Download or read book Predicted Impact of a Domestic Livestock Disease Outbreak on Volume and Composition of U S Beef Exports written by Mina Hejazi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International trade in livestock products has grown in recent decades. Prevention and control of livestock diseases is an important part of maintaining such trade. Past livestock disease outbreaks have had large effects on export markets for U.S. livestock and livestock products. In 2003, for example, U.S. exports of poultry and their products fell approximately 15 percent because of an avian influenza outbreak. In this study, I explore the potential impacts of a hypothetical foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreak on world demand for U.S. fresh and frozen beef. There has been no outbreak of FMD in the U.S. since 1927, so we must rely on other countries' experiences with FMD, and its impact on international trade to understand the potential consequences of an outbreak in the U.S.I begin by estimating export supply and import demand equations to explain volume and composition of beef trade in the world as a function of many explanatory variables, including the presence or absence of FMD in the exporting country. I use my econometric results of world beef trade to predict the potential trade impacts of an FMD outbreak in the U.S.I also measure the potential for U.S. frozen beef to act as a buffer or substitute for fresh beef in the case of FMD outbreak in the US. If an FMD outbreak were to occur in the U.S., theory suggests that our trade partners' demand for fresh beef would decrease, but that demand for substitute products like frozen beef might increase. International trade relations and trade data are very complex though, and many econometric problems arise. I address many of the problems yet some of my results are inconsistent with economic theory. This suggests some econometric problems remain that must be addressed before reliable results can be obtained. Nonetheless, my results provide several useful insights that inform future efforts to address the research question using econometrics. My results also suggest that a country's demand for US beef may respond differently to an FMD outbreak in the US depending on how many animals the importing country has, and how sensitive the importing country is to change and uncertainty. It also illustrates that a change in demand for fresh beef in a country may or may not be partially offset by a change in demand for frozen beef within that same country (or by a different country).
Download or read book Essays on the Global Burden of Animal Diseases written by Mohammad Maksudur Rahman and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation comprises three studies investigating the global impacts of animal diseases on trade, production, and human and animal health expenditures. In the first essay, we identify and quantify the global impacts of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreaks on meat exports using panel data from 178 World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) member countries from 1996 to 2016. We adopt a causal inference approach that considers animal disease outbreaks over time as non-staggered binary treatments with the potential for switching in (new outbreak) and out of treatment (recovery) within the sample period. Using a recently proposed dynamic DID estimator robust to group and time heterogeneity, we estimate the treatment effects that decompose into 'post-infection' and 'post-recovery' effects. We find the outbreak decreases meat export by 24% - 36% of mean annual meat export in the five years following an outbreak, which is brought about by a decline in the joiners' meat exports, while the leavers do not recover the export losses even after five years. The average effect is estimated at about 54,000 tons per outbreak, resulting in an export revenue loss of $143 million. The asymmetric post-infection and post-recovery trade losses imply a significant disease burden on the endemic regions.FMD outbreaks cause animal morbidity and mortality, resulting in production loss and loss of income and livelihood. In the second essay, we estimate the global impacts of FMD outbreaks on production. We adopt a two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method to estimate changes in global agricultural and livestock total factor productivity (TFP) for 178 countries during 1996 - 2016. In the first stage, we use DEA to estimate the Malmquist TFP index and the Malmquist-Luenberger TFP index for the agriculture and livestock sectors, respectively. In the second stage, we use a difference-in-differences (DID) estimator to identify the changes in TFP after an outbreak. The causal model shows a delayed impact of disease events on overall agricultural TFP. On average, an outbreak causes a 30% lower productivity growth in the newly disease-affected countries compared to the annual productivity growth of never affected countries. Decomposition into different components reveals that a lower technical efficiency growth in the affected regions contributes to the lower TFP growth.Endemic zoonoses cause a dual burden of increased health costs for humans and animals and reduced income and livelihoods, especially in livestock-dependent rural households. In the third essay, we investigate the factors determining the household's willingness to pay (WTP) for disease mitigation services for animals and humans. Using a cross-sectional survey of 71 households in northern Tanzania, we conduct choice experiments to elicit disease mitigation preferences for anthrax in animals and humans. We specify a random utility framework and estimate a single-bounded logistic regression model. Results show that the respondents are reluctant to adopt any disease mitigation measure with lower efficacy for anthrax, be it for animals or humans. There is also high price sensitivity across animal and human health expenditure choices. When price level variations are accounted for, the respondents choose lower-cost disease mitigation measures such as animal vaccination and outpatient treatments for humans. High uptake in low-cost alternatives imply potential for the private market-based provision of disease mitigation services, while public support, such as subsidies and price support, may facilitate the success of disease mitigation strategies.
Download or read book OECD FAO Agricultural Outlook 2021 2030 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2021-07-05 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Agricultural Outlook 2021-2030 is a collaborative effort of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. It brings together the commodity, policy and country expertise of both organisations as well as input from collaborating member countries to provide an annual assessment of the prospects for the coming decade of national, regional and global agricultural commodity markets. The publication consists of 11 Chapters; Chapter 1 covers agricultural and food markets; Chapter 2 provides regional outlooks and the remaining chapters are dedicated to individual commodities.
Download or read book Livestock s Long Shadow written by Henning Steinfeld and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2006 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The assessment builds on the work of the Livestock, Environment and Development (LEAD) Initiative"--Pref.
Download or read book Cleaner Production Assessment in Meat Processing written by United Nations Environment Programme. Division of Technology, Industry, and Economics and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 2000 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Animal Health at the Crossroads written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-12-17 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The confirmed case of "mad cow" disease (BSE) in June 2005 illustrates the economic impact of disease outbreaks, as additional countries closed their markets to U.S. beef and beef products. Emerging diseases also threaten public health-11 out of 12 of the major global disease outbreaks over the last decade were from zoonotic agents (that spread from animals to humans). Animal Health at the Crossroads: Preventing, Detecting, and Diagnosing Animal Diseases finds that, in general, the U.S. animal health framework has been slow to take advantage of state-of-the-art technologies being used now to protect public health; better diagnostic tests for identifying all animal diseases should be made a priority. The report also recommends that the nation establish a high-level, authoritative, and accountable coordinating mechanism to engage and enhance partnerships among local, state, and federal agencies, and the private sector.
Download or read book Anthrax in Humans and Animals written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fourth edition of the anthrax guidelines encompasses a systematic review of the extensive new scientific literature and relevant publications up to end 2007 including all the new information that emerged in the 3-4 years after the anthrax letter events. This updated edition provides information on the disease and its importance, its etiology and ecology, and offers guidance on the detection, diagnostic, epidemiology, disinfection and decontamination, treatment and prophylaxis procedures, as well as control and surveillance processes for anthrax in humans and animals. With two rounds of a rigorous peer-review process, it is a relevant source of information for the management of anthrax in humans and animals.
Download or read book Japan s Beef Market written by Kakuyu Obara and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japan imports large amounts of beef, primarily from Oceania and North America, and its consumers are willing to pay a premium for heavily marbled, grain-fed beef. Trade bans resulting from the discovery of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in North America shifted beef supplies to imported beef from Australia and New Zealand. Beef consumption in Japan may increase from current levels in Japan¿s market, particularly if prices fall or income rises. Economic factors, demographic factors, import and domestic policies and regulations, as well as consumer tastes and preferences, will determine the outlook for beef consumption in Japan and the ability of U.S. beef to compete in that market. Charts and tables.
Download or read book World Livestock 2013 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-08-22 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Livestock 2013: Changing disease landscapes looks at the evidence of changing disease dynamics involving livestock and explores three key areas: the Pressure, including drivers and risk factors that contribute to disease emergence, spread and persistence; the State, describing the disease dynamics that result from the Pressure and their subsequent impact; and the Response, required both to adapt and improve the State and to mitigate the Pressure. The report argues that a comprehensive approach for the promotion of global health is needed to face the complexities of the changing disease landscapes, giving greater emphasis on agro-ecological resilience, protection of biodiversity and efficient use of natural resources to ensure safer food supply chains, particularly in areas worst afflicted by poverty and animal diseases. Speeding up response times by early detection and reaction – including improved policies that address disease drivers – is key. Forging a safer, healthier world requires engagement in the One Health approach, which involves all relevant actors and disciplines spanning animal, human and environmental health sectors.
Download or read book How to Prevent the Next Pandemic written by Bill Gates and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2022-05-03 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Governments, businesses, and individuals around the world are thinking about what happens after the COVID-19 pandemic. Can we hope to not only ward off another COVID-like disaster but also eliminate all respiratory diseases, including the flu? Bill Gates, one of our greatest and most effective thinkers and activists, believes the answer is yes. The author of the #1 New York Times best seller How to Avoid a Climate Disaster lays out clearly and convincingly what the world should have learned from COVID-19 and what all of us can do to ward off another catastrophe like it. Relying on the shared knowledge of the world’s foremost experts and on his own experience of combating fatal diseases through the Gates Foundation, Gates first helps us understand the science of infectious diseases. Then he shows us how the nations of the world, working in conjunction with one another and with the private sector, how we can prevent a new pandemic from killing millions of people and devastating the global economy. Here is a clarion call—strong, comprehensive, and of the gravest importance.
Download or read book The impact of disasters and crises on agriculture and food security 2021 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2021-03-17 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On top of a decade of exacerbated disaster loss, exceptional global heat, retreating ice and rising sea levels, humanity and our food security face a range of new and unprecedented hazards, such as megafires, extreme weather events, desert locust swarms of magnitudes previously unseen, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Agriculture underpins the livelihoods of over 2.5 billion people – most of them in low-income developing countries – and remains a key driver of development. At no other point in history has agriculture been faced with such an array of familiar and unfamiliar risks, interacting in a hyperconnected world and a precipitously changing landscape. And agriculture continues to absorb a disproportionate share of the damage and loss wrought by disasters. Their growing frequency and intensity, along with the systemic nature of risk, are upending people’s lives, devastating livelihoods, and jeopardizing our entire food system. This report makes a powerful case for investing in resilience and disaster risk reduction – especially data gathering and analysis for evidence informed action – to ensure agriculture’s crucial role in achieving the future we want.
Download or read book Sustaining Global Surveillance and Response to Emerging Zoonotic Diseases written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-01-24 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: H1N1 ("swine flu"), SARS, mad cow disease, and HIV/AIDS are a few examples of zoonotic diseases-diseases transmitted between humans and animals. Zoonotic diseases are a growing concern given multiple factors: their often novel and unpredictable nature, their ability to emerge anywhere and spread rapidly around the globe, and their major economic toll on several disparate industries. Infectious disease surveillance systems are used to detect this threat to human and animal health. By systematically collecting data on the occurrence of infectious diseases in humans and animals, investigators can track the spread of disease and provide an early warning to human and animal health officials, nationally and internationally, for follow-up and response. Unfortunately, and for many reasons, current disease surveillance has been ineffective or untimely in alerting officials to emerging zoonotic diseases. Sustaining Global Surveillance and Response to Emerging Zoonotic Diseases assesses some of the disease surveillance systems around the world, and recommends ways to improve early detection and response. The book presents solutions for improved coordination between human and animal health sectors, and among governments and international organizations. Parties seeking to improve the detection and response to zoonotic diseases-including U.S. government and international health policy makers, researchers, epidemiologists, human health clinicians, and veterinarians-can use this book to help curtail the threat zoonotic diseases pose to economies, societies, and health.
Download or read book Quantifyin the Impact of Techical Barriesst ti Trade written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-03-31 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By 2050 the world's population is projected to grow by one-third, reaching between 9 and 10 billion. With globalization and expected growth in global affluence, a substantial increase in per capita meat, dairy, and fish consumption is also anticipated. The demand for calories from animal products will nearly double, highlighting the critical importance of the world's animal agriculture system. Meeting the nutritional needs of this population and its demand for animal products will require a significant investment of resources as well as policy changes that are supportive of agricultural production. Ensuring sustainable agricultural growth will be essential to addressing this global challenge to food security. Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability identifies areas of research and development, technology, and resource needs for research in the field of animal agriculture, both nationally and internationally. This report assesses the global demand for products of animal origin in 2050 within the framework of ensuring global food security; evaluates how climate change and natural resource constraints may impact the ability to meet future global demand for animal products in sustainable production systems; and identifies factors that may impact the ability of the United States to meet demand for animal products, including the need for trained human capital, product safety and quality, and effective communication and adoption of new knowledge, information, and technologies. The agricultural sector worldwide faces numerous daunting challenges that will require innovations, new technologies, and new ways of approaching agriculture if the food, feed, and fiber needs of the global population are to be met. The recommendations of Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability will inform a new roadmap for animal science research to meet the challenges of sustainable animal production in the 21st century.
Download or read book Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-09-10 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globalization of the food supply has created conditions favorable for the emergence, reemergence, and spread of food-borne pathogens-compounding the challenge of anticipating, detecting, and effectively responding to food-borne threats to health. In the United States, food-borne agents affect 1 out of 6 individuals and cause approximately 48 million illnesses, 128,000 hospitalizations, and 3,000 deaths each year. This figure likely represents just the tip of the iceberg, because it fails to account for the broad array of food-borne illnesses or for their wide-ranging repercussions for consumers, government, and the food industry-both domestically and internationally. A One Health approach to food safety may hold the promise of harnessing and integrating the expertise and resources from across the spectrum of multiple health domains including the human and veterinary medical and plant pathology communities with those of the wildlife and aquatic health and ecology communities. The IOM's Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop on December 13 and 14, 2011 that examined issues critical to the protection of the nation's food supply. The workshop explored existing knowledge and unanswered questions on the nature and extent of food-borne threats to health. Participants discussed the globalization of the U.S. food supply and the burden of illness associated with foodborne threats to health; considered the spectrum of food-borne threats as well as illustrative case studies; reviewed existing research, policies, and practices to prevent and mitigate foodborne threats; and, identified opportunities to reduce future threats to the nation's food supply through the use of a "One Health" approach to food safety. Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach: Workshop Summary covers the events of the workshop and explains the recommendations for future related workshops.
Download or read book Climate Change and Livestock Production Recent Advances and Future Perspectives written by Veerasamy Sejian and published by Springer. This book was released on 2022-03-14 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the importance of sustainable livestock production from a food security perspective in the changing climate scenario. It covers the amelioration of climate change impacts and describes the various mitigation strategies to reduce enteric methane emissions. The book targets sustainable livestock production by covering diverse concepts of amelioration, mitigation, and policy up-gradation. Further, it examines various adverse impacts of climate change on growth, meat, milk, and reproduction in livestock. Most importantly, the book covers novel aspects of quantifying heat stress response of livestock based on non-invasive methodologies, including infrared thermal imaging, sensor-based applications, hair, urine, and fecal cortisol estimation. Particular emphasis was given to describing the skin-based novel approaches to establish climate resilience in indigenous breeds. The book provides detailed descriptions of alleviating climate change impacts on shelter management, nutritional interventions, and genetics-based strategies involving advanced genomic tools. Lastly, it highlights the livestock species which could be considered ideal climate-resilient animal models to withstand the adversities associated with climate change.
Download or read book The Use of Drugs in Food Animals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-01-12 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of drugs in food animal production has resulted in benefits throughout the food industry; however, their use has also raised public health safety concerns. The Use of Drugs in Food Animals provides an overview of why and how drugs are used in the major food-producing animal industriesâ€"poultry, dairy, beef, swine, and aquaculture. The volume discusses the prevalence of human pathogens in foods of animal origin. It also addresses the transfer of resistance in animal microbes to human pathogens and the resulting risk of human disease. The committee offers analysis and insight into these areas: Monitoring of drug residues. The book provides a brief overview of how the FDA and USDA monitor drug residues in foods of animal origin and describes quality assurance programs initiated by the poultry, dairy, beef, and swine industries. Antibiotic resistance. The committee reports what is known about this controversial problem and its potential effect on human health. The volume also looks at how drug use may be minimized with new approaches in genetics, nutrition, and animal management.
