Download or read book Post transcriptional Regulation During Spermatogenesis written by Mai Nguyen Chi and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spermatogenesis, the elaborate process by which sperm are produced, is marked by dramatic proliferation and differentiation. During the late steps of spermatogenesis, transcription suddenly ceases prior the end of differentiation, because of drastic epigenetic modifications that result in chromatin compaction. Thus, haploid germ cells make use of extensive temporal mRNA storage and translation regulation to ensure stage-specific protein synthesis. Factors and cellular compartments involved in these post-transcriptional controls are still poorly understood. During my PhD, I hypothesized that the two RNA binding proteins HuR/ELAVL1 and AUF1/hnRNP D, might play a role in these controls. They bind AU-rich element-containing mRNAs (ARE-mRNAs) in somatic cells and regulate their stability and translation: HuR protects ARE-mRNAs from degradation and favours their translation, whereas AUF1 usually induces their degradation. First, to investigate the contribution of HuR and AUF1 to the post-transcriptional mechanisms occurring in germ cells, I used transgenic mice derived in our laboratory overexpressing HuR (HuRtg) and AUF1 (AUF1tg) in their testes. Strikingly, whereas spermatogenesis proceeded normally in AUF1tg mice, HuR overexpression impaired spermatogenesis, revealing the importance of a regulated expression of HuR to fulfill male germ cell differentiation. The comparative analysis of AU-transcriptome of pre-pubertal wild type testes with that of HuRtg and AUF1tg testes, combined with computational analyses and RNA/Protein immunoprecipitation experiments, revealed that these two proteins regulate different targets mRNAs and thus exhibit different activities...
Download or read book Post transcriptional Regulation of Spermatogenesis in Caenorhabditis Elegans written by Cameron M. Luitjens and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book TARBP2 Mediated Post Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression During Murine Embryonic Development and Spermatogenesis written by Sri Ramulu N. Pullagura and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Post transcriptional Processing and the Endocrine System written by Shern L. Chew and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Not much research has been done on the regulation of post-transcriptional events, much more is known about transcription. This book illustrates how hormones may influence post-transcriptional nuclear events and that some post-transcriptional modification is a requirement for the expression and function of most higher eukaryotic genes. Topics such as the regulation of pre-mRNA splicing by hormonal signals and tissue-specific mechanisms, pre-mRNA processing during spermatogenesis, to the link between the cell cycle and splicing, the role of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in the function of the basal splicing machinery, RNA editing, the neuroendocrine regulation of polyadenylation all contribute to make up this volume. If you are an endocrinologist searching for interesting and important answers unearthed by RNA experiments, this book provides them.
Download or read book The Genetic Basis of Male Infertility written by Ken McElreavey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-03 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every year there are new and exciting developments in assisted human reproduction, but how much do we really know about the underlying causes of infertility? This volume explores recent progress in the understanding of the genetics of spermatogenesis and male infertility. Topics include fundamental advances and current problems in the development and function of the testis, an outline of clinical findings in male infertility and an overview of the role of the Y chromosome in male fertility. Comprehensive critiques of posttranscriptional control during spermatogenesis, mammalian meiotic sterility, and comparative genetics of human spermatogenesis from the perspective of yeast, Drosophila and mice provide a global overview of the field.
Download or read book Expression and Function of Small Non coding Ribonucleic Acids in the Mouse Testis written by Rui Song and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spermatogenesis is complex and fascinating process of differentiation. It starts with the renewal of the rare spermatogonial stem cells, followed by the proliferation of differentiated spermatogonia. The latter cells form primary spermatocytes, which enter a prolonged meiotic prophase to effect pairing of homologous chromosomes and genetic recombination. With the two reduction divisions and random segregation of chromosomes, spermatocytes yield haploid spermatids. Then, during spermiogenesis, the spermatids form the mature spermatozoa through a remarkable sequence of differentiation that includes chromatin condensation, nucleus reorganization, acrosome formation, and tail assembling. Given the complexity of spermatogenesis, the normal development of male germ cells requires the accurate regulation of gene expression. Small non-coding RNAs including microRNAs (miRNAs), piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), and endogenous small interfering RNAs (endo-siRNAs) can regulate gene expression especially at the post-transcriptional level. It is intriguing to study whether these small RNAs have function in spermatogenesis. Using mouse as a research model, we found that all three types of small RNAs are abundantly expressed in testis. In late spermatocytes, when meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI) takes place and the transcription of all protein-coding genes on the X and Y chromosomes ceases, our data showed that the miRNA genes on X chromosomes are still actively transcribed, suggesting that these miRNAs may function in MSCI or gene regulation in post-meiotic stages. During spermiogenesis, the most featured post-transcriptional regulation is that spermatid-specific mRNAs are sequestrated in ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) of early spermatids until their translation in polyribosomes (polysomes) of late spermatids. We showed that miRNAs are involved in this post-transcriptional regulation by repressing mRNA translation in RNPs and activating mRNA translation in polysomes. We showed that piRNAs are abundantly expressed during spermatogenesis, especially in pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids. Our data also revealed that hundreds or even thousands of piRNAs from a single piRNA gene cluster can be produced from one single long transcript, which provides essential preliminary data for the future study of piRNA biogenesis. We first indentified endo-siRNAs in the mouse testis, and bioinformatic analysis showed that these endo-siRNAs are likely derived from naturally occurring long double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). In addition to their roles as post-transcriptional regulators, endo-siRNAs may function as epigenetic regulators at the transcriptional level. Overall, we showed that all three types of small RNAs are abundantly expressed in male germ cells and they are involved in gene regulation during spermatogenesis. Our work will benefit the deeper understanding of spermatogenesis and male fertility.
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation During Spermatogenesis written by Tim L. Kroft and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I also investigated the possibility that mldhc transcriptional repression in somatic tissues is mediated by hypermethylation of CpG dinucleotides. I show that CpG dinucleotides within a fragment of the mldhc promoter containing a GC box and tandem activating transcription factor/cAMP-responsive element binding sites are hypermethylated in somatic tissues and hypomethylated in testis. Methylation of the activating transcription factor/cAMP-responsive elements altered protein binding in liver but not testis nuclear extract. Furthermore, methylation silenced the mldhc promoter in a transient transfection assay. My results suggest tissue-specific differential methylation plays a role in mldhc silencing.
Download or read book Regulation of Gene Expression During Spermatogenesis written by Barbara Jo Stallard and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Post Transcriptional Regulation by STAR Proteins written by Talila Volk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-11 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the available information on the structure of the RNA binding STAR domain and provides insights into how these proteins discriminate between different RNA targets. It reviews what is known about STAR proteins and human disease.
Download or read book Germline Stem Cells written by Steven X. Hou and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2014-10-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this comprehensive and cutting-edge book, leading experts explore the parameters that define germline stem cells and the mechanisms that regulate the cell behavior in order to better isolate, characterize and maintain them. The volume begins by providing protocols for germline stem cell identification and regulation in model organisms, and concludes with detailed chapters covering current techniques involving in vitro culture and the applications of the cells.
Download or read book Transcriptional and Post Transcriptional Regulations of Cell Junction Proteins in Mammalian Testes written by 施潔玲 and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulations of Cell Junction Proteins in Mammalian Testes" by 施潔玲, Kit-ling, Sze, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND POST- TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATIONS OF CELL JUNCTION PROTEINS IN MAMMALIAN TESTES submitted by Kit Ling Sze for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in August 2007 Spermatogenesis is a multi-step process in which haploid spermatozoa are produced from germline spermatogonia. This process is physiologically important for the survival of a species. During this process, developing germ cells remain attached to Sertoli cells for nutritional and structural support. At the same time, they must traverse from the basal to the adluminal compartment of the seminiferous epithelium for further development. It is conceivable that extensive junction restructuring takes place at the Sertoli-Sertoli and Sertoli-germ cell interfaces in the seminiferous epithelium to facilitate germ cell movement during the seminiferous epithelial cycle of spermatogenesis. The assembly of cell junctions at the cell-cell interface rely largely on the expression of the junction proteins, in particular tight junction (TJ) proteins and adherens junction (AJ) proteins. Yet, the molecular mechanisms that govern the expression of junction proteins in the testis, particularly, at transcriptional level, are still lacking. Transcription is the initial step for mRNA synthesis whereas post- transcriptional event determines the eventual abundance of mRNA transcripts available in Sertoli and/or germ cells for protein translation. In this dissertation, the regulatory mechanisms of two junction proteins, nectin-2 and coxsackie- and adenovirus receptor-like membrane protein (CLMP), were studied. It was demonstrated that the transcriptional regulation of nectin-2, an adherens junction protein, was controlled by an array of transcription factors. These transcription factors, including cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB), c- Jun and specific protein 1 (Sp1) family proteins, functionally cooperated with one another to modulate nectin-2 expression in Sertoli cells. In particular, the cyclic expressions of CREB and nectin-2 coincided with the events of AJ restructuring during spermatogenesis, suggesting that cyclic expression of transcription factors might directly mediate stage-specific expression of junction proteins in the testis. CLMP is a novel TJ transmembrane protein and its role in the testis is largely unknown. Using immunofluorescence staining, it was demonstrated that CLMP co- localized with ZO-1 at the blood-testis barrier (BTB), implicating its importance in TJ dynamics. It was shown that the basal gene transcription of CLMP was mediated via the functional cooperation between the GATA and Sp1/Kruppel-like factor families. In addition, it was revealed that Sp1 suppressed KLF-mediated CLMP transactivation probably via a competitive mechanism. Collectively, these results have illustrated that junction dynamics in testes are controlled precisely via differential interactions of multiple transcription factors. It is known that the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-mediated BTB disruption is accompanied by a decrease in the expression of several TJ-associated proteins. It was shown that the expression of CLMP was significantly reduced upon TNFα treatment. Using actinomycin chase analysis, it was revealed that TNFα reduced CLMP mRNA stability via JNK signaling pathw
Download or read book Gene Regulation During Spermatogenesis written by Murray O. Robinson and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Textbook of Clinical Embryology written by Kevin Coward and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-10-31 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The success of Assisted Reproductive Technology is critically dependent upon the use of well optimized protocols, based upon sound scientific reasoning, empirical observations and evidence of clinical efficacy. Recently, the treatment of infertility has experienced a revolution, with the routine adoption of increasingly specialized molecular biological techniques and advanced methods for the manipulation of gametes and embryos. This textbook – inspired by the postgraduate degree program at the University of Oxford – guides students through the multidisciplinary syllabus essential to ART laboratory practice, from basic culture techniques and micromanipulation to laboratory management and quality assurance, and from endocrinology to molecular biology and research methods. Written for all levels of IVF practitioners, reproductive biologists and technologists involved in human reproductive science, it can be used as a reference manual for all IVF labs and as a textbook by undergraduates, advanced students, scientists and professionals involved in gamete, embryo or stem cell biology.
Download or read book Post transcriptional Regulation of Fem 3 a Sex Determining Gene of C Elegans written by Julie Ahringer and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sperm specific Development in the Mouse Post transcriptional Regulation of Protamine 1 and Identification of a CDNA Clone Encoding Mitochondrial Capsular Seleno protein written by Jean A. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Infertility in the Male written by Larry I. Lipshultz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-09-24 with total page 691 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new edition of this canonical text on male reproductive medicine will cement the book's market-leading position. Practitioners across many specialties - including urologists, gynecologists, reproductive endocrinologists, medical endocrinologists and many in internal medicine and family practice – will see men with suboptimal fertility and reproductive problems. The book provides an excellent source of timely, well-considered information for those training in this young and rapidly evolving field. While several recent books provide targeted 'cookbooks' for those in a male reproductive laboratory, or quick reference for practising generalists, the modern, comprehensive reference providing both a background for male reproductive medicine as well as clinical practice information based on that foundation has been lacking until now. The book has been extensively revised with a particular focus on modern molecular medicine. Appropriate therapeutic interventions are highlighted throughout.
Download or read book Transcriptional Down Regulation of Spermatogenesis Genes in Drosophila Interspecies Hybrids written by Vignesh Sundararajan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
