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Book Establishing Praise as a Conditioned Reinforcer

Download or read book Establishing Praise as a Conditioned Reinforcer written by Laura L. Dudley and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise and other forms of attention may not function as reinforcers for the behavior of many children with autism. Previous research demonstrated that pairing praise with an established reinforcer contingent on a response increased the rate of that response when only praise was delivered as the consequence. The purpose of the present study was to compare 2 contingent pairing conditions with 5 children with autism. In one condition, praise was paired with 1 reinforcer; in the other condition, praise was paired with 4 reinforcers. The effects of the 2 conditions were compared in a reversal design with "praise" and "no programmed consequence" conditions rapidly alternated before and after the two pairing conditions to control for antecedent discrimination. Compared to the "pair-with-one" condition, responding in the "pair-with-four" condition with 3 out of 5 participants showed higher levels, more increasing trends, and longer maintenance. The new response procedure was then used to determine if praise functioned as a conditioned reinforcer when provided contingent on a new response with 4 participants. For all 4 participants, contingent praise reinforced responding. The data analyzed in a multiple baseline across participants design demonstrated that both pairing procedures increased responding in the praise-only condition. The "pair-with-four" condition may be more effective in increasing and sustaining responding under praise conditions as it establishes praise as a generalized conditioned reinforcer freeing responding from a single establishing operation. Further analysis of the conditions under which praise becomes a reinforcer is warranted.

Book Praise as a Conditioned Reinforcer

Download or read book Praise as a Conditioned Reinforcer written by Jeanine Rinda Tanz and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We compared two pairing procedures (stimulus-stimulus and response-stimulus) to determine which procedure would be more effective in establishing praise as a conditioned reinforcer. Each pairing procedure involved pairing a previously neutral stimulus (praise statement) with an unconditioned reinforcer (highly preferred edible) to establish the neutral stimulus as a conditioned reinforcer. Investigators evaluated the procedures with each participant using a multielement design. Results of the current study indicate neither the stimulus-stimulus nor the response-stimulus pairing procedure was effective at conditioning praise as a reinforcer for three out of four participants. Conversely, the fourth participant acquired praise as a conditioned reinforcer in the absence of scheduled pairing during the treatment evaluation. These data do not support the effectiveness of one pairing procedure over the other for establishing praise as a conditioned reinforcer.

Book Conditioned Reinforcement and the Value of Praise in Children with Autism

Download or read book Conditioned Reinforcement and the Value of Praise in Children with Autism written by Ben Beus and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many efforts in teaching children with autism are focused on increasing the value of praise as a reward for work. Increasing the value of praise can help children with autism to work in a natural setting, without requiring constant rewards of food or toys for work. In this study, I analyzed a pairing method0́4a technique of providing verbal praise while simultaneously providing a food reward0́4to assess whether it would result in an increased value for praise for participants in the study. First, a baseline phase was conducted in which praise statements were provided as a reward for a certain task to see how quickly participants would engage in the task. In the next phase, a pairing condition was implemented in which participants were prompted to engage in the same task; food was provided along with praise as a reward for working on the given task. Finally, during the test phase, praise was again provided as the sole reward for the task, and I measured how quickly participants worked on the task to evaluate whether the value of praise had been increased. During the test phase two participants continued to engage in the task relatively quickly, suggesting that the value of praise had been increased for these two participants.

Book The Science of Learning

Download or read book The Science of Learning written by Joseph J. Pear and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2016-03-02 with total page 833 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For over a century and a quarter, the science of learning has expanded at an increasing rate and has achieved the status of a mature science. It has developed powerful methodologies and applications. The rise of this science has been so swift that other learning texts often overlook the fact that, like other mature sciences, the science of learning has developed a large body of knowledge. The Science of Learning comprehensively covers this knowledge in a readable and highly systematic manner. Methodology and application are discussed when relevant; however, these aspects are better appreciated after the reader has a firm grasp of the scientific knowledge of learning processes. Accordingly, the book begins with the most fundamental and well-established principles of the science and builds on the preceding material toward greater complexity. The connections of the material with other sciences, especially its sister science, biology, are referenced throughout. Through these frequent references to biology and evolution, the book keeps in the forefront the recognition that the principles of learning apply to all animals. Thus, in the final section the book brings together all learning principles studied in research settings by demonstrating their relevance to both animals and humans in their natural settings. For animals this is the untamed environment of their niches; for humans it is any social environment, for Homo sapiens is the social and learning animal par excellence.

Book Principles of Behavior

Download or read book Principles of Behavior written by Richard W. Malott and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-03-31 with total page 1021 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Known for both its narrative style and scientific rigor, Principles of Behavior is the premier introduction to behavior analysis. Through an exploration of experimental, applied, and theoretical concepts, the authors summarize the key conversations in the field. They bring the content to life using humorous and engaging language and show students how the principles of behavior relate to their everyday lives. The text’s tried-and-true pedagogy make the content as clear as possible without oversimplifying the concepts. Each chapter includes study objectives, key terms, and review questions that encourage students to check their understanding before moving on, and incorporated throughout the text are real-world examples and case studies to illustrate key concepts and principles. This edition features some significant organizational changes: the respondent conditioning chapter is now Chapter 1, a general introduction to operant conditioning is now covered in Chapters 2 and 3, and the introduction to research methods is now covered in Chapter 4. These changes were made to help instructors prepare students for starting a research project at the beginning of the course. Two new chapters include Chapter 5 on the philosophy supporting behavior analysis, and Chapter 24 on verbal behavior that introduces B.F. Skinner’s approach and terminology. This edition also features a new full-color design and over 400 color figures, tables, and graphs. Principles of Behavior is an essential resource for both introductory and intermediate courses in behavior analysis. It is carefully tailored to the length of a standard academic semester and how behavior analysis courses are taught, with each section corresponding to a week’s worth of coursework. The text can also function as the first step in a student’s journey into becoming a professional behavior analyst at the BA, MA, or PhD/EdD level. Each chapter of the text is integrated with the Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB) task list, serving as an excellent primer to many of the BACB tasks. The text is supported by a set of PowerPoint slides with figures, tables, and graphs for every chapter and a robust test bank with multiple choice, fill in the blank, matching, and short answer questions for every chapter for a total of over 1,500 questions.

Book Comparison of Conditioning Procedures to Condition Praise as a Reinforcer

Download or read book Comparison of Conditioning Procedures to Condition Praise as a Reinforcer written by Cynthia P. Livingston and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental disability characterized by social, behavioral, and communicative impairments. A primary characteristic of Autism includes impairment in social skills. Along the same lines, praise, defined as approval or admiration, does not always function as a reinforcer for this population. One way to address the absence of a reinforcement effect for praise is to condition praise as a reinforcer. The literature on conditioned reinforcement encompasses many procedural variations that have been shown to increase the reinforcing value of neutral stimuli. One such variation relatively new to the conditioned reinforcement literature includes observational conditioning. With observational conditioning, initially neutral stimulus are established as reinforcers through observation of others receiving an initially neural stimulus, contingent on some response, while the same neutral stimulus is restricted to the observer for engagement the same response. Few component analyses of observational conditioning procedures have been conducted. Identification of its key aspects and further clarification of its generality will improve understanding of the effect and lead to more reliable clinical endpoints. Given this, and the need for procedures focused on conditioning praise as a reinforcer for individuals with Autism, the purpose of the current proposal was twofold. The purpose of Study 1 was to compare the effects of the observational conditioning procedure to observational conditioning plus response restriction in children diagnosed with Autism. The purpose of Study 2 was to assess the effects of observational conditioning plus response restriction to condition praise as a reinforcer in children diagnosed with Autism.

Book An Introduction to Behavior Analysis

Download or read book An Introduction to Behavior Analysis written by Gregory J. Madden and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-02-02 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AN INTRODUCTION TO BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS Explore a fascinating introductory treatment of the principles of behavior analysis written by three leading voices in the field An Introduction to Behavior Analysis delivers an engaging and comprehensive introduction to the concepts and applications for graduate students of behavior analysis. Written from the ground up to capture and hold student interest, the book keeps its focus on practical issues. The book offers readers sound analyses of Pavlovian and operant learning, reinforcement and punishment, motivation and stimulus control, language and rule-following, decision-making and clinical behavior analysis. With fully up to date empirical research references and theoretical content, An Introduction to Behavior Analysis thoroughly justifies every principle it describes with empirical support and explicitly points out where more data are required. The text encourages students to analyze their own experiences and some foundational findings in the field in a way that minimizes jargon and maximizes engagement. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A clear articulation and defense of the philosophical assumptions and overarching goals of behavior analysis. A thorough description of objective data collection, experimental methods, and data analysis in the context of psychology An exploration of the core principles of behavior analysis, presented at a level comprehensible to an introductory audience A broad array of principles that cover issues as varied as language, substance-use disorders, and common psychological disorders Perfect for students taking their first course in behavior analysis or behavior modification, An Introduction to Behavior Analysis will also earn a place in the libraries of students pursuing certification through the Behavior Analysis Certification Board or taking courses in the applied psychological sciences.

Book Behavior Modification

Download or read book Behavior Modification written by Garry Martin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-02-05 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behavior Modification: What It Is and How to Do It is a comprehensive, practical presentation of the principles of behavior modification and guidelines for their application. Appropriate for university students and for the general reader, it teaches forms of behavior modification ranging from helping children learn necessary life skills to training pets, to solving personal behavior problems. It teaches practical "how-to" skills, including: discerning long-term effects; designing, implementing, and evaluating behavioral programs; interpreting behavioral episodes; observing and recording behaviors; and recognizing instances of reinforcement, extinction, and punishment. Behavior Modification is ideal for courses in Behavior Modification, Applied Behavior Analysis, Behavior Therapy, the Psychology of Learning, and related areas; and for students and practitioners of various helping professions (such as clinical psychology, counselling, education, medicine, nursing, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, psychiatric nursing, psychiatry, social work, speech therapy, and sport psychology) who are concerned directly with enhancing various forms of behavior development. The material is presented in an interesting, readable format that assumes no prior knowledge of behavior modification or psychology. Specific cases and examples clarify issues and make the principles real. Guidelines throughout provide a ready source to use as a reference in applying the principles.Online resources, including an instructor’s manual, are available at www.routledge.com/9780815366546.

Book Behavior Change in the Human Services

Download or read book Behavior Change in the Human Services written by Martin Sundel and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2017-01-13 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behavior Change in the Human Services, Sixth Edition continues to provide a systematic introduction and overview of behavioral and cognitive principles and their applications to a wide range of problems and situations encountered in the human service professions. Designed for students and practitioners, the book uses a unique problem-solving framework to demonstrate how behavior change principles can be applied to practice situations. Martin and Sandra Sundel feature a detailed and sequential organization that encourages readers to move progressively through material of increasing complexity and to conduct self-assessments of their knowledge. The Fifth Edition includes eight clinical case studies and many new and engaging examples that address issues such as substance abuse, child behavior problems, assertiveness, marital discord, and developing appropriate social behaviors. The expanded chapter on intervention techniques incorporates empirically tested behavioral and cognitive strategies for addressing clinical problems such as phobias, anxiety disorders, depression, and other behavioral disorders. Current developments and trends in the field are discussed, including the movement toward evidence-based practice. This comprehensive yet accessible text also features figures, charts, and forms to demonstrate data collection and analysis. Any student pursuing a career in the helping professions, including social work, psychology, counseling, special education, nursing, and psychiatry, will find this book valuable

Book Behavior Change in the Human Services

Download or read book Behavior Change in the Human Services written by Martin Sundel and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2017-01-13 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a unique behavioral assessment and treatment planning framework, the updated Sixth Edition provides a systematic overview of behavioral and cognitive principles and their applications to a wide range of issues and situations encountered in human services professions. Up-to-date practice examples drawn from eight diverse case studies illustrate the range and versatility of the behavior change approach in an increasingly diverse and multicultural society, while an innovative chapter on clinical applications of behavioral and cognitive intervention techniques also addresses current influences in the field. This edition embraces the rigorous empirical foundations that have made this approach such a significant contributor to the national and international therapeutic milieu of the 21st century.

Book Handbook of Applied Behavior Analysis

Download or read book Handbook of Applied Behavior Analysis written by Johnny L. Matson and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-04-29 with total page 1306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive coverage of applied behavioral analysis (ABA). It examines the history and training methods of ABA as well as related ethical and legal issues. The book discusses various aspects of reinforcement, including social reinforcers, tangible reinforcers, automatic reinforcement, thinning reinforcers, and behavioral momentum. It addresses basic training strategies, such as prompts and fadings, stimulus fading, and stimulus pairing and provides insights into auditory/visual discrimination, instructional feedback, generalization, error correction procedures, and response interruption. In addition, the book addresses the use of ABA in education and explores compliance training, on-task behavior, teaching play and social skills, listening and academic skills, technology, remembering and cognitions, picture-based instruction, foreign language instruction, teaching verbal behavior, public speaking, and vocational skills. In addition, the book covers treatments for tics, trichotillomania, stereotypies, self-injurious behavior, aggression, and toe walking. It also addresses ABA for special populations, including individuals with autism, ADHD, substance abuse, and intellectual disabilities. Featured areas of coverage include: Basic assessment methods, such as observing behavior, treatment integrity, social validation, evaluating physical activity, measuring sleep disturbances, preference assessment, and establishing criteria for skill mastery. Functional assessment, including how to quantify outcomes and evaluate results, behaviors that precede and are linked to target behaviors, and treatments. Treatment methods, such as token economies, discrete trial instruction, protective equipment, group-based and parent training as well as staff training and self-control procedures. Health issues, including dental and self-care, life skills, mealtime and feeding, telehealth, smoking reduction and cessation, and safety training. Leisure and social skills, such as cellphone use, gambling, teaching music, sports and physical fitness. The Handbook of Applied Behavior Analysis is a must-have reference for researchers, professors, and graduate students as well as clinicians, therapists, and other professionals in clinical child and school psychology, child and adolescent psychiatry, social work, behavioral therapy and rehabilitation, special education, developmental psychology, pediatrics, nursing, and all interrelated disciplines.

Book Evidence Based Treatment for Children with Autism

Download or read book Evidence Based Treatment for Children with Autism written by Doreen Granpeesheh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-08-22 with total page 667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual is a user-friendly, comprehensive description of the Center for Autism and Related Disorders (CARD) model of autism treatment—the latest scientific information on what truly works in treating autism in an integrated, organized, consumable format. The book details effective early behavioral intervention, covering topics such as challenging behavior, visual modification, parental involvement, improving language, cognition, and social skills, and ends with a section that explains how all of the treatments can be put together in real-life service provision organizations. The CARD model is highly comprehensive and provides useful clinical information to form cutting-edge treatment programs. Describes in detail the world-renowned, state-of-the-art CARD model of treatment for children with autism spectrum disorders Provides practitioners critical guidance in how to combine the best components into comprehensive treatment programs for individuals with autism that are not only backed by research, but also the most effective, and the least intrusive Includes practical information, presented in a user-friendly, professionally-oriented format, with tables, figures, and flowcharts to help guide real-life clinical decision making

Book The Power of Reinforcement

Download or read book The Power of Reinforcement written by Stephen Ray Flora and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2004 CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title According to Stephen Ray Flora, reinforcement is a very powerful tool for improving the human condition despite often being dismissed as regarding people as less than human and as "overly simplistic." This book addresses and defends the use of reinforcement principles against a wide variety of attacks. Countering the myths, criticisms, and misrepresentations of reinforcement, including false claims that reinforcement is "rat psychology," the author shows that building reinforcement theory on basic laboratory research is a strength, not a weakness, and allows unlimited applications to human situations as it promotes well-being and productivity. Also examined are reinforcement contingencies, planned or accidental, as they shape behavioral patterns and repertoires in a positive way.

Book Designing Teaching Strategies

Download or read book Designing Teaching Strategies written by R. Douglas Greer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-09-14 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US Dept. of Education, in conjunction with the US Dept. of Health and Human Services, recently unveiled a $50 million effort to expand research on early childhood cognitive development. A key issue identified requiring more information and research was the education and professional development of educators. Along these lines, Doug Greer has prepared a book discussing how best to teach, how to design functional curricula, and how to support teachers in using state-of-the-art science instruction materials. The book provides important information both to trainers of future teachers, current teachers, and to supervisors and policy makers in education. To trainers there is information on how to motivate, mentor, and instruct in-service teachers to use the best scientifically based teaching strategies and tactics. To in-service teachers, there is information on how to provide individualized instruction in classrooms with multiple learning and behavior problems, school interventions to help prevent vandalism and truancy, and how curricula and instruction can be designed to teach functional repetoirs rather than inert ideas. To policy makers and supervisors, the book discusses how to determine the effectiveness of curricular innitiatives toward meeting mandated standards in national assessments.Doug Greer was recently awarded the Fred S. Keller Award for Distinguished Contributions to Education by APA for the research and application of the material covered in this book. School programs incorporating the material used in this book have produced 4-7 times more learning outcomes for students than control and baseline educational programs (see www.cabas.com)The book provides research-based and field-tested procedures for:* Teaching students of all ability levels ranging from preschool to secondary school* How to teach special education students in the context of a regular classroom* Best practices for all teachers to teach more effectively* Means of monitoring and motivating teachers' practices * A comprehensive and system-wide science of teaching—post modern-postmodern!* Tested procedures that result in four to seven times more learning for allstudents* Tested procedures for supervisors to use with teachers that result insignificant student learning* Tested procedures for providing the highest accountability* A systems approach for schooling problems that provide solutions ratherthan blame* Parent approved and parent requested educational practices* Means for psychologists to work with teachers and students to solvebehavior and learning problems* A comprehensive systems science of schooling* An advanced and sophisticated science of pedagogy and curriculum design* Students who are not being served with traditional education can meet orexceed the performance of their more fortunate peers,* Supervisors can mentor teachers and therapists to provide state of thescience instruction* Parent education can create a professional setting for parents, educators,and therapists to work together in the best interests of the student,* Teachers and supervisors who measure as they teach produce significantlybetter outcomes for students,* Systemic solutions to instructional and behavioral problems involvingteachers, parents, supervisors provide means to pursue problems to theirsolution,* A science of teaching, as opposed to an art of teaching, can provide aneducational system that treats the students and the parents as the clients.

Book Multidisciplinary Economics

Download or read book Multidisciplinary Economics written by Piet Keizer and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses a series of orthodox and heterodox economic, sociological, and psychological approaches and analyses. Explains how orthodox economics has developed a so-called economic world, and constructs a methodologically comparable sociological and psychological world.

Book Comprehensive Behavior Management

Download or read book Comprehensive Behavior Management written by Ronald C. Martella and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2012 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rev. ed. of: Managing disruptive behaviors in the schools: Boston: Allyn and Bacon, c2003.

Book How Dogs Learn

    Book Details:
  • Author : Mary R. Burch
  • Publisher : Turner Publishing Company
  • Release : 2008-04-21
  • ISBN : 0470328517
  • Pages : 228 pages

Download or read book How Dogs Learn written by Mary R. Burch and published by Turner Publishing Company. This book was released on 2008-04-21 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "...this book should be on every animal trainer's bookshelf for future reference. How Dogs Learn covers the content of an undergraduate course in learning and behavior, but the examples are taken from dog training it is practical and very useful without sacrificing scientific and technical accuracy." --Jack Michael, PhD, Department of Psychology, Western Michigan University How Dogs Learn explore the fascinating science of operant conditioning, where science and dog training meet. How Dogs Learn explains the basic principles of behavior and how they can be used to teach your dog new skills, diagnose problems and eliminate unwanted behaviors. It's for anyone who wants to better understand the learning process in dogs. Every concept is laid out clearly and precisely, and its relevance to your dog and how you train is explained. A Howell Dog Book of Distinction