Download or read book Predator induced Hatching Plasticity of Northeastern Pacific Coast Nudibranchs written by Geoffrey Masato Mayhew and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many organisms have complex life cycles that include ontogenetic niche shifts, or changes to morphology, physiology, diet, predators, and habitat. Natural selection favors individuals that choose the optimal time to undergo ontogenetic niche shifts that avoids unnecessary losses to fitness, and niche shift timing is therefore considered a plastic trait. Hatching is a common niche shift within animals, and modifications to hatch timing can mediate the costs and benefits of hatching sooner or later, depending on varying predation risk, resource availability, or habitat conditions. Predator-induced hatching plasticity in particular is well-documented within amphibians as well as other terrestrial vertebrates and arthropods, but few cases have been documented in the marine environment. This is likely due to the difficulty of making observations of hatching activity, as many marine invertebrates hatch as near-microscopic larvae. The purpose of this study was to develop hatching detectors that improve the ease and frequency of observations of hatching and then demonstrate their utility in investigations of hatching plasticity of two nudibranch species. The hatching detectors, comprised of an array of paired infrared emitters and phototransistors, measure fluctuations in absorbed infrared light to detect hatching. Coupled with wireless transmissions of hatching data, these sensors allowed quasi-real-time monitoring of hatching activity and high-temporal resolution estimates of hatch timing with minimal disturbance to developing embryos. Using these hatching detectors, I wanted to examine whether the nudibranchs H. crassicornis and O. bilamellata exhibit hatch timing plasticity. Given their benthic development within embryo masses and planktonic development after hatching, I hypothesized that both species would accelerate hatch timing when their embryo masses were presented with predation cues from benthic predators. I first investigated hatching plasticity in the aeolid H. crassicornis in response to a simulated predator attack (disruption of the embryo mass outer envelope at age 7 d) and to chemical cues from the embryo predator Heptacarpus brevirostris and the non-predator Petrolisthes eriomerus in a fully-crossed experimental design. There was an apparent interaction between the mechanical cue and embryo mass batch where the simulated predator attack had no effect on the first batch of embryo masses but reduced time-to-hatching in the second batch of embryo masses. The chemical cue had no significant effect on hatch timing. I performed another experiment with the dorid O. bilamellata to determine if they modify hatch timing in response to chemical cues from the embryo predator H. brevirostris or the non-predator Nucella lamellosa, but also found no significant effect. Although this study did not find clear evidence of predator-induced hatching plasticity in these two nudibranchs species, the hatching detectors functioned as intended and provide a means to facilitate future examinations of hatching plasticity in animals with similar life histories.
Download or read book Cost of Predator induced Plasticity and Cost of Responding to Predators in Tadpoles written by Ulrich Karl Steiner and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sea Snails written by Joseph Heller and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-16 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This richly illustrated book presents the diversity and natural history of sea snail groups. By integrating aspects of morphology, ecology, evolution and behaviour, it describes how each group copes with problems of defence, locomotion, nutrition, reproduction and embryonic development. First come general characteristics of the Mollusca, to which snails belong; and next, characteristics by which snails (Gastropoda) differ from other molluscs. Then a broad, panoramic view of all major sea snail groups, from the primitive to the more advanced, is presented, including both the more abundant and some remote ones of special interest. In detailing primitive sea snails, first limpets (Patellogastropoda) are described, followed by brush snails (Vetigastropoda: top-shells, turbans and allies) and nerites (Neritimorpha), a small group with remarkably high variation in shell colour and in habitats. In looking at advanced-snails (Caenogastropoda), it details the herbivorous grazers and filter-feeders and the many voracious predators, some which use venomous darts. The book also covers sea slugs (Opisthobranchia), which have shifted from mechanical to chemical defence; some are herbivores, some use their food to harness solar energy, others are predators that gain stinging cells and poisonous compounds from their food. In addition, readers will learn about aspects of sea snails in human culture, including use as sacred artefacts and objects of magic and money, as a source of the royal and sacred dyes of purple and blue and as holy ceremonial trumpets. The text, in which scientific terms are accompanied by parallel common ones, is accompanied by over 200 illustrations (mostly in colour). This comprehensive, insightful portrait of sea snails will appeal to marine biologists, zoology lecturers and students, biology teachers, field-school instructors, nature reserve wardens, amateur naturalists, as well as to lecturers and learners of human culture.
Download or read book Biological Invasions in Marine Ecosystems written by Gil Rilov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-12 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological invasions are considered to be one of the greatest threats to the integrity of most ecosystems on earth. This volume explores the current state of marine bioinvasions, which have been growing at an exponential rate over recent decades. Focusing on the ecological aspects of biological invasions, it elucidates the different stages of an invasion process, starting with uptake and transport, through inoculation, establishment and finally integration into new ecosystems. Basic ecological concepts - all in the context of bioinvasions - are covered, such as propagule pressure, species interactions, phenotypic plasticity, and the importance of biodiversity. The authors approach bioinvasions as hazards to the integrity of natural communities, but also as a tool for better understanding fundamental ecological processes. Important aspects of managing marine bioinvasions are also discussed, as are many informative case studies from around the world.
Download or read book From Guinea Pig to Computer Mouse written by Ursula Zinko and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Marine Animal Forests written by Sergio Rossi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last decades there has been an increasing evidence of drastic changes in marine ecosystems due to human-induced impacts, especially on benthic ecosystems. The so called “animal forests” are currently showing a dramatic loss of biomass and biodiversity all over the world. These communities are dominated by sessile suspension feeder organisms (such as sponges, corals, gorgonians, bivalves, etc.) that generate three-dimensional structures, similar to the trees in the terrestrial forest. The animal forest provide several ecosystem services such as food, protection and nursery to the associated fauna, playing an important role in the local hydrodynamic and biogeochemical cycles near the sea floor and acting also as carbon sinks. The present book focus its attention on these three dimensional animal structures including, for the first time, all the different types of animal forests of the world in a single volume.
Download or read book Oxidative Stress and Hormesis in Evolutionary Ecology and Physiology written by David Costantini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-03-27 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses oxidative stress and hormesis from the perspective of an evolutionary ecologist or physiologist. In the first of ten chapters, general historical information, definitions, and background of research on oxidative stress physiology, hormesis, and life history are provided. Chapters 2-10 highlight the different solutions that organisms have evolved to cope with the oxidative threats posed by their environments and lifestyles. The author illustrates how oxidative stress and hormesis have shaped diversity in organism life-histories, behavioral profiles, morphological phenotypes, and aging mechanisms. The book offers fascinating insights into how organisms work and how they evolve to sustain their physiological functions under a vast array of environmental conditions.
Download or read book Symbiosis in Fishes written by Ilan Karplus and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-04-09 with total page 847 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Symbiosis in Fishes provides comprehensive coverage of the biology of partnerships between fishes and invertebrates, ascending the phylogenetic scale, from luminescent bacteria, sponges and coelenterates to molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms. Both facultative and obligatory partnerships are reviewed with emphasis on the behavioral, ecological and evolutionary aspects of fish symbiosis. Each of the eight chapters of this book focuses on a different group of partners. The structure, physiology and anti-predatory strategies of each group are described to provide the necessary background for the understanding of their partnerships with fishes. The formation of the associations, the degree of partner specificity and its regulation, as well as the benefits and costs for the fishes and their associates, communication between partners and their possible co-evolution are discussed in each chapter. This is the first attempt to critically review in a single volume all associations of fishes with invertebrates based on the latest studies in these areas, together with studies published many years ago and little cited since then. Symbiosis in Fishes provides a huge wealth of information that will be of great use and interest to many life scientists including fish biologists, ecologists, ethologists, aquatic scientists, physiologists and evolutionary biologists. It is hoped that the contents of the book will stimulate many to further research, to fill in the gaps in our knowledge in this fascinating and important subject. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where biological sciences are studied and taught should have copies of this exciting book.
Download or read book The Biology of Ascidians written by H. Sawada and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ascidians are the invertebrate group that gave rise to vertebrates, thus the biology of ascidians provides an essential key to understanding both invertebrates and vertebrates. This book is the first to cover all areas of ascidian biology, including development, evolution, biologically active substances, heavy metal accumulation, asexual reproduction, host-defense mechanisms, allorecognition mechanisms, comparative immunology, neuroscience, taxonomy, ecology, genome science, and food science. The 69 articles that make up the collection were contributed by leading ascidiologists from all over the world who participated in the First International Symposium on the Biology of Ascidians, held in June 2000 in Sapporo, Japan. For scientists and students alike, the book is an invaluable source of information from the latest, most comprehensive studies of ascidian biology.
Download or read book Climate Change Ocean Acidification and Sponges written by José Luis Carballo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-27 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While sponges represent a very simple group of organisms, which are represented by over 8000 species, there is considerable interest in the increasing role they may play in future marine ecosystems. While we still have a comparatively limited understanding of how sponges will respond to ocean warming and acidification there is evidence that some species may have the ability to acclimate or even adapt to these stressors. This comprehensive collection of articles describes our current understanding of the impacts of ocean acidification and warming on sponges across multiple levels of biological organisation, and from the geological past to the present. With expert contributions from across the world this book represents the most up-to-date view on sponge responses to climate change. This book will be of interest to a wide audience of marine scientists and managers, who are grappling with how to manage, conserve and protect marine ecosystems.
Download or read book Antarctic Science written by Gotthilf Hempel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public awareness of the importance of Antarctic research, particularly in relation to global problems, has increased. The book spans a broad spectrum of Antarctic science from the "ozone hole" to microbiology to the sea ice. The main focus is on the role of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean in the world climate system, e.g. the formation of sea ice and its relevance to ocean circulation, the biological pump in relation to CO2 release. The past climate history is revealed by the analysis of ice cores and sediments. Studies of plate tectonics and fossil records reach further back in earth history. Key words in the biological chapters are krill and the rich Antarctic benthos. Finally, the potential conflict between conservationists, researchers and tourists is discussed.
Download or read book Marine Algae written by Leonel Pereira and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-09-26 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is divided into three thematic areas. The first covers a revision of the taxonomy of algae, based on the algae portal, as well as the general aspects of biology and the methodologies used in this branch of marine biology. The second subject area focuses on the use of algae in environmental assessment, with an intensive implementation in Western economies and some emerging economies. The third topic is the potential use of algae in various industries including food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, agricultural fertilizers, and the emerging biofuels industries.
Download or read book Marine Chemical Ecology written by James B. McClintock and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-06-13 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interdisciplinary field of marine chemical ecology is an expanding and dynamic science. It is no surprise that the breadth of marine organisms studied expanded in concert with developments in underwater technology. With its up-to-date subject reviews by experts, Marine Chemical Ecology is the most current, comprehensive book on the subject. The
Download or read book Jellyfish Blooms written by Kylie A. Pitt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-04 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jellyfish are one of the most conspicuous animals in our oceans and are renowned for their propensity to form spectacular blooms. The unique features of the biology and ecology of jellyfish that enable them to bloom also make them successful invasive species and, in a few places around the world, jellyfish have become problematic. As man increasingly populates the world’s coastlines, interactions between humans and jellyfish are rising, often to the detriment of coastal-based industries such as tourism, fishing and power generation. However we must not lose sight of the fact that jellyfish have been forming blooms in the oceans for at least 500 million years, and are an essential component of normal, healthy ocean ecosystems. Here many of the world’s leading jellyfish experts explore the science behind jellyfish blooms. We examine the unique features of jellyfish biology and ecology that cause populations to ‘bloom and bust’, and, using case studies, we show why jellyfish are important to coastal and ocean ecosystem function. We outline strategies coastal managers can use to mitigate the effects of blooms on coastal industries thereby enabling humans to coexist with these fascinating creatures. Finally we highlight how jellyfish benefit society; providing us with food and one of the most biomedically-important compounds discovered in the 20th century.
Download or read book Interactions in the Marine Benthos written by Stephen J. Hawkins and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-08-29 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive account of how abiotic and biotic interactions shape patterns of coastal marine biodiversity and ecosystem processes globally.
Download or read book Constructional Morphology and Evolution written by Norbert Schmidt-Kittler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Constructional morphology explains features of organisms from a constructional and functional point of view. By means of physical analysis it explains the operational aspects of organic structures - how they can perform the activities organisms are expected to fulfil in order to survive in their environment. Constructional morphology also explains options and constraints during the evolution determined by internal constructional needs, ontogenetic demands, inherited organizational preconditions and environmental clues.
Download or read book Oceanography and Marine Biology written by S. J. Hawkins and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter 3 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 3.0 license. https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/tandfbis/rt-files/docs/Open+Access+Chapters/9781138318625_oachapter3.pdf Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review remains one of the most cited sources in marine science and oceanography. The ever increasing interest in work in oceanography and marine biology and its relevance to global environmental issues, especially global climate change and its impacts, creates a demand for authoritative reviews summarizing the results of recent research. OMBAR has catered to this demand since its foundation more than 50 years ago. Following the favourable reception and complimentary reviews accorded to all the volumes, Volume 56 continues to regard the marine sciences—with all their various aspects—as a unity. Physical, chemical, and biological aspects of marine science are dealt with by experts actively engaged in these fields, and every chapter is peer-reviewed by other experts working actively in the specific areas of interest. The series is an essential reference text for researchers and students in all fields of marine science and related subjects, and it finds a place in libraries of universities, marine laboratories, research institutes and government departments.
