Download or read book Predicting Aircraft Performance Degradation Due to Ice Accretion written by Michael B. Bragg and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ice Accretion and Icing Technology written by Robert J Flemming and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2015-04-16 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of inflight atmospheric icing can be devastating to aircraft. Universities and industry have been hard at work to respond to the challenge of maintaining flight safety in all weather conditions. Proposed changes in the regulations for operation in icing conditions are sure to keep this type of research and development at its highest level. This is especially true for the effects of ice crystals in the atmosphere, and for the threat associated with supercooled large drop (SLD) icing. This collection of ten SAE International technical papers brings together vital contributions to the subject. Icing on aircraft surfaces would not be a problem if a material were discovered that prevented the freezing and accretion of supercooled drops. Many options that appeared to have promising icephobic properties have had serious shortfalls in durability. This title addresses, among other topics, the measurement techniques and the drop physics that apply to icing, certification for flight through ice crystal clouds and in supercooled large drops, improvements in predictive techniques, scaling methods, test facilities and techniques, and rotorcraft icing.

Download or read book Aerodynamics and Thermal Physics of Helicopter Ice Accretion written by Yiqiang Han and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ice accretion on aircraft introduces significant loss in airfoil performance. Reduced lift-to-drag ratio reduces the vehicle capability to maintain altitude and also limits its maneuverability. Current ice accretion performance degradation modeling approaches are calibrated only to a limited envelope of liquid water content, impact velocity, temperature, and water droplet size; consequently inaccurate aerodynamic performance degradations are estimated. The reduced ice accretion prediction capabilities in the glaze ice regime are primarily due to a lack of knowledge of surface roughness induced by ice accretion. A comprehensive understanding of the ice roughness effects on airfoil heat transfer, ice accretion shapes, and ultimately aerodynamics performance is critical for the design of ice protection systems. Surface roughness effects on both heat transfer and aerodynamic performance degradation on airfoils have been experimentally evaluated. Novel techniques, such as ice molding and casting methods and transient heat transfer measurement using non-intrusive thermal imaging methods, were developed at the Adverse Environment Rotor Test Stand (AERTS) facility at Penn State. A novel heat transfer scaling method specifically for turbulent flow regime was also conceived. A heat transfer scaling parameter, labeled as Coefficient of Stanton and Reynolds Number (CSR=St_x/(Re_x^(-0.2) )), has been validated against reference data found in the literature for rough flat plates with Reynolds number (Re) up to 1x107, for rough cylinders with Re ranging from 3x104 to 4x106, and for turbine blades with Re from 7.5x105 to 7x106. This is the first time that the effect of Reynolds number is shown to be successfully eliminated on heat transfer magnitudes measured on rough surfaces. Analytical models for ice roughness distribution, heat transfer prediction, and aerodynamics performance degradation due to ice accretion have also been developed. The ice roughness prediction model was developed based on a set of 82 experimental measurements and also compared to existing predictions tools. Two reference predictions found in the literature yielded 76% and 54% discrepancy with respect to experimental testing, whereas the proposed ice roughness prediction model resulted in a 31% minimum accuracy in prediction. It must be noted that the accuracy of the proposed model is within the ice shape reproduction uncertainty of icing facilities. Based on the new ice roughness prediction model and the CSR heat transfer scaling method, an icing heat transfer model was developed. The approach achieved high accuracy in heat transfer prediction compared to experiments conducted at the AERTS facility. The discrepancy between predictions and experimental results was within ±15%, which was within the measurement uncertainty range of the facility. By combining both the ice roughness and heat transfer predictions, and incorporating the modules into an existing ice prediction tool (LEWICE), improved prediction capability was obtained, especially for the glaze regime. With the available ice shapes accreted at the AERTS facility and additional experiments found in the literature, 490 sets of experimental ice shapes and corresponding aerodynamics testing data were available. A physics-based performance degradation empirical tool was developed and achieved a mean absolute deviation of 33% when compared to the entire experimental dataset, whereas 60% to 243% discrepancies were observed using legacy drag penalty prediction tools. Rotor torque predictions coupling Blade Element Momentum Theory and the proposed drag performance degradation tool was conducted on a total of 17 validation cases. The coupled prediction tool achieved a 10% predicting error for clean rotor conditions, and 16% error for iced rotor conditions. It was shown that additional roughness element could affect the measured drag by up to 25% during experimental testing, emphasizing the need of realistic ice structures during aerodynamics modeling and testing for ice accretion.

Download or read book Prediction of the Performance Degradation of an Aircraft in Natural Icing Conditions written by Tuncer Cebeci and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Special Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ice Accretion Prediction for a Typical Commercial Transport Aircraft written by C. S. Bidwell and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ice Accretion Prediction on Single and Multi element Airfoils and the Resulting Performance Degradation written by P. Tran and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Research Investigation Into Aircraft Ice Accretion and the Characteristics of the Resultant Aerodynmaic Performance Degradation written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A PDE based 3D Approach to In flight Ice Accretion written by Héloïse Beaugendre and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Automatic Multi stepping Approach to Aircraft Ice Prediction written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flying an aircraft in icing conditions may seriously degrade its aerodynamical performance and threaten the flight safety. Over the years, new technologies and improved procedures have limited the potential risks caused by aircraft icing. Experimental studies being very expensive, numerous computer codes have been developed to simulate ice shapes and tackle the problem. Typically in these codes, a flow solution and key icing parameters are evaluated around a clean un-iced geometry and their values remain constant during the entire simulation. This approach may be acceptable for short exposure times or when the ice shape only slightly deforms the initial geometry. However, in other cases, the values of the icing parameters may vary and the simulation will loose its accuracy: for large shapes, the presence of the ice influences the surrounding airflow significantly, altering the value of icing parameters and ultimately the ice accretion. Calculating more accurate ice shapes therefore requires to periodically recompute the flow field around the body during the simulation and determine updated values for icing parameters. This procedure, known as multi-stepping, is investigated in this thesis and adapted to the new threedimensional icing code ICECREMO2. Several multi-step algorithms are presented and tested on cylinders and airfoils. When possible, the ice shapes simulated are compared with experimental results. The first multi-step calculations were generally performed manually. The user had to perform a rather tedious work and inappropriate instructions could lead to severe inaccuracies in the simulations. To avoid these difficulties, a fully automated procedure will be developed including all stages of a multi-step computation. This significantly reduces user interaction and the overall computing time. The present research work forms part of the ICECREMO2 project. ICECREMO2 is a three-dimensional ice accretion and water flow code developed collaboratively by Airbus U.

Download or read book Ice Adhesion written by K. L. Mittal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-12-15 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book presents ways to mitigate the disastrous effects of snow/ice accumulation and discusses the mechanisms of new coatings deicing technologies. The strategies currently used to combat ice accumulation problems involve chemical, mechanical or electrical approaches. These are expensive and labor intensive, and the use of chemicals raises serious environmental concerns. The availability of truly icephobic surfaces or coatings will be a big boon in preventing the devastating effects of ice accumulation. Currently, there is tremendous interest in harnessing nanotechnology in rendering surfaces icephobic or in devising icephobic surface materials and coatings, and all signals indicate that such interest will continue unabated in the future. As the key issue regarding icephobic materials or coatings is their durability, much effort is being spent in developing surface materials or coatings which can be effective over a long period. With the tremendous activity in this arena, there is strong hope that in the not too distant future, durable surface materials or coatings will come to fruition. This book contains 20 chapters by subject matter experts and is divided into three parts— Part 1: Fundamentals of Ice Formation and Characterization; Part 2: Ice Adhesion and Its Measurement; and Part 3: Methods to Mitigate Ice Adhesion. The topics covered include: factors influencing the formation, adhesion and friction of ice; ice nucleation on solid surfaces; physics of ice nucleation and growth on a surface; condensation frosting; defrosting properties of structured surfaces; relationship between surface free energy and ice adhesion to surfaces; metrology of ice adhesion; test methods for quantifying ice adhesion strength to surfaces; interlaboratory studies of ice adhesion strength; mechanisms of surface icing and deicing technologies; icephobicities of superhydrophobic surfaces; anti-icing using microstructured surfaces; icephobic surfaces: features and challenges; bio-inspired anti-icing surface materials; durability of anti-icing coatings; durability of icephobic coatings; bio-inspired icephobic coatings; protection from ice accretion on aircraft; and numerical modeling and its application to inflight icing.

Download or read book Feasibility of Predicting Performance Degradation of Airfoils in Heavy Rain written by Alan J. Bilanin and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Civil and Military Airworthiness written by Kyriakos I. Kourousis and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-05-27 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Airworthiness, as a field, encompasses the technical and non-technical activities required to design, certify, produce, maintain, and safely operate an aircraft throughout its lifespan. The evolving technology, science, and engineering methods and, most importantly, aviation regulation, offer new opportunities and create, new challenges for the aviation industry. This book assembles review and research articles across a variety of topics in the field of airworthiness: aircraft maintenance, safety management, human factors, cost analysis, structures, risk assessment, unmanned aerial vehicles and regulations. This selection of papers informs the industry practitioners and researchers on important issues.

Download or read book Effect of Ice Accretion on Aircraft Performance and Control During Trimmed Flight written by Devesh Pokhariyal and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Computational Fluid Dynamics Icing Analysis written by Danial Zeppetelli and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Experimental and Numerical Study of Icing Effects on the Performance and Controllability of a Twin Engine Aircraft written by Andrew L. Reehorst and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Investigation of Civil Aircraft s Performance and Pilot s Visual Range Under the Impact of Heavy Blowing Snow written by Hui-Lin Chen and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis investigates the influence of snow, snowfall and the application of a blowing snow algorithm, ice forming and accretion which leads to an aircraft on aerodynamic performance deterioration and degradation of flight safety. With adverse weather conditions under blowing snow posing significant challenges to the pilot's visibility on flight operation, understanding RVRs effects on aircraft performance is crucial for ensuring safe and efficiency during takeoff and landing. The study begins by examining the concept of ice accretion on wing leading edge, which impacts on aerodynamic performance of the aircraft to decreased lift, increased drag, and altered stall characteristics, significantly affected the aircraft's maneuverability and handling that it contributes to an early stall. Heavy blowing snow, characterized by turbulence, gusts, and horizontal windshear, is identified as a substantial hazard, denoted as the F-factor, exacerbating the challenges associated with snowfall during takeoff and landing procedures. These algorithms aim to enhance situational awareness by providing real-time data on snow density, snowfall rate, wind direction, and velocity. By accurately detecting and predicting blowing snow patterns, pilots can make informed decisions to optimize aircraft maneuverability to promote flight safety. To evaluate the impact of flight visibility and the blowing snow algorithm, visibility data analysis and extensive simulations are conducted. Including light extinction coefficient, snow particles drag coefficient and Liquid Water Content (LWC), are assessed under varying visibility conditions and blowing snow scenarios. The results demonstrate a clear correlation between RVR, flight visibility and aircraft performance for takeoff and landing. Significantly affecting the height of decision making by the pilot to conduct aircraft continue to land or to make a go-around. However, the implementation of the blowing snow algorithm positively influences flight safety by providing pilots with timely information, enabling them to respond effectively to adapting snow conditions. The findings of this research have important implications for aviation safety and operational decision-making. contribute to the development of improved guidelines and procedures for pilots when dealing with adverse weather conditions, specifically blowing snow. By enhancing situational awareness and aerodynamic performance, the blowing snow algorithm has the potential to significantly mitigate detrimental consequences of the risks associated with snow-related incidents during flight operations. Hope these insights provide valuable guidance for the aviation industry in developing strategies to enhance flight safety in challenging weather conditions.