Download or read book Precision Measurements of Neon Magnesium and Silicon Flux in Cosmic Rays with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station written by Huy Duc Phan and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Precise measurements of primary cosmic ray Neon, Magnesium and Silicon flux is important to understand the origins and propagation properties of heavy elements in the Galaxy. This thesis presents the measurements of Neon, Magnesium, and Silicon flux in the rigidity (momentum per unit charge) range from 2.15 GV to 3 TV, with 5.6 million Ne, Mg, and Si nuclei events collected during 7 years of AMS operation (2011- 2018). The three fluxes show identical rigidity dependence above 86.5 GV, deviating from a single power law and hardening at high rigidity above 200 GV. Surprisingly, the rigidity dependence of Neon, Magnesium, and Silicon flux is different from the rigidity dependence of primary nuclei Helium, Carbon and Oxygen, even though the two groups are both primaries produced at cosmic rays sources.

Download or read book Measurement of the Fluorine Sodium and Aluminum Fluxes in Cosmic Rays with the AMS Experiment on the International Space Station written by Xiaoting Qin (Scientist in physics) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Primary nuclei (He, C, O, Ne, Mg, Si, ...) are thought to be mainly produced and accelerated in astrophysical sources such as the supernova. Secondary nuclei (Li, Be, B, ...) are mostly produced by interactions of primary nuclei with the interstellar medium. Precise knowledge of the secondary-to-primary flux ratio, like B/C, is essential in the understanding of cosmic ray propagation. This thesis presents the first precision measurements of the heavy cosmic ray fluorine (F), sodium (Na), and aluminum (Al) fluxes in the rigidity range from 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV, based on data collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) during the first 8.5 years of operation. The F flux is believed to be the only pure secondary flux between oxygen and silicon, and Na and Al fluxes are thought to be produced both in astrophysical sources and by the collisions of heavier nuclei with the interstellar medium.

Download or read book High Energy Cosmic Rays written by Todor Stanev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers an accessible text and reference (a cosmic-ray manual) for graduate students entering the field and high-energy astrophysicists will find this an accessible cosmic-ray manual Easy to read for the general astronomer, the first part describes the standard model of cosmic rays based on our understanding of modern particle physics. Presents the acceleration scenario in some detail in supernovae explosions as well as in the passage of cosmic rays through the Galaxy. Compares experimental data in the atmosphere as well as underground are compared with theoretical models

Download or read book Lunar Sourcebook written by Grant Heiken and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1991-04-26 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only work to date to collect data gathered during the American and Soviet missions in an accessible and complete reference of current scientific and technical information about the Moon.

Download or read book Particle Dark Matter written by Gianfranco Bertone and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-07 with total page 763 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the dark matter problem in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology for graduate students and researchers.

Download or read book Lunar Science A Post Apollo View written by Stuart Ross Taylor and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-06-06 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lunar Science: A Post-Apollo View: Scientific Results and Insights from the Lunar Samples explains the scientific results and discoveries of the manned Apollo lunar missions as they are understood. The emphasis is less on sample description and data and more on the interpretative aspects of the study, with the aim of providing a coherent story of the evolution of the moon and its origin as revealed by the lunar samples and the Apollo missions. This text has seven chapters; the first of which provides a historical background of efforts to study the moon prior to the Apollo missions, including lunar photogeologic mapping and direct exploration by spacecraft. Attention then turns to the Apollo missions and the lunar samples collected, beginning with Apollo 11 that landed on the moon on July 20, 1969 and followed by more missions. The next chapter describes the geology of the moon, with emphasis on craters, central peaks and peak rings, the large ringed basins, rilles, and maria lava flows. The reader is also introduced to the nature of the lunar surface material, the maria basalts, the highlands, and the moon's interior. This book concludes with a discussion on the evidence that has been gathered by the Apollo missions that offers insights into the origin and evolution of the moon. An epilogue reflects on the usefulness of manned space flight. This book will appeal to lunar scientists as well as to those with an interest in astronomy and space exploration.

Download or read book Tracers in the Sea written by Wallace S. Broecker and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book New Views of the Moon written by Bradley L. Jolliff and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 60 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry assesses the current state of knowledge of lunar geoscience, given the data sets provided by missions of the 1990's, and lists remaining key questions as well as new ones for future exploration to address. It documents how a planet or moon other than the world on which we live can be studied and understood in light of integrated suites of specific kinds of information. The Moon is the only body other than Earth for which we have material samples of known geologic context for study. This volume seeks to show how the different kinds of information gained about the Moon relate to each other and also to learn from this experience, thus allowing more efficient planning for the exploration of other worlds.

Download or read book Measurement of the Cosmic Lepton and Electron Fluxes with the AMS Detector on Board of the International Space Station Monitoring of the Energy Measurement in the Calorimeter written by Li Tao and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is a particle detector installed on the International Space Station; it starts to record data since May 2011. The experiment aims to identify the nature of charged cosmic rays and photons and measure their fluxes in the energy range of GeV to TeV. These measurements enable us to refine the cosmic ray propagation models, to perform indirect research of dark matter and to search for primordial antimatter (anti-helium). In this context, the data of the first years have been utilized to measure the electron flux and lepton flux (electron + positron) in the energy range of 0.5 GeV to 700 GeV. Identification of electrons requires an electrons / protons separation power of the order of 104, which is acquired by combining the information from different sub-detectors of AMS, in particular the electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL), the tracker and the transition radiation detector (TRD). In this analysis, the numbers of electrons and leptons are estimated by fitting the distribution of the ECAL estimator and are verified using the TRD estimator: 11 million leptons are selected and analyzed. The systematic uncertainties are determined by changing the selection cuts and the fit procedure. The geometric acceptance of the detector and the selection efficiency are estimated thanks to simulated data. The differences observed on the control samples from data allow to correct the simulation. The systematic uncertainty associated to this correction is estimated by varying the control samples. In total, at 100 GeV (resp. 700 GeV), the statistic uncertainty of the lepton flux is 2% (30%) and the systematic uncertainty is 3% (40%). As the flux generally follows a power law as a function of energy, it is important to control the energy calibration. We have controlled in-situ the measurement of energy in the ECAL by comparing the electrons from flight data and from test beams, using in particular the E/p variable where p is momentum measured by the tracker. A second method of absolute calibration at low energy, independent from the tracker, is developed based on the geomagnetic cutoff effect. Two models of geomagnetic cutoff prediction, the Störmer approximation and the IGRF model, have been tested and compared. These two methods allow to control the energy calibration to a precision of 2% and to verify the stability of the ECAL performance with time.

Download or read book Beyond Earth written by Asif A. Siddiqi and published by National Aeronautis & Space Administration. This book was released on 2018 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a completely updated and revised version of a monograph published in 2002 by the NASA History Office under the original title Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes, 1958-2000. This new edition not only adds all events in robotic deep space exploration after 2000 and up to the end of 2016, but it also completely corrects and updates all accounts of missions from 1958 to 2000--Provided by publisher.

Download or read book Passages from a Relinquished Work From Mosses from an Old Manse written by Nathaniel Hawthorne and published by Good Press. This book was released on 2019-12-05 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Passages from a Relinquished Work (From "Mosses from an Old Manse")" by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Published by Good Press. Good Press publishes a wide range of titles that encompasses every genre. From well-known classics & literary fiction and non-fiction to forgotten−or yet undiscovered gems−of world literature, we issue the books that need to be read. Each Good Press edition has been meticulously edited and formatted to boost readability for all e-readers and devices. Our goal is to produce eBooks that are user-friendly and accessible to everyone in a high-quality digital format.

Download or read book Nuclear Physics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-02-25 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principal goals of the study were to articulate the scientific rationale and objectives of the field and then to take a long-term strategic view of U.S. nuclear science in the global context for setting future directions for the field. Nuclear Physics: Exploring the Heart of Matter provides a long-term assessment of an outlook for nuclear physics. The first phase of the report articulates the scientific rationale and objectives of the field, while the second phase provides a global context for the field and its long-term priorities and proposes a framework for progress through 2020 and beyond. In the second phase of the study, also developing a framework for progress through 2020 and beyond, the committee carefully considered the balance between universities and government facilities in terms of research and workforce development and the role of international collaborations in leveraging future investments. Nuclear physics today is a diverse field, encompassing research that spans dimensions from a tiny fraction of the volume of the individual particles (neutrons and protons) in the atomic nucleus to the enormous scales of astrophysical objects in the cosmos. Nuclear Physics: Exploring the Heart of Matter explains the research objectives, which include the desire not only to better understand the nature of matter interacting at the nuclear level, but also to describe the state of the universe that existed at the big bang. This report explains how the universe can now be studied in the most advanced colliding-beam accelerators, where strong forces are the dominant interactions, as well as the nature of neutrinos.

Download or read book Astronomy with Radioactivities written by Roland Diehl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-02 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the reader to the field of nuclear astrophysics, i.e. the acquisition and reading of measurements on unstable isotopes in different parts of the universe. The authors explain the role of radioactivities in astrophysics, discuss specific sources of cosmic isotopes and in which special regions they can be observed. More specifically, the authors address stars of different types, stellar explosions which terminate stellar evolutions, and other explosions triggered by mass transfers and instabilities in binary stars. They also address nuclear reactions and transport processes in interstellar space, in the contexts of cosmic rays and of chemical evolution. A special chapter is dedicated to the solar system which even provides material samples. The book also contains a description of key tools which astrophysicists employ in those particular studies and a glossary of key terms in astronomy with radioactivities.

Download or read book The New Nuclear Forensics written by Vitaly Fedchenko and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear material changes its form and properties as it moves through the nuclear fuel cycle, from one facility to another. Each step of the fuel cycle or each use of the material will inevitably leave its mark. The science of determining the history of a sample of nuclear material through the study of these characteristics is known as nuclear forensics. While nuclear forensic analysis has normally been associated with investigations and prosecutions in the contextof trafficking of nuclear materials or nuclear terrorism, it had wider applications in in national security contexts, such as nuclear non-proliferation, disarmament, and arms control. The New Nuclear Forensics is the first book to give a definitive guide to this broader definition of nuclear forensic analysis. This book describes the various methods used in nuclear forensics, giving first a broad introduction to the process followed by details of relevant measurement techniques and procedures. In each case, the advantages and limitations are outlined. To put these methods in context, the book also recounts the history of the discipline anddescribes the diverse contemporary applications of nuclear forensics.

Download or read book The Geochemistry of Stable Chlorine and Bromine Isotopes written by Hans Eggenkamp and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-25 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides detailed information on the history, analysis and applications of chlorine and bromine isotope geochemistry. Chlorine and bromine are geochemically unique as they prefer to exist as single charged negative ions. For this reason isotope fractionation reflects mostly processes that are not related to changes in the redox state and this fractionation is generally modest. The book will describe the processes that are most easily detected using these isotopes. Also isotope variations, and processes that cause them, measured in oxidised species such as perchlorates and in organic molecules will be described in this book.

Download or read book Deep Space Propulsion written by K. F. Long and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-25 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technology of the next few decades could possibly allow us to explore with robotic probes the closest stars outside our Solar System, and maybe even observe some of the recently discovered planets circling these stars. This book looks at the reasons for exploring our stellar neighbors and at the technologies we are developing to build space probes that can traverse the enormous distances between the stars. In order to reach the nearest stars, we must first develop a propulsion technology that would take our robotic probes there in a reasonable time. Such propulsion technology has radically different requirements from conventional chemical rockets, because of the enormous distances that must be crossed. Surprisingly, many propulsion schemes for interstellar travel have been suggested and await only practical engineering solutions and the political will to make them a reality. This is a result of the tremendous advances in astrophysics that have been made in recent decades and the perseverance and imagination of tenacious theoretical physicists. This book explores these different propulsion schemes – all based on current physics – and the challenges they present to physicists, engineers, and space exploration entrepreneurs. This book will be helpful to anyone who really wants to understand the principles behind and likely future course of interstellar travel and who wants to recognizes the distinctions between pure fantasy (such as Star Trek’s ‘warp drive’) and methods that are grounded in real physics and offer practical technological solutions for exploring the stars in the decades to come.

Download or read book Moon written by Viorel Badescu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-22 with total page 771 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Earth has limited material and energy resources. Further development of the humanity will require going beyond our planet for mining and use of extraterrestrial mineral resources and search of power sources. The exploitation of the natural resources of the Moon is a first natural step on this direction. Lunar materials may contribute to the betterment of conditions of people on Earth but they also may be used to establish permanent settlements on the Moon. This will allow developing new technologies, systems and flight operation techniques to continue space exploration. In fact, a new branch of human civilization could be established permanently on Moon in the next century. But, meantime, an inventory and proper social assessment of Moon’s prospective energy and material resources is required. This book investigates the possibilities and limitations of various systems supplying manned bases on Moon with energy and other vital resources. The book collects together recent proposals and innovative options and solutions. It is a useful source of condensed information for specialists involved in current and impending Moon-related activities and a good starting point for young researchers.