Download or read book Positional Behavior in Bonobos Pan Paniscus written by Sarah Kathleen Adamson and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The transition to habitual bipedalism in early hominins is one of the most studied phenomena in anthropology. Age, sex, and location are three characteristics that have been cited as influencing the positional and locomotor behavior of several species of primates. In order to better understand the reasons bipedality arose in early hominins, we need to examine the behavior of our closest living relatives: the great apes. This study examines the bipedal (aided, unaided, and crouched) locomotor and positional behavior of two groups (n=16 and n=7) of captive bonobos (Pan paniscus). The groups are subdivided into age classes: 13 adults (age 12+), 5 subadults (age 5-11), and 5 infants (age 0-4). Differences in age, sex, arboreality, and activity are examined in relation to frequency of bipedal behavior. Bonobos at the Columbus zoo were neither more bipedal nor more arboreal than bonobos at the Cincinnati zoo, despite more opportunity for arboreality. At both locations, females and infants are found to be more arboreal than males (p=0.016) and adults (p
Download or read book Positional Behavior in a Group of Pygmy Chimpanzees Pan Paniscus written by Patricia Lyn Flower and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bonobos written by Brian Hare and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-20 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bonobo, along with the chimpanzee, is one of our two closest living relatives. Their relatively narrow geographic range (south of the Congo River in the Democratic Republic of Congo) combined with the history of political instability in the region, has made their scientific study extremely difficult. In contrast, there are dozens of wild and captive sites where research has been conducted for decades with chimpanzees. Because data sets on bonobos have been so hard to obtain and so few large-scale studies have been published, the majority of researchers have treated chimpanzee data as being representative of both species. However, this misconception is now rapidly changing. With relative stability in the DRC for over a decade and a growing community of bonobos living in zoos and sanctuaries internationally, there has been an explosion of scientific interest in the bonobo with dozens of high impact publications focusing on this fascinating species. This research has revealed exactly how unique bonobos are in their brains and behavior, and reminds us why it is so important that we redouble our efforts to protect the few remaining wild populations of this iconic and highly endangered great ape species.
Download or read book Bonobo Cognition and Behaviour written by Brian Hare and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2015-11-30 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume includes twelve novel empirical papers focusing on the behaviour and cognition of both captive and wild bonobos (Pan paniscus). Overall it demonstrates how anyone interested in understanding humans or chimpanzees must also know bonobos.
Download or read book Bonobo written by Frans B. M. de Waal and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-11-10 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This remarkable primate with the curious name is challenging established views on human evolution. The bonobo, least known of the great apes, is a female-centered, egalitarian species that has been dubbed the "make-love-not-war" primate by specialists. In bonobo society, females form alliances to intimidate males, sexual behavior (in virtually every partner combination) replaces aggression and serves many social functions, and unrelated groups mingle instead of fighting. The species's most striking achievement is not tool use or warfare but sensitivity to others. In the first book to combine and compare data from captivity and the field, Frans de Waal, a world-renowned primatologist, and Frans Lanting, an internationally acclaimed wildlife photographer, present the most up-to-date perspective available on the bonobo. Focusing on social organization, de Waal compares the bonobo with its better-known relative, the chimpanzee. The bonobo's relatively nonviolent behavior and the tendency for females to dominate males confront the evolutionary models derived from observing the chimpanzee's male power politics, cooperative hunting, and intergroup warfare. Further, the bonobo's frequent, imaginative sexual contacts, along with its low reproduction rate, belie any notion that the sole natural purpose of sex is procreation. Humans share over 98 percent of their genetic material with the bonobo and the chimpanzee. Is it possible that the peaceable bonobo has retained traits of our common ancestor that we find hard to recognize in ourselves? Eight superb full-color photo essays offer a rare view of the bonobo in its native habitat in the rain forests of Zaire as well as in zoos and research facilities. Additional photographs and highlighted interviews with leading bonobo experts complement the text. This book points the way to viable alternatives to male-based models of human evolution and will add considerably to debates on the origin of our species. Anyone interested in primates, gender issues, evolutionary psychology, and exceptional wildlife photography will find a fascinating companion in Bonobo: The Forgotten Ape.
Download or read book The Bonobos written by Takeshi Furuichi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-24 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once one of the least studied of the great apes, this new text covers the latest research into these fascinating creatures. Split into two parts, it covers scientific research, which has attempted to answer why bonobos have some unique characteristics such as high social status of females and flexible social relationships. Then, it moves on to conservation. Both the local and global aspects of the factors threatening the wild bonobo population are reviewed.
Download or read book Behavioural Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos written by Christophe Boesch and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-08 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus), otherwise known as pygmy chimpanzees, are the only two species of the genus Pan. As they are our nearest relatives, there has been much research devoted to investigating the similarities and differences between them. This book offers an extensive review of the most recent observations to come from field studies on the diversity of Pan social behaviour, with contributions from many of the world's leading experts in this field. A wide range of social behaviours is discussed including tool use, hunting, reproductive strategies and conflict management as well as demographic variables and ecological constraints. In addition to interspecies behavioural diversity, this text describes exciting new research into variations between different populations of the same species. Researchers and students working in the fields of primatology, anthropology and zoology will find this a fascinating read.
Download or read book Bonobo and Chimpanzee written by Takeshi Furuichi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-22 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the similarities and differences between two species, bonobos and chimpanzees, based on the three decades the author has spent studying them in the wild, and shows how the contrasting nature of these two species is also reflected in human nature. The most important differences between bonobos and chimpanzees, our closest relatives, are the social mechanisms of coexistence in group life. Chimpanzees are known as a fairly despotic species in which the males exclusively dominate over the females, and maintain a rigid hierarchy. Chimpanzees have developed social intelligence to survive severe competition among males: by upholding the hierarchy of dominance, they can usually preserve peaceful relations among group members. In contrast, female bonobos have the same or even a higher social status than males. By evolving pseudo-estrus during their non-reproductive period, females have succeeded in moderating inter-male sexual competition, and in initiating mate selection. Although they are non-related in male-philopatric society, they usually aggregate in a group, enjoy priority access to food, determine which male is the alpha male, and generally maintain much more peaceful social relations compared to chimpanzees. Lastly, by identifying key mechanisms of social coexistence in these two species, the author also seeks to find solutions or “hope” for the peaceful coexistence of human beings. "Takeshi Furuichi is one of very few scientists in the world familiar with both chimpanzees and bonobos. In lively prose, reflecting personal experience with apes in the rain forest, he compares our two closest relatives and explains the striking differences between the male- dominated and territorial chimpanzees and the female-centered gentle bonobos." Frans de Waal, author of Mama’s Last Hug - Animal Emotions and What They Tell Us about Ourselves (Norton, 2019)
Download or read book Bonobo written by Frans B. M. Waal and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ""Bonobo" provides a tantalizing introduction to the natural history of one of our closest living relatives and uniquely enhances our understanding of our own place in nature" (Donald Johanson). "How nice to have the peaceable, sexy bonobo added to the path of human evolution! Bonobos represent the silver lining in our ape heritage" (Meredith Small). 75 color plates. 9 photos. 9 maps & drawings.
Download or read book Bonobos written by Hare & Yamamoto and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Ontogeny of Play in Infant Female Bonobos Pan Paniscus written by Alison E. Cook and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Female Relationships in Bonobos Pan Paniscus written by Amy Randall Parish and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Functional Aspects of the Ankle and Foot During the Locomotor and Postural Behaviors of Bonobos Chimpanzees and Gorillas A Focus on Captive Animals written by Matthew G. Nowak and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Instantaneous focal animal sampling, with the help of digital recording equipment, was used to record the ankle and foot positions of African apes in three zoological parks (Brookfield Zoo, Columbus Zoo and Aquarium, and Lincoln Park Zoo), with complex substrates during routine behaviors. In total 12 bonobos, 7 chimpanzees, and 6 gorillas were followed, resulting in 216 hours (72 hours per species) of study and 10, 070 usable instantaneous samples. Data was statistically analyzed using chi-square tests.
Download or read book Chimpanzee and Pygmy Chimpanzee Positional Behavior written by Diane Mary Doran and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Ontogeny of Positional Behavior in Captive Chimpanzees Pan Troglodytes written by Melanie L. Schwandt and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Positional Behavior in Primates written by Kathleen Scott (M.N.S.) and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Self directed Behaviors Handedness Lateralization in the Bonobo Pan Paniscus written by Elysa Anne Everson and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bonobo, Pan paniscus, originated from central African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) 1-2 million years ago and has been used as a model for the ancestral human condition. This study focuses on the handedness and directional lateralization of a set of behaviors known as self-directed behaviors, which are often used as an index of emotional arousal with regards to the stress response. They arise from unconscious defense mechanisms that are thought to serve as arousal-inhibiting systems within the central nervous system during the stress response. This study was based on the nonintrusive videotaping of a group of 10 captive bonobos living at the San Diego Zoo during two periods about ten years apart. 1,174 self-directed behavior events were identified and micro-analyzed, in nearly 20 hours of recorded observation. The directional laterality and population-level handedness for each self-directed behaviors were calculated, along with individual handedness scores for each bonobo, which were compared to the handedness scores reported previously by others for these same individuals. It was predicted that, on an individual level, there would be a shift away from symmetrical control in the brain of self-directed behaviors. This prediction was confirmed by the observation of several significant individual-level preference determinations in the execution of self-directed behaviors, presumably reflecting a corresponding asymmetrical functional lateralization in the cerebral management of stress. Significant population-level handedness was neither expected nor observed, confirming a lack of population-level bias in this species and supporting the idea that the alignment of lateralization may not be under selective pressure.
