Download or read book Predator and Environmental Effects on the Polymorphic Egg Masses of Spotted Salamanders Ambystoma Maculatum written by Simon Leslie King and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Adaptation to Acidification in Spotted Salamanders Ambystoma Maculatum written by Nicholas Gervais and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Declines in amphibian populations have been noted since the late 1980's with many of the causes linked to habitat contamination and destruction by natural and anthropogenic sources. Amphibians with bi-phasic life histories have been thought to be particularly vulnerable to negative environmental conditions but there is much evidence of their resilience and capacity to survive in degraded or contaminated environments. Larval amphibians in small permanent or ephemeral ponds may be particularly vulnerable to altered environmental conditions and may face the greatest pressure to adapt. In Chapter 1, I briefly review the evidence of amphibian declines and how populations may adapt to and overcome assorted negative environmental factors. In Chapter 2, I investigated the phenomenon of adaptation in a particular circumstance. I collected Spotted Salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) egg masses from a population breeding in a naturally acidic pond called Bat Lake, as well as four other populations living in lakes closer to pH neutral. To determine if the salamanders were adapted to their particular breeding lakes, I used common garden experiments in the lab where I raised larvae from each of the lakes in the waters from all the other lakes, as well as their own and compared the survival rates, size at metamorphosis and time to metamorphosis. Bat Lake larvae grew larger and survived longer in their acidic native breeding pond water than in the waters of other lakes suggesting they are adapted to their native pond waters. The larvae from the other lake populations showed similar results and fared better in their native waters than in the Bat Lake water. Based on these results, in Chapter 3, I tested if pH, specifically, was causal. I raised larvae from the five populations in waters of different pH (4.0, 5.5, 7.0), reasoning that if the Bat Lake population was more adapted to the high acidity compared to the other populations, the larvae from Bat Lake should demonstrate higher fitness correlates at lower pH than larvae of other populations. In this experiment, the Bat Lake larvae survived longer and grew larger in the highly acidic water than did larvae from the other populations. My results are consistent with natural selection for tolerance of low pH conditions tolerance among Bat Lake Spotted Salamander larvae and indicate that the salamanders from Bat Lake potentially exhibit signs of local adaption to the highly acidic conditions in which they live. This study was unable, however to prove whether this adaptation was due to evolutionary change, phenotypic plasticity, maternal effects or some other unknown factor. " --

Download or read book Influence of Water Chemistry and Predator Communities on the Egg Mass Polymorphism of Ambystoma Maculatum written by Gabriela Alexandra Cartaya Neufeld and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Predation and Mutualism written by Carl David Jacobsen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spotted Salamander Egg Masses Exhibit a Unique Internal Microbiome in Relation to Their Environment written by Elizabeth Leonard and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial studies have led to various ecological and medicinal discoveries. Amphibian eggs, like those of Ambystoma maculatum, exhibit natural resistance to bacterial invasion that may be microbiome related. The purpose of this research was to sequence the external and internal microbiome of A. maculatum egg masses and compare with the environmental microbiome. It was hypothesized that the external and internal microbiome would bear more similarity to each other than the water. A significant difference was observed between the microbiome of the inside surface of the egg mass and the water but not the outside surface of the egg and the water, suggesting that the internal environment consists of unique microbes possibly acquired through vertical transmission or interactions with other organisms.

Download or read book Spotted Salamander Egg Masses Exhibit a Unique Internal Microbiome in Relation to Their Environment written by Leonard, Elizabeth and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial studies have led to various ecological and medicinal discoveries. Amphibian eggs, like those of Ambystoma maculatum, exhibit natural resistance to bacterial invasion that may be microbiome related. The purpose of this research was to sequence the external and internal microbiome of A. maculatum egg masses and compare with the environmental microbiome. It was hypothesized that the external and internal microbiome would bear more similarity to each other than the water. A significant difference was observed between the microbiome of the inside surface of the egg mass and the water but not the outside surface of the egg and the water, suggesting that the internal environment consists of unique microbes possibly acquired through vertical transmission or interactions with other organisms.

Download or read book Effects of Atrazine on Egg Masses of the Yellow spotted Salamander Ambystoma Maculatum and Its Endosymbiotic Alga Oophila Amblystomatis written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effects of Parasites Metals and Environmental Conditions on Spotted Salamander Ambystoma Maculatum Populations Breeding in Northern Arkansas written by Heather M. DeMali and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Factors Affecting Spotted Salamander Breeding Pond Selection written by Patrick Yamnik and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Amphibian populations are experiencing rapid declines throughout the world that are apparently driven by habitat loss and fragmentation. Of particular concern is the rapid loss of wetland habitats which serve as critical breeding habitat for many amphibian species. For many species we don't really understand the habitat requirements for reproduction. Many wetlands, especially small isolated wetlands, are being lost and replace with mitigation wetlands that may not provide the same quality habitat as the natural wetlands they replace. The spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) is a key example of an amphibian species that relies on small isolated wetlands for breeding habitat. Although the spotted salamander is not endangered, it can be used as a surrogate to study habitat availability and breeding behavior. The objective of this study is to determine what characteristics of wetlands are determinants of their use by spotted salamanders for breeding. I measured eight variables for 40 ponds at the University of Mississippi Biological Field Station during 2007, including pH, canopy cover, emergent vegetation, submerged vegetation, distance to the nearest forest, hydroperiod, fish abundance, and larval mole salamander (Ambystoma talpodideum) abundance. I then correlated these variables using Spearman rank correlations and non-metric multidimensional scaling with spotted salamander egg mass density and larval survival. Emergent vegetation, hydroperiod, and larval mole salamander abundance all appeared to be positively correlated with spotted salamander egg mass deposition and larval survival. Of these factors, emergent vegetation and hydroperiod are likely to be factors affecting site selection, while the positive correlation with the mole salamander abundance is likely due to similar breeding habitat preference by two species. Because the presence of emerge vegetation appeared to be the most significant factor driving egg mass deposition, I chose to manipulate this variable in 30 ponds for the 2008 breeding season. Ten ponds were placed into each of the following treatments: increased emergement vegetation, decreased emergent vegetation, and no manipulation of emergent vegetation to determine if salamanders would switch ponds to maximize reproductive success. There was no significant difference in the change of egg mass counts between years for the treatments. The lack of change was likely due to fidelity to the breeding pond by adult salamanders. This study suggest that emergent vegetation and hydroperiod are important pond characteristics assessed by spotted salamanders but that adult salamanders may continue to see ponds after the pond characteristics are altered. Censuses of spotted salamanders using egg mass counts may not be the most sensitive measure of environmental change due to strong breeding site fidelity.

Download or read book Influence of Environmental Features on Spermatophore Placement in Spotted Salamanders ambystoma Maculatum written by Megan Kuechle and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Successful reproduction in salamanders is driven by behavioral, environmental, and temporal interactions among adults. While much of our understanding of salamander mating systems is based upon either courtship behavior of both sexes or aspects of female choice, the decisions made by males regarding where to place spermatophores is much less quantified. In this study, we mapped male spermatophore placement in the spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) with respect to ecological and spatial locations within a vernal pool complex in Charles City County, Virginia. The overall goal was to use the spatial and ecological placement of spermatophores to determine if individuals deposit spermatophores randomly within the vernal pool or if males exhibited specific preferences for deposition. Using comprehensive surveys of the vernal pools and individual spermatophores within a 0.5m2 grid and terrestrial LIDAR, a total of 218 spermatophores were identified and mapped. We repeated these surveys for two successive breeding seasons. Placement occurred at an intermediate depth and an intermediate distance to the edge. Males also preferred to place spermatophores on leaf substrate as opposed to sticks or conifer needles. The physical placement of spermatophores exhibited autocorrelation in space during single reproductive events as well as across breeding seasons. These results suggest that males actively select for specific locations within a pool for spermatophore placement-a proverbial Goldilocks zone-which may be consistent with increased reproductive success. This information is key to understanding salamander mating system parameters in this species and may contribute to developing more effective management strategies.

Download or read book Predator Diversity and Egg Mass Color in Four Populations of Ambystoma Maculatum in Northeast Alabama written by Lesley Elizabeth Hanson and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Predation of Eggs of the Spotted Salamander Ambystoma Maculatum by the Leech Macrobdella Decora written by David G. Cargo and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Antipredator Adaptations of Spotted Salamander Larvae Across a Geographic Gauntlet of Predation Risk written by Jessica Marie Rack and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effects of Environmental Temperature on Locomotor Performance and Growth Patterns in Spotted Salamander Ambystoma Maculatum written by Suellen Almeida and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effects of Acid Precipitation Upon the Hatching Rate of the Eggs and the Survival Rate of the Larvae of the Spotted Salamander Ambystoma Maculatum written by Karen Markel Howser and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Acid Precipitation on Embryonic Mortality of Spotted Salamanders Ambystoma Maculatum and Jefferson Salamanders Ambystoma Jeffersonianum in the Connecticut Valley of Massachusetts written by Robert Peter Cook and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effects of Herbicide Exposure on Spotted Salamander Egg Masses written by Heather Olivier and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: