. Marine adhesive protein from mussels is a strong and water-resistant adhesive. However, the production of marine adhesive protein is difficult and costly. The marine adhesive protein contains three key functional groups: a catechol moiety, a primary amino group, and a mercapto group. In this research, soybean protein was modified using marine adhesive protein as a model. We found that imparting soybean protein with one of the three key functional groups found in the marine adhesive protein converted soybean protein into a strong and water-resistant wood adhesive. Another formaldehyde-free new wood adhesive was also developed through modification of soybean protein with maleic anhydride followed by mixing with polyethylenimine (PEI). Wood composites bonded with this new adhesive were very strong and very water-resistant. The reaction mechanisms in the modification of soybean protein with maleic anhydride and the curing mechanisms of the adhesive were investigated in detail. Demethylated kraft lignin (DKL) has a high amount of the same key functional group, catechol moiety, as the marine adhesive protein. We found that a combination of DKL and PEI (a polyamine with abundant primary amino groups) was a strong and water-resistant wood adhesive. It was found that the curing mechanism of the DKL-PEI adhesive is similar to that of marine adhesive protein. The effects of DKL/PEI weight ratio, hot-press conditions and the molecular weight of PEI on adhesive performance were also investigated in detail.

Download or read book Eco Friendly Adhesives for Wood and Natural Fiber Composites written by Mohammad Jawaid and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-21 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of eco-friendly resins and their composite materials covering their synthesis, sources, structures and properties for different industrial applications to support the ongoing research and development in eco-friendly and renewable commercial products. It provides comparative discussions on the properties of eco-friendly resins with other polymer composites. It is a useful reference on bio-based eco-friendly polymer resins, wood-based composites, natural fibers and biomass materials for the polymer scientists, engineers and material scientists.

Download or read book Natural Polyphenols from Wood written by Kun Cheng and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-03-24 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural Polyphenols from Wood: Tannin and Lignin – An Industrial Perspective is a detailed guide to the sourcing and processing of tannin and lignin for valuable advanced applications across areas such as fuels, chemicals, drugs, and food. Drawing on the latest academic research and patent literature, this book provides strong practical understanding of the use of these valuable materials in novel industrial applications. This book introduces natural polyphenols from wood and the fundamental aspects of carbon management within the tree. In-depth presentation of extraction and characterization methods is followed by an extensive coverage of practical and industrial applications of wood polyphenols. This is an essential resource for researchers and advanced students working with lignin or tannin, and across biopolymer science, biomass, wood chemistry, paper, wood adhesives, polymer materials, renewable resources, and biotechnology. It also supports industrial R&D and scientists working with wood polyphenols or bio-based polymers. This book re-evaluates wood polyphenols from an industrial perspective, revealing the latest techniques and drawing on patent literature. It addresses fundamental issues of wood polyphenols, such as carbon cycle, wood fractionation, structure, and properties. It offers a comprehensive review of practical applications, including lignin depolymerization, wood reconstruction, fuels, chemicals, drugs, and food.

Download or read book Wood Adhesives written by A. Pizzi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The perfect companion to the highly acclaimed Volume 1 of Wood Adhesives,Volume 2 presents stimulating discussions on technically and economically importantadhesives for wood bonding-covering their preparation and formulation, as well astechniques and suggestions for their application.Like its companion book, Wood Adhesives, Volume 2 provides up-to-date informationand analysis of new technologies and recent breakthroughs ... gives insightinto the relationship between adhesive chemistry and technical application . . . anddiscusses present and future trends likely to have considerable impact on the field.Elaborating upon general overviews presented in Volume 1, Wood Adhesives,Volume 2 includes a chapter on protein adhesives ... fills the gap on the chemistryof polyvinyl acetate wood adhesives ... contains a detailed discussion of formaldehydeemission ... and much more.A complementary and much needed follow-up to Volume 1, Wood Adhesives,Volume 2 is essential reading for wood technologists; adhesives and physicalchemists; forest products researchers; polymer scientists; chemical, mechanical, process,and civil engineers who must choose and apply wood adhesives; and advancedundergraduate and graduate students in the above disciplines.

Download or read book Adhesives for Wood and Lignocellulosic Materials written by R. N. Kumar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-07-17 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a comprehensive treatment of the subject covering a wide range of subjects uniquely available in a single source for the first time. A material science approach has been adopted in dealing with wood adhesion and adhesives. The approach of the authors was to bring out hierarchical cellular and porous characteristics of wood with polymeric cell wall structure, along with the associated non-cell wall extractives, which greatly influence the interaction of wood substrate with polymeric adhesives in a very unique manner not existent in the case of other adherends. Environmental aspects, in particular formaldehyde emission from adhesive bonded wood products, has been included. A significant feature of the book is the inclusion of polymeric matrix materials for wood polymer composites.

Download or read book Handbook on Coal Lignin Wood and Rosin Processing written by Dr. H. Panda and published by NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES. This book was released on 2016-03-19 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal is one of the world's most plentiful energy resources. Coal is one of the fastest growing forms of energy after renewable sources and its share in the global primary energy consumption increasing rapidly. Lignin is the most abundant natural raw material available on Earth in terms of solar energy storage. Lignin is a complex chemical compound, cross linked polymer that forms a large molecular structure. Lignin can be used as a green alternative to many petroleum-derived substances, such as fuels, resins, rubber additives, thermoplastic blends and pharmaceuticals. Rosin is a complex mixture of mainly resin acids and small amount of non-acidic components. Energy markets are evolving with technological advancements supporting rapid growth in renewable energy capacity. The coal market is set to witness great boost in near future because of the rising government initiatives. Coal is one of the main power generation sources all over the world. The factors that are favoring the market growth include rising electricity demand and rapid industrialization. Presently the global coal industry market is valued at $9.4 with CAGR of 11.21 % is poised to reach $22 billion in coming years. Asia Pacific has the larger demand and emerging as a larger supplier of Coal. The present global lignin market demand is estimated at $ 4,222.1 million and is expected to reach $6,190.5 million in future. The Major contents of the book are coal, analysis of coal and coke, cotton, lignin and hemicelluloses, degradation of wood, CCA-treated wood, wood-polymer composites, lignocellulosic-plastic composites from recycled materials, chemical modification of wood fiber, delignification of wood with pernitric acid, rosin and rosin derivatives, polymerizable half esters of rosin. It describes the manufacturing processes and photographs of plant & machinery with supplier’s contact details. It will be a standard reference book for professionals, entrepreneurs, those studying and researching in this important area and others interested in the field of these industries. TAGS Biodegradation of Cellulose, Biodegradation of Hemicellulose, Biodegradation of Lignin, Business guidance for coal and lignin processing, Business guidance for Wood and Rosin processing, Business guidance to clients, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business start-up, Chemical Composition of Rosin, Chemical modification of wood fiber, Coal and Lignin Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Coal and Lignin Processing Based Profitable Projects, Coal and Lignin processing Business, Coal and Lignin Processing Industry in India, Coal and Lignin Processing Projects, Coal Preparation Technology, Coal processing plant, Coal processing plant business plan, Coal Processing, Commercial uses of lignin, Composition of Wood Plastic Composites, Degradation of Wood, Delignification of Wood with Pernitric Acid, Extraction and characterization of lignin, Great Opportunity for Startup, How Rosin Is Made, How to Start a Coal and Lignin Business?, How to start a successful Coal and Lignin business, How to start a successful Wood and Rosin business, How to Start a Wood and Rosin Business?, How to Start Coal and Lignin Processing Industry in India, How to Start Coal and Lignin Production Business, How to Start Wood and Rosin Processing Industry in India, How to Start Wood and Rosin Production Business, Lignin and its uses, Lignin degradation, Lignin Processing, Lignin Structure and Applications, Lignocellulosic Plastic Composites from Recycled Materials, Lignocellulosic plastics Composites, Most Profitable Coal and Lignin Processing Business Ideas, Most Profitable Wood and Rosin Processing Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Coal and Lignin processing industry, New small scale ideas in Wood and Rosin processing industry, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Wood Polymer Composites, Preparation of Project Profiles, Process technology books, Profitable Small Scale Coal and Lignin Manufacturing, Profitable Small Scale Wood and Rosin Manufacturing, Project for startups, Project identification and selection, Rosin and rosin derivatives, Rosin Derivatives, Rosin Processing, Rosin processing plant, Setting up and opening your Coal and Lignin Business, Setting up and opening your Wood and Rosin Business, Small Scale Coal and Lignin Processing Projects, Small scale Coal and Lignin production line, Small Scale Wood and Rosin in Processing Projects, Small scale Wood and Rosin production line, Small Start-up Business Project, Start Up India, Stand Up India, Starting a Coal and Lignin Processing Business, Starting a Wood and Rosin Processing Business, Startup, Start-up Business Plan for Coal and Lignin processing, Start-up Business Plan for Wood and Rosin processing, Startup ideas, Startup Project, Startup Project for Coal and Lignin processing, Startup Project for Wood and Rosin processing, Startup project plan, Technology book on coal, lignin, wood and rosin processing, Wood and Rosin Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Wood and Rosin Processing Based Profitable Projects, Wood and Rosin processing Business, Wood and Rosin Processing Industry in India, Wood and Rosin Processing Projects, Wood degradation, Wood Processing, Wood-polymer composite

Download or read book Advanced Wood Adhesives Technology written by A. Pizzi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-08-10 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work discusses the latest innovations in the manufacture of wood adhesives, and shows how to test their composition. Methods of varying parameters to obtain particular effects are explained, and background summaries of each class of adhesives are provided.

Download or read book Physico chemical and Structural Characterization of Alkali Soluble Lignins from Oil Palm Trunk and Empty Fruit Bunch Fibres written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Conversion of Lignin into Bio Based Chemicals and Materials written by Chunbao Xu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-05 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an overview of various types of lignin and their unique structures and properties, as well as utilizations of crude or modified technical lignin for high-value bioproducts such as lignin-based PF resins/adhesives, epoxy resins, PF foams, PU foams, rubber reinforcement and carbon fibers and as dispersants in drilling fluids in the oil and gas industry. It subsequently discusses various thermal/chemical modification techniques (pyrolysis, direct liquefaction and de-polymerization) for converting lignin into oils and chemical feedstocks, and the utilization of crude lignin, lignin-derived oils or depolymerized lignins (DLs) of reduced molecular weights and improved reactivity to produce lignin-based PF resins/adhesives, PF/PU foams and epoxy resins. The book will interest and benefit a broad readership (graduate students, academic researchers, industrial researchers and practitioners) in various fields of science and technology (chemical engineering, biotechnology, chemistry, material science, forestry, etc.). Chunbao (Charles) Xu, PhD, is currently a Professor of Chemical Engineering and NSERC/FPInnovations Industrial Research Chair in Forest Biorefinery at the University of Western Ontario, Canada. Fatemeh Ferdosian, PhD, is currently a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Waterloo, Canada.

Download or read book Isolation of Lignin from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch OPEFB by Using Organosolv Method written by Nor Nadiah Mohamad and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research focus on the isolation of lignin component from lignocellulosic biomass of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) using the organosolv method. Lignin has a unique structure where it consist of varies aromatic compound in their polymeric chain lignin that capable to copolymerize alternative units that derive from incomplete monolignol biosynthesis in plants. Nowadays, trending in lignin research was to focus the integration into lignin polymer and also improve the lignin degradation. Among the pretreatment methods to isolate lignin from its lignocellulosic biomass, the organosolv method process is the promising pretreatment method for biorefinery approach. Common organosolv methods consist of cooking lignocellulosic biomass in aqueous ethanol solvent at high temperature and carry out in a pressurized reactor. However, in this study, modification on organosolv method has been made where this reaction was carry out by refluxing at ambient pressure and lower temperature. Two parameters have been studied during the process: i) Extraction times (4-8 hour) ii) Ethanol concentrations (65-75% vol.). From the results, extraction time and ethanol concentration gives large effects to delignification. While delignification is decreased by lower extraction time and higher solvent concentration, pulp yield increased and thus decreased the yield of lignin. Extension of time leads to a decrease of the pulp yield and increase the lignin yield. For overall ethanol concentration, it can be shown that there is no significant effect in their trend. Mostly, the highest lignin yield was recorded at extraction time of 8 hour with 6.73% lignin yield (65% ethanol vol.), 8.91% lignin yield (70% ethanol vol.). However, for 75% ethanol vol., the highest was at 6 hour with 5.44% lignin yield. For solvent concentration effect, overall maximum lignin yield was observed at 70% ethanol. The highest lignin yield isolated at maximum extraction time (8 hour) was at 70% ethanol concentration with 8.91% lignin yield followed by 65% with 6.73% and 75% at 4.66% only. From this trend, it can be shown that a further increase ethanol concentration at 70% vol. reduces the lignin yield. Solvent concentration and extraction time gives an intense impact to this process as these parameters able to lead to much economical process condition to isolate high yield of lignin.

Download or read book Potential for Enzymatic Lignin based Adhesives State of the Art Review written by Canada. Forestry Canada and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this report is to focus on the use of lignins as wood adhesives, giving an overview of the many approaches used to utilize pulp in lignins as adhesives and to provide a perspective on the potential for enzymatic lignin-based adhesives as produced through steam explosion or organosolv processes. It covers the historical development of adhesives based on spent sulphite lignins and the present status of such lignin adhesives; considers some reference to recent bonding work with biomass lignin; discusses application and property requirements of adhesives needed for the production of various wood composites; and presents some future prospects for lignins in relation to newer technology and research areas where further activities would be beneficial.

Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Functional Lignins written by Jennifer Dietz and published by Apprimus Wissenschaftsverlag. This book was released on 2015-12-02 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents novel pathways for one step or two step modifications of different types of lignin without the need of any catalyst. Such novel functional lignins were characterized in detail and are now ready for their utilization in novel polymeric materials and thus for new applications. Hereby the value of lignin can be increased by offering novel strategies of incorporating lignins as building block into polyurethanes, but also various other polymer matrices are thinkable for future studies.

Download or read book Biodegradationof Lignin in Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch EFB Using Igninolytic Fungi written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: