Download or read book Predictors of Smoking Cessation Among Dental Patients Participating in a Web assisted Tobacco Intervention written by Midge Noel Ray and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nicotine addiction is a chronic and relapsing disease that has serious health consequences. Tobacco continues to be the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. In 2010, approximately 58.3 million Americans were identified as cigarette smokers. This study was part of the Hygienists' Internet Tobacco Cessation Study (Hi Quit), a randomized controlled trial that employed a web-assisted tobacco intervention (WATI) called Decide2Quit to assist smokers in quitting. Smokers (N=258) were enrolled in the study by dental practices (N=100) that referred patients who smoke to the website. The control group had access to the Decide2Quit (D2Q) website tools including resources pertaining to health risks, nicotine replacement therapy, how to talk with the provider, and additional web resources. In addition to having access to the same D2Q tools, the intervention group could asynchronously interact with an online tobacco treatment specialist (TTS). The overall purpose of this current investigation was to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention group compared to the control group of Decide2Quit and (2) identify factors associated with quitting. Variables that demonstrated independent association with 30-day point prevalence smoking abstinence were examined using logistic regression models. The independent variables of interest included demographic factors, facilitators of quitting, and perceived receipt of tobacco cessation assistance from the dental practice. Using intent to treat analysis, we found no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in the 30-day point prevalence tobacco abstinence at six months follow up. A higher proportion of male than female smokers quit (18% vs. 8%; p = 0.02). The 30-day point prevalence tobacco abstinence did not differ significantly by age, education, race, facilitators to quitting, nor receipt of tobacco cessation services. Only male sex was significantly associated with quitting in three of the four models. Additionally, smoking less than 10 cigarettes per day was associated with quitting in two of the models. Additional investigations should be conducted to measure the components of the WATI that are effective in assisting smokers with quitting. Further, we should explore better methods to encourage smokers to actively utilize the online, smoking cessation tools, such as interacting with the TTS.

Download or read book Tobacco and the Clinician written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Social Media Analytics of Smoking Cessation Intervention written by Mi Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tobacco use causes a large number of diseases and deaths in the United States. Traditional intervention programs are based on face-to-face consulting, and social support is offered to help smoking quitters control stress and achieve better intervention outcomes. However, the scalability of these traditional intervention programs is limited by time and location. With the development of Web 2.0, many intervention programs of smoking cessation are developed online to reach a wider population. QuitNet is a popular website for smoking cessation that provides different services to help users quit smoking. It builds communities on different social media for people to discuss issues of smoking cessation and provide social support for each other. In this dissertation, we develop a comprehensive study to understand user behavior and their discussion interactions in online communities of smoking cessation. We compare user features and behaviors on different social media channels, analyze user interactions from the perspective of social support exchange, and apply data mining techniques to analyze discussion content and recommend threads for users. Health communities are developed on different types of social media. For example, QuitNet has Web forums on its own Web site while it also has its appearance on Facebook. The user participation may vary on different social media platforms. Users may also behave differently depending on the functions and design of the social media platforms. So, as the first step in this dissertation, we carry out a preliminary study to compare smoking cessation communities on different social media channels. We analyze user characteristics and behaviors in QuitNet Forum and QuitNet Facebook with statistical analysis and social network analysis. It is found that most users of QuitNet Forum are early smoking quitters, and they participate in discussions more actively than users of QuitNet Facebook. However, users of QuitNet Facebook have a wider spectrum of quitting statuses and interaction behaviors. Second, we are interested in user behaviors and how they exchange social support in online communities. Social support is "an exchange of resources between two individuals perceived by the provider or the recipient to be intended to enhance the well-being of the recipient". As QuitNet Forum attracts much more active users than QuitNet Facebook, it provides a better platform for our research purpose. So, we focus on QuitNet Forum, developing a classification scheme through qualitative analysis to categorize discussion topics and types of social support on the forum. Patterns of user behaviors are defined and identified. Social networks are built to analyze user interactions of social support exchange. It is found that users at different quit stages have different behaviors to exchange social support, and different types of social support flow between users at different quit stages. Discussion topics, user behaviors and patterns of social support exchanges are thoroughly analyzed. However, due to a huge amount of information on QuitNet Forum, it is difficult for users to find proper topics or peers to discuss or interact with. It would be helpful if we could apply machine learning techniques to understand user generated information in online health communities, and recommend discussion topics to users to participate in. We develop classifiers to categorize posts and comments on QuitNet Forum in terms of user intentions and social support types. User behaviors and patterns are used to help developing various feature sets. Then, we develop recommendation techniques to recommend threads for users to participate in. Based on traditional Collaborative Filtering and content-based approaches, we integrate classification results and user quit stages to develop recommendation systems. The experiments show that integrating classification results or user health statuses can achieve the best recommendation results with different percentages of unknown data. In this dissertation, we implement all-sided studies for online smoking cessation communities, including comprehensive analytics and applications. The proposed frameworks and approaches could be applied to other health communities. In the future, we will apply more analytics and techniques to a larger data set, and develop user-end applications to serve and improve online health intervention programs and communities.

Download or read book How to Help Your Patients Stop Using Tobacco written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence 2008 Update Clinical Practice Guideline written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence written by Michael Fiore and published by Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Servic. This book was released on 2000 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This guideline is an updated version of the 1996 Smoking Cessation Clinical Practice Guideline No. 18."--P. ii.

Download or read book Tailoring Health Messages written by Matthew W. Kreuter and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through the use of new technologies, researchers, and practitioners in health education and health communication can now provide health information and behavior change strategies that are customized based on the unique needs, interests, and concerns of different individuals. These tailored health messages can be highly effective in assisting individuals in understanding and responding to health concerns. In this volume, Matthew Kreuter, David Farrell, and their colleagues define the process of tailoring and describe its uses in health communication programs. They present a theoretical and public health rationale for tailoring and support their position with empirical evidence. They also lay out the steps involved in creating and delivering tailored health communication programs, which can then be applied in practice. Practitioners, researchers, and students in health communication, health psychology, public health, and related areas will find this book to be a vital and invaluable resource for improving communication about health issues.

Download or read book A Study of the Predictors of Smoking Cessation of Clients Attending Smoking Cessation Services Organized by Tobacco Control Office Tco of Department of Health Dh written by Ka-Yun Cadmon Chui and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Examination of Time Orientation of Smokers in a Smoking Cessation Intervention written by Preety Kalra and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract The Examination of Time Orientation of Smokers in a Smoking Cessation Interventation By Preety Kalra Doctor of Philosophy in Epidemiology University of California, Berkeley Professor William Satariano, Chair Time perspective may be an important predictor of success in smoking cessation programs. Thus, it is important to better understand the role of time perspective for smoking cessation. More specifically, there needs to a greater understanding of the role that time perspective plays in initiating a quit attempt and in the success of that quit attempt. We hope the information generated from this study will allow us to better understand the role of time perspective and behavior change and to make recommendations for improving smoking cessation treatment programs. Such a project would be valuable because it would allow for identification of specific attributes of the individuals who are more likely to succeed in a smoking cessation intervention and for tailoring of referrals to different forms of smoking cessation treatment to make them better matched to individual recipients. This individualized approach would conserve resources by allocating patients more appropriately to treatment. Gaining a clearer perspective on the relationship between time orientation and smoking cessation outcome will help us understand if treatment programs are appropriately designed for those who enter such programs. Although there is some information relating time perspective to substance use there is only limited information on the role of time perspective in individuals' making a smoking cessation attempt and whether it fluctuates for those trying to quit. Time perspective may be an important predictor of treatment response in smoking cessation programs. More specifically, there needs to a greater understanding of the role that time perspective plays in initiating a quit attempt and in the success of that quit attempt. Gaining a clearer perspective on the relationship between time orientation and smoking cessation outcome will allow us to guide patients with different time perspectives to appropriate smoking cessation treatment programs. The proposed study investigated time orientation as a predictor of individuals' successfully completing a smoking cessation treatment program. The aims of this study are to identify the time orientation of patients at entry into a smoking cessation program and to explore the relationship of time orientation to other potential predictors of smoking cessation. We will assess the validity of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory in an on-going intervention trial. We will obtain psychometric data on the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory in an adult population at the initiation of an intervention. We will use exploratory factor analysis to determine the most appropriate number of dimensions. Then we will identify the time orientation of patients at entry into a smoking cessation program and to explore the relationship of time orientation to other potential predictors of smoking cessation. We will conduct a cross-sectional analysis and then examine how time orientation varies across socioeconomic factors of the population. We will also examine whether a single item of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory proves to be more predictive than a domain of the scale. Having a single item that could be used to screen participants in health care settings would alleviate the time necessary to classify an individual by time orientation and allow for tailoring of health interventions to match individual to treatment. Lastly, we will examine the change for each individual item of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and the number of cigarettes smoked from baseline to six months post-intervention. We will also assess change for each of the five domains, present fatalistic, present hedonistic, future, past negative and past positive and number of cigarettes smoked from baseline to follow-up. Characterizing the time orientation of smokers and its relation with smoking cessation is the first step toward designing future tailored smoking cessation interventions that would better meet the cessation needs of smokers. Because of the substantial health, quality of life and economic benefits of smoking cessation, even later in life, determining if time perspective is a predictor of success could have a potentially large impact on public health. Such a study would be valuable because it would allow for identification of specific attributes of the individuals who are more likely to succeed in a smoking cessation intervention and would allow for tailoring of referrals and for appropriate modification of smoking cessation programs to make them better matched to individual recipients.

Download or read book Tobacco Control for Adolescents in U S Pediatric Dental Practices written by Jennifer L. Ryan and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Predictors of Smoking Cessation Among College Students written by Patrick Riordan and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Tobacco Cessation written by Abdel Rahim Mohammad and published by B.C. Decker. This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide offers an outline of common oral diseases & dental conditions found in smokers & alerts dental professionals to the systemic diseases hazarded by tobacco users. It helps professionals develop strategies for assisting patients toward recovery from tobacco addiction using a combination of interventional therapies.

Download or read book Growing Up Tobacco Free written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tobacco use kills more people than any other addiction and we know that addiction starts in childhood and youth. We all agree that youths should not smoke, but how can this be accomplished? What prevention messages will they find compelling? What effect does tobacco advertisingâ€"more than $10 million worth every dayâ€"have on youths? Can we responsibly and effectively restrict their access to tobacco products? These questions and more are addressed in Growing Up Tobacco Free, prepared by the Institute of Medicine to help everyone understand the troubling issues surrounding youths and tobacco use. Growing Up Tobacco Free provides a readable explanation of nicotine's effects and the process of addiction, and documents the search for an effective approach to preventing the use of cigarettes, chewing and spitting tobacco, and snuff by children and youths. It covers the results of recent initiatives to limit young people's access to tobacco and discusses approaches to controls or bans on tobacco sales, price sensitivity among adolescents, and arguments for and against taxation as a prevention strategy for tobacco use. The controversial area of tobacco advertising is thoroughly examined. With clear guidelines for public action, everyone can benefit by reading and acting on the messages in this comprehensive and compelling book.

Download or read book Interventions for Tobacco Cessation in Adults Including Pregnant Women written by Carrie D. Patnode and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OBJECTIVE: We undertook this systematic review to support the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force in updating its 2015 recommendation on tobacco cessation interventions for adults, including pregnant women. Our review addressed the effectiveness and safety of pharmacotherapy, behavioral interventions, and electronic cigarettes for tobacco cessation. DATA SOURCES: We conducted an overview of reviews for evidence related to pharmacotherapy and behavioral interventions among the general adult population and for behavioral interventions among pregnant women. We searched the following databases and organizations' websites to identify existing reviews through April 2019: PubMed, PsycInfo, the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination Health Technology Assessment, the Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality, the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Center for Disease Control and Prevention's Guide to Community Preventive Services, the Health and Medicine Division of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine), the National Health Service Health Technology Assessment Programme, and the Surgeon General. We conducted a search for primary evidence related to the effectiveness and safety of electronic cigarettes (through May 2020) and pharmacotherapy among pregnant women (through May 2020) and did not rely on existing systematic reviews for this evidence. We conducted ongoing surveillance for relevant literature through September 25, 2020. STUDY SELECTION: For the overview of reviews, we included reviews with or without meta-analysis that were published in the English language that systematically reported the effects of tobacco cessation interventions on health, cessation, or adverse outcomes. We excluded nonsystematic meta-analyses and narrative reviews. For primary evidence related to the effectiveness and safety of electronic cigarettes among adults and pharmacotherapy among pregnant women, we included randomized controlled trials and large observational studies that reported health or cessation outcomes at 6 months or more followup or adverse events at any time point. For all evidence, we conducted critical appraisal of all provisionally included reviews and excluded reviews rated as having "critically low" credibility according to AMSTAR-2 criteria and individual studies rated as "poor" quality according to study design-specific risk-of-bias criteria. Data were abstracted by one reviewer and confirmed by another. DATA ANALYSIS: We grouped reviews based on population and intervention and identified one or more reviews within each population and intervention subgroup that represented the most current and applicable evidence to serve as the basis for the main findings ("primary" reviews) and discussed complementary and discordant findings from other included reviews as necessary. We did not reanalyze any of the individual study evidence but presented pooled analyses and existing point estimates from included reviews. We narratively synthesized the primary evidence for electronic cigarettes among adults and pregnant women and medications for smoking cessation among pregnant women and where appropriate, conducted random-effects meta-analyses to pool study results. RESULTS: We included 67 systematic reviews, 33 of which served as the basis for the primary findings. While this review was broadly scoped to include abstinence of all tobacco products, the primary outcome in all cases was abstinence from combustible cigarette smoking. Among adults, combined pharmacotherapy and behavioral interventions significantly increased smoking abstinence by 83 percent versus usual care or minimal support control groups not using medication (risk ratio [RR] 1.83 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.68 to 1.98]). Furthermore, all seven FDA-approved medications for smoking cessation were found to be effective in increasing smoking quit rates compared with placebo or nondrug arms at 6 or more months followup. The pooled RR for abstinence for nicotine replacement therapy (NRT, all forms) was 1.55 (95% CI, 1.49 to 1.61), for bupropion, 1.64 (95% CI, 1.52 to 1.77), and for varenicline, 2.24 (95% CI, 2.06 to 2.43). Combined NRT versus a single form of NRT showed a statistically significantly greater cessation effect (RR 1.25 [95% CI, 1.15 to 1.36]). Pooled analysis of trials directly comparing NRT and bupropion did not suggest a difference between the two types of pharmacotherapy; however, varenicline has been shown to be superior to both NRT and bupropion in achieving abstinence at 6 months or greater, although there are fewer trials testing these differences. Although less evidence is available, certain medications such as nortriptyline and cytisine used for tobacco cessation have shown potential benefits. None of the drugs were associated with serious adverse events, including major cardiovascular adverse events or serious neuropsychiatric events. Compared with various controls, behavioral interventions such as in-person advice and support from clinicians including physician advice, nurse advice, individual counseling with a cessation specialist, group behavioral interventions, telephone counseling, mobile phone-based interventions, interactive and tailored internet-based interventions, and the use of incentives had modest but significantly increased relative smoking cessation at 6 or more months (15% to 88% range in relative effects). For example, the pooled RR of physician advice versus no advice was 1.76 (95% CI, 1.58 to 1.96) for smoking cessation at 6 or more months' followup. There was a lack of clear benefit of motivational interviewing, decision aids, print-based, nontailored self-help materials, real-time video counseling, biofeedback (feedback on smoking exposure, smoking-related disease, or smoking-related harms), exercise, acupuncture, hypnotherapy, and system change interventions compared with controls; however, there was substantially less evidence related to each of these interventions. While some reviews found evidence of potential effect modification by specific intervention, population, or study design characteristics, there was no one factor that consistently predicted greater treatment effects, and nearly every subgroup analysis was found to be statistically significant. Few reviews on behavioral interventions captured information on potential harms, and none suggested serious adverse events that arose. We identified five trials that addressed the effectiveness and harms of the use of electronic cigarettes among adults. No trials testing the effects of electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation among pregnant women were identified. Results were mixed on smoking cessation effectiveness at 6 to 12 months among smokers intending to quit when compared with placebo devices or NRT. Four additional trials also reported on potential short-term harms of electronic cigarette use for cessation; none suggested relatively higher rates of serious adverse events. Among pregnant women, smoking cessation during late pregnancy was greater among women receiving any type of behavioral intervention, with evidence most clear for counseling versus controls (RR 1.31 [95% CI, 1.16 to 1.47]). Behavioral interventions were also associated with an increase in mean birthweight of babies as well as a decreased risk of low birth weight. We identified one new trial of NRT among pregnant women, but no new trials testing the effects of bupropion or varenicline in this population. For NRT, rates of validated cessation among women allocated to NRT (5.4% to 28.2%) compared with placebo (5.0% to 25.4%) were not statistically different (pooled RR 1.11 [95% CI, 0.79 to 1.56]). Benefits of NRT on infant health outcomes were seen in a few trials, but that evidence was limited. There was no clear evidence of harms from behavioral interventions or associated with NRT use during pregnancy, but harms also could not be ruled out given sparse reporting, low statistical power for evaluating rare harms, and limitations of observational study comparisons. LIMITATIONS: The comprehensiveness of our overview of reviews is limited by the recency and quality of the source reviews; with exceptions, we did not describe or cite individual trials because of the large volume of trials represented in the reviews. Furthermore, there are a limited number of trials testing the benefits and harms of electronic cigarettes among adults as well as the use of medications to assist pregnant women stop smoking. Such sparsity in research hampers our ability to make any robust conclusions about their effectiveness and potential harms. CONCLUSIONS: There is strong evidence that a range or pharmacological and behavioral interventions, both individually and in combination, are effective in increasing smoking cessation in adults. Moreover, behavioral interventions can help pregnant women stop smoking. Data on the effectiveness and safety of electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation among adults are limited as are data on the use of tobacco cessation pharmacotherapies among pregnant women. Future research should focus on direct comparisons between different combinations and classes of drugs, adaptations of interventions for diverse populations, and the efficacy and safety of electronic cigarettes.

Download or read book A Study of the Predictors of Smoking Cessation of Clients Attending Smoking Cessation Services Organized by Tobacco Control Office TCO of Department of Health DH written by Ka-yun Chui (Cadmon) and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This booklet for schools, medical personnel, and parents contains highlights from the 2012 Surgeon General's report on tobacco use among youth and teens (ages 12 through 17) and young adults (ages 18 through 25). The report details the causes and the consequences of tobacco use among youth and young adults by focusing on the social, environmental, advertising, and marketing influences that encourage youth and young adults to initiate and sustain tobacco use. This is the first time tobacco data on young adults as a discrete population have been explored in detail. The report also highlights successful strategies to prevent young people from using tobacco.

Download or read book Participation of African American Physicians and Dentists in Health Care Provider Assisted Smoking Cessation Interventions written by Diane King and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: