Download or read book Population Genetic Differentiation Mating System and Effective Population Size of the Tuliptree Liriodendron Tulipifera L in the Mid Atlantic United States written by Ricardo Gutierrez Ozuna and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter 1 describes the development and validation of novel L. tulipifera genomic microsatellite (SSR) genetic marker loci using high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics methods. These new SSR markers facilitated empirical study of population genetic patterns in L. tulipifera. Chapter 2 compares the population genetic differentiation and the mating system among old-growth forests and urban forest patches. L. tulipifera population genetic differentiation in the mid-Atlantic U.S. was characterized by a pattern of isolation by distance (IBD), suggesting that urbanization has not had a major impact on regional genetic differentiation patterns which have evolved over hundreds of generations in the past. Despite marked environmental differences between old-growth and urban forest, all populations shared a fully outcrossed mating system without any variation in self-fertilization that can accompany loss of pollinators. Chapter 3 compares the strength of random genetic drift estimated from the effective number of breeders (Nb) from seedlings and from mixed-age reproductively mature trees (Ne {mixed ages}). These two sampling methods showed similar and small effective population sizes, suggesting genetic drift is a major determinant of polymorphism within populations and of genetic differentiation among populations.
Download or read book The Demographic Genetics of an Appalachian Stand of Liriodendron Tulipifera L written by Milton Kanashiro and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temporal and spatial genetic comparisons were made in an appalachian stand of Liriodendron tulipifera L. (tulip tree). The population was stratified into five age clsses, and allele frequencies were tested by homogeneity chi-square test within and among plots. The homogeneity in allee frequencies were also evaluated for plot and subplot differences, et different age levels. Results revealed that the population of tulip tree is structured in time and space: however, neither one was recognized as a result of the natural selection process. The lack of consistent patterns for differences in allele frequencies for age classes does not support evidence of selection. One possible constraint ay be the presence of rare alleles. Another explanation may be the presencebetween genetic and statistical sampling at different life cycle stages. The susbstructure in space in much stronger than in time significant differences in allele frequencies at different coli for plts within age classes suggest that the population in substructure at the subplot level. The substructure is more likely to be associated with the epecies'reproductive biological characteristics such as mixed mating systems, and/or limited gene flow.
Download or read book Genetic and Phenotypic Differentiation in Impatiens Capensis Meerb in Riverine Networks written by Rachel H. Toczydlowski and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenic activities continue to erode and fragment habitats, creating a patchwork landscape that threatens the long-term persistence of many populations and some species. Subsequent genetic isolation, low genetic variation, and small effective population sizes can increase inbreeding or otherwise limit adaptive potential of populations. However, genetic isolation can also facilitate local adaptation by restricting the introduction of maladapted alleles and homogenization of the regional gene pool. In this dissertation, I seek to understand how gene flow, adaptive divergence, and inbreeding interact in natural populations subject to habitat fragmentation. I studied patterns of phenotypic and molecular genetic variation and divergence within and among populations of Impatiens capensis, a common, native, annual herb with a mixed mating system. I focused on 12 populations occurring in small, remnant, floodplain forests, marshes, and lowland forests that were surrounded by an agricultural/urban matrix. These study populations were nested within four river systems divided between two major watersheds in Wisconsin, USA. I genotyped 24-25 individuals in each population at 12,856 SNPs using genotyping-by-sequencing to characterize patterns of molecular genetic differentiation among these populations and identified potential landscape drivers of differentiation. Genetic isolation and drift appear to play a strong role in structuring these populations. Limited gene flow may occur along rivers, but overall population differentiation was high (FST = 0.32). Population-level inbreeding (FIS = 0.2-0.9) was higher in smaller, more isolated populations. I next investigated how plasticity and potentially adaptive genetic differentiation interact to drive patterns of phenotypic differentiation by comparing morphological and reproductive traits of maternal plants within wild populations to those of their self-fertilized progeny grown in a common garden. Populations showed strong phenotypic divergence in their home environments but converged considerably in the common garden. Nevertheless, differences in morphology, survival, and reproduction remained. Phenotypic differentiation covaried with environmental gradients in expected ways suggesting both adaptive plasticity and local adaptation. Finally, I studied how maternal and progeny fitness relate to variation in individual, maternal, and population-level inbreeding. Progeny from chasmogamous seeds (CH - potentially outcrossed) were larger and produced more seed capsules than progeny from cleistogamous seeds (CL - selfed) in the common garden demonstrating inbreeding depression. In outbred populations, reproductive output increased with maternal heterozygosity, as expected, but this relationship reversed in more inbred populations, both for mothers in their home environments and for their progeny in the common garden. These results suggest inbred I. capensis populations have only a limited capacity to purge (or fully fix) their genetic load. In rapidly changing environments, species must migrate or genetically adapt. Habitat fragmentation limits both processes, potentially compromising the ability of species to persist in fragmented landscapes.
Download or read book Ecological Regions of North America written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume represents a first attempt at holistically classifying and mapping ecological regions across all three countries of the North American continent. A common analytical methodology is used to examine North American ecology at multiple scales, from large continental ecosystems to subdivisions of these that correlate more detailed physical and biological settings with human activities on two levels of successively smaller units. The volume begins with an overview of North America from an ecological perspective, concepts of ecological regionalization. This is followed by descriptions of the 15 broad ecological regions, including information on physical and biological setting and human activities. The final section presents case studies in applications of the ecological characterization methodology to environmental issues. The appendix includes a list of common and scientific names of selected species characteristic of the ecological regions.
Download or read book Multiple Paternity of Caretta Caretta Within the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean Population on Wassaw Island GA written by Jacob Lasala and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Author's abstract: Characterizing the mating system of a species is important for understanding demography and population dynamics and can contribute information to conservation efforts. Mating systems can impact the ecology, evolution, effective population size and genetic variability of a species. Polyandry, resulting in multiple paternity can influence the maintenance of genetic variation within a population. Within Testudines, the frequency of multiple paternity varies extensively among species (0-100% of nests). Previous studies on the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) have shown that within the large management unit of peninsular Florida, multiple paternity occurs in approximately 30% of nests. This study examines nests from the smaller and more endangered northern management unit. The primary objectives of this study are to determine if multiple paternity exists in Georgia's smaller nesting population and determine if the percentage of nests with multiple fathers differs significantly from previous studies. Secondary objectives are to compare the incidence of multiple paternity over multiple years, determine if multiple paternity varies over the course of the nesting period. Our final objectives were to determine the relationship between the number of fathers per nest and female size (straight carapace length), as well as hatching success and to determine how many males are actually contributing to this nesting population. Mothers and offspring (up to 20) were initially sampled from more than 90 nests over three nesting seasons on Wassaw Island, GA (2008-2010). We found that multiple fathers contribute to 75% of nests over the three years. There is a difference in number of fathers per nest with relation to the year, but there is no relationship between the number of fathers per nest and the nesting period. There is a positive relationship between female size (SCL) and the number of fathers per nest. There is no relationship between the number of fathers contributing to a clutch and hatching success. Finally I found a total of 195 male genotypes over the course of the study, resulting in a sex ratio of 2.7 males per 1 nesting female. Every male genotype that I discovered only contributed to one nest over the three years samples, indicating there is a large number of males contributing to this nesting population.
Download or read book Wildland Fire in Ecosystems written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Once and Future Forest written by Leslie Sauer and published by . This book was released on 1998-02 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developed by the pioneering landscape design firm of Andropogon Associates, world-renowned for their innovative approach to integrating environmental protection and restoration with landscape architecture and design, The Once and Future Forest is a guidebook for restoring and managing natural landscapes. Focusing on remnant forest systems, it describes methods of restoring and linking forest fragments to recreate a whole landscape fabric. The book begins by explaining the history and current situation of forest ecosystems in the eastern United States. Following that is an in-depth examination of the restoration process, with thorough descriptions of ecological strategies for landscape management along with specific examples of how those strategies have been implemented in various sites around the country. The final section provides hands-on information about the many specific details that must be considered when initiating and implementing a restoration program. All aspects of the restoration process are considered, including: Water -- opportunities for increasing infiltration, reducing pollutants, promoting habitat values Ground -- methods of protecting existing vegetation, removing fill, rebuilding soils Plants -- strategies and procedures for planting, maintenance, propagation Wildlife -- guidelines for preserving wildlife resources, management techniques to favor selected specie. The Once and Future Forest presents a comprehensive approach to assessing sites, detailed guidelines for determining management goals, and a thorough overview of appropriate management and restoration techniques. It is an important guide for professional planners and landscape architects, government agency personnel at all levels, land managers, scientists involved in restoration work, and citizen activists who wish to do something constructive about our deteriorating forest patches.
Download or read book Non wood Forest Products from Temperate Broad leaved Trees written by William M. Ciesla and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2002 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temperate broadleaved trees grow in very different ecosystems in the northern and southern hemispheres, but are also found extensively in many tropical and subtropical mountain areas. A wide range of non-wood products are derived from temperate broadleaved trees, and their description is organized in this volume according to the part of the tree from which they are obtained (whole tree, foliage, flowers, etc.). This information is presented in order to raise awareness on, and assist in identifying, opportunities for the management and production of non-wood products from temperate broadleaved trees. The intended audience of this publication ranges from interest groups in the forest, agriculture and rural development sectors to conservation agencies in developed and developing countries.
Download or read book Poplar Culture in North America written by National Research Council Canada and published by NRC Research Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 5. Ecology and silviculture of poplar plantations -- Introduction -- Propagation and production of planting stock -- Planting stock types -- Stock production systems -- Unrooted dormant cuttings and sets -- Weed control strategies -- Fertilization and irrigation -- Crop health, protection, and hygiene -- Unrooted dormant branch cuttings -- Rooted dormant cuttings -- Container nursery for rooted plants -- Stock harvesting, processing, and quality control -- Harvesting -- Processing -- Quality control -- Stock packaging and storage.
Download or read book Bringing Nature Home written by Douglas W. Tallamy and published by Timber Press. This book was released on 2009-09-01 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “With the twinned calamities of climate change and mass extinction weighing heavier and heavier on my nature-besotted soul, here were concrete, affordable actions that I could take, that anyone could take, to help our wild neighbors thrive in the built human environment. And it all starts with nothing more than a seed. Bringing Nature Home is a miracle: a book that summons butterflies." —Margaret Renkl, The Washington Post As development and habitat destruction accelerate, there are increasing pressures on wildlife populations. In his groundbreaking book Bringing Nature Home, Douglas W. Tallamy reveals the unbreakable link between native plant species and native wildlife—native insects cannot, or will not, eat alien plants. When native plants disappear, the insects disappear, impoverishing the food source for birds and other animals. Luckily, there is an important and simple step we can all take to help reverse this alarming trend: everyone with access to a patch of earth can make a significant contribution toward sustaining biodiversity by simply choosing native plants. By acting on Douglas Tallamy's practical and achievable recommendations, we can all make a difference.
Download or read book Urban and Community Forestry in the Northeast written by John E. Kuser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-11-14 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a textbook for Urban/Community Forestry courses and a handbook for Shade Tree Commissions, tree wardens, State and National Forestry Services, and professional societies. It is the most complete text in this field because it addresses both culture and management, and the chapters have been written by experts who are active practitioners. The book provides observations and examples relevant to every urban center in the U.S. and elsewhere.
Download or read book Traditional Plant Foods of Canadian Indigenous Peoples written by Harriet Kuhnlein and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-10-28 with total page 745 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1991, Traditional Plant Foods of Canadian Indigenous Peoples details the nutritional properties, botanical characteristics and ethnic uses of a wide variety of traditional plant foods used by the Indigenous Peoples of Canada. Comprehensive and detailed, this volume explores both the technical use of plants and their cultural connections. It will be of interest to scholars from a variety of backgrounds, including Indigenous Peoples with their specific cultural worldviews; nutritionists and other health professionals who work with Indigenous Peoples and other rural people; other biologists, ethnologists, and organizations that address understanding of the resources of the natural world; and academic audiences from a variety of disciplines.
Download or read book The Plant Life of China written by Geoffrey P. Chapman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-03-11 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Camellia, Anemone, Primula, Rosa, Rhododendron, growth form, tree, shrub, herb, alpine.
Download or read book Steyermark s Flora of Missouri written by Julian Alfred Steyermark and published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 1016 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Flora of Missouri project, directed by Garden Curator, Dr. George Yatskievych, is an ongoing effort to update and compile information on the state's flora. It began in 1987 as a joint effort of the Missouri Botanical Garden and the Missouri Department of Conservation. One of its main goals is a three-volume revision of former Missouri Botanical Garden curator Julian A. Steyermark's 'Flora of Missouri', first published in 1963. Missouri's ever changing plant diversity, the shifting distributions of its plant species, and the many new records of plants in the state have necessitated an expansion of Steyermark's original publication into three volumes."--
Download or read book Global Vegetation written by Jörg S. Pfadenhauer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-09 with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This up-to-date textbook of global vegetation ecology, which comprises the current state of knowledge, is long overdue and much-needed. It is a translation of the textbook “Vegetation der Erde” (Springer-Spektrum, Heidelberg). A short introductory chapter deals with the fundamentals of vegetation ecology that are of importance for the delimitation and characterization of the global vegetation presented in this book (chorology, evolution of plants, physiognomic and structural characteristics, phytodiversity and the human impact on it as well as general terminology concerning both plant growth forms and on vegetation structure types). In the following chapters the zonal and azonal vegetation from the tropics to the polar regions including high mountains is described and discussed. The main focus is on the characterization of interactions between the spatial location of plants and plant communities on the one hand and site conditions, historic and genetic processes, spatial and temporal patterns, ecophysiology and anthropogenic influences on the other hand. Additional information on specific topics is provided in 51 boxes.
Download or read book Arthropod Management in Vineyards written by Noubar J. Bostanian and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-26 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a state-of-the-science overview of arthropods affecting grape production around the world. Vineyard pest management is a dynamic and evolving field, and the contributed chapters provide insights into arthropods that limit this important crop and its products. Written by international experts from the major grape-growing regions, it provides a global overview of arthropods affecting vines and the novel strategies being used to prevent economic losses, including invasive pests affecting viticulture. The book contains reviews of the theoretical basis of integrated pest management, multiple chapters on biological control, current status of chemical control, as well as in-depth and well-illustrated reviews of the major arthropod pests affecting grape production and how they are being managed worldwide. This text will serve as a primary resource for applied entomologists, students, growers, and consultants with interests at the intersection of viticulture and applied entomology.
Download or read book Tropical Ecosystems Structure Functions and Challenges in the Face of Global Change written by Satish Chandra Garkoti and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-24 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book brings together research topics having a broad focus on human and climate change impacts on the terrestrial ecosystems in the tropics in general and more specifically from the most significant and vulnerable Himalayan ecosystem. A total of 16 contributions included in the book cover a diverse range of global change themes such as the impacts of changing temperature and precipitation on soil ecosystems, forest degradation, extent and impacts of invasive species, plant responses to pollution, climate change impacts on biodiversity and tree phenology, environmental changes associated with land use, importance of traditional knowledge in climate change adaptation, timberline ecosystems, and role of integrated landscape modeling for sustainable management of natural resources. The book is a collective endeavour of an international multidisciplinary group of scientists focused on improving our understanding of the impacts of global change on the structure and functioning of tropical ecosystems and addressing the challenges of their future sustainable management. We hope that the book will help researchers working in the areas of ecology and environmental science to update their knowledge. We also expect that natural resource managers and policy planners will find explanations for some of their observations and hypotheses on multiple global change factors impacting tropical ecosystems and especially Himalayan ecosystems.
