Download or read book Population Genetic Analyses of Gene Expression and Complex Traits written by Emily Catherine Glassberg and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A central goal of human genetics is to understand how the genome contributes to complex traits like height, BMI, and risk for many common diseases. This question is particularly challenging to answer in that analyses of human complex traits rely largely on observational data. In this dissertation, I present several projects that utilize statistical models and careful interpretation of data to infer features of latent process from observational data. First, I aim to improve our understanding of human complex trait architecture by exploring the effects of selective constraint on gene expression. I demonstrate that, while there is clear evidence of widespread constraint on gene expression, this selection is weak. Much of the variance of gene expression across individuals is, therefore, attributable to common genetic variants. Consistent with existing literature, this suggests that the genetic architecture of complex traits is highly polygenic. I also consider the role of previously under-studied contributors to genetic variance (e.g., epistatic interactions, somatic variation, and short tandem repeats) in complex traits. In addition, I apply the same careful consideration of confounders and data interpretation to measure, and understand possible drivers of, gendered differences in behavior between men and women scientists at academic meetings.
Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Complex Disease written by Jonathan L. Haines and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-02-26 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Second Edition features the latest tools for uncovering thegenetic basis of human disease The Second Edition of this landmark publication bringstogether a team of leading experts in the field to thoroughlyupdate the publication. Readers will discover the tremendousadvances made in human genetics in the seven years that haveelapsed since the First Edition. Once again, the editorshave assembled a comprehensive introduction to the strategies,designs, and methods of analysis for the discovery of genes incommon and genetically complex traits. The growing social, legal,and ethical issues surrounding the field are thoroughly examined aswell. Rather than focusing on technical details or particularmethodologies, the editors take a broader approach that emphasizesconcepts and experimental design. Readers familiar with theFirst Edition will find new and cutting-edge materialincorporated into the text: Updated presentations of bioinformatics, multiple comparisons,sample size requirements, parametric linkage analysis, case-controland family-based approaches, and genomic screening New methods for analysis of gene-gene and gene-environmentinteractions A completely rewritten and updated chapter on determininggenetic components of disease New chapters covering molecular genomic approaches such asmicroarray and SAGE analyses using single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) and cDNA expression data, as well as quantitative trait loci(QTL) mapping The editors, two of the world's leading genetic epidemiologists,have ensured that each chapter adheres to a consistent and highstandard. Each one includes all-new discussion questions andpractical examples. Chapter summaries highlight key points, and alist of references for each chapter opens the door to furtherinvestigation of specific topics. Molecular biologists, human geneticists, geneticepidemiologists, and clinical and pharmaceutical researchers willfind the Second Edition a helpful guide to understanding thegenetic basis of human disease, with its new tools for detectingrisk factors and discovering treatment strategies.
Download or read book Biosocial Surveys written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-01-06 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biosocial Surveys analyzes the latest research on the increasing number of multipurpose household surveys that collect biological data along with the more familiar interviewerâ€"respondent information. This book serves as a follow-up to the 2003 volume, Cells and Surveys: Should Biological Measures Be Included in Social Science Research? and asks these questions: What have the social sciences, especially demography, learned from those efforts and the greater interdisciplinary communication that has resulted from them? Which biological or genetic information has proven most useful to researchers? How can better models be developed to help integrate biological and social science information in ways that can broaden scientific understanding? This volume contains a collection of 17 papers by distinguished experts in demography, biology, economics, epidemiology, and survey methodology. It is an invaluable sourcebook for social and behavioral science researchers who are working with biosocial data.
Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Complex Disease written by William K. Scott and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-11-11 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic Analysis of Complex Diseases An up-to-date and complete treatment of the strategies, designs and analysis methods for studying complex genetic disease in human beings In the newly revised Third Edition of Genetic Analysis of Complex Diseases, a team of distinguished geneticists delivers a comprehensive introduction to the most relevant strategies, designs and methods of analysis for the study of complex genetic disease in humans. The book focuses on concepts and designs, thereby offering readers a broad understanding of common problems and solutions in the field based on successful applications in the design and execution of genetic studies. This edited volume contains contributions from some of the leading voices in the area and presents new chapters on high-throughput genomic sequencing, copy-number variant analysis and epigenetic studies. Providing clear and easily referenced overviews of the considerations involved in genetic analysis of complex human genetic disease, including sampling, design, data collection, linkage and association studies and social, legal and ethical issues. Genetic Analysis of Complex Diseases also provides: A thorough introduction to study design for the identification of genes in complex traits Comprehensive explorations of basic concepts in genetics, disease phenotype definition and the determination of the genetic components of disease Practical discussions of modern bioinformatics tools for analysis of genetic data Reflecting on responsible conduct of research in genetic studies, as well as linkage analysis and data management New expanded chapter on complex genetic interactions This latest edition of Genetic Analysis of Complex Diseases is a must-read resource for molecular biologists, human geneticists, genetic epidemiologists and pharmaceutical researchers. It is also invaluable for graduate students taking courses in statistical genetics or genetic epidemiology.
Download or read book Epigenetics and Complex Traits written by Anna K. Naumova and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-17 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will provide an overview of basic epigenetic phenomena; interaction between epigenetic and genetic factors; and the influence of epigenetic factors on inheritance. Epigenetic states may contribute to the penetrance of genetic polymorphisms or mutations and thereby modify inheritance patterns. This may result in non‐Mendelian inheritance of genetic traits such as observed in common human disease. The relationship between epigenetics and genetics, however, has not been comprehensively summarized yet. The topic is being more and more appreciated lately due to considerable advances in genomic and epigenomic approaches to study the origins of human disease. The editors will focus not only on describing epigenetic characteristics, mechanisms and results, but also on how considerations of epigenetics can alter interpretation and analysis of risks for complex traits. This book will be a resource for those who have been working in human genetics or analysis of human genetic data and are studying the impact of epigenetics on inheritance. An overview will be given of the impacts of inter‐individual variation in epigenetic states from major changes (errors in genomic imprinting) that cause congenital developmental defects to subtle changes and their impact on complex traits. The editors will discuss the relationship between epigenetic changes and genetic changes in human disease. Several chapters will also focus on statistical analysis of epigenetics effects, either in human disease genetic studies, or in population genetics.
Download or read book Genetics written by Daniel L. Hartl and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2005 with total page 902 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological Sciences
Download or read book Genetic Analysis written by Philip Mark Meneely and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With its unique integration of genetics and molecular biology, this text probes fascinating questions that explore how our understanding of key genetic phenomena can be used to understand biological systems. Opening with a brief overview of key genetic principles, model organisms, and epigenetics, the book goes on to explore the use of gene mutations, the analysis of gene expression and activity, a discussion of the genetic structure of natural populations, and more.
Download or read book Genetic Dissection of Complex Traits written by D.C. Rao and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2008-04-23 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of genetics is rapidly evolving and new medical breakthroughs are occuring as a result of advances in knowledge of genetics. This series continually publishes important reviews of the broadest interest to geneticists and their colleagues in affiliated disciplines. Five sections on the latest advances in complex traits Methods for testing with ethical, legal, and social implications Hot topics include discussions on systems biology approach to drug discovery; using comparative genomics for detecting human disease genes; computationally intensive challenges, and more
Download or read book Behavioral Genetics written by Robert Plomin and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2008-02-22 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of human and animal behavioral genetics and examines the crossroads where the fields of psychology, psychiatry, and genetics intersect.
Download or read book Evolution and Selection of Quantitative Traits written by Bruce Walsh and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-21 with total page 1504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative traits-be they morphological or physiological characters, aspects of behavior, or genome-level features such as the amount of RNA or protein expression for a specific gene-usually show considerable variation within and among populations. Quantitative genetics, also referred to as the genetics of complex traits, is the study of such characters and is based on mathematical models of evolution in which many genes influence the trait and in which non-genetic factors may also be important. Evolution and Selection of Quantitative Traits presents a holistic treatment of the subject, showing the interplay between theory and data with extensive discussions on statistical issues relating to the estimation of the biologically relevant parameters for these models. Quantitative genetics is viewed as the bridge between complex mathematical models of trait evolution and real-world data, and the authors have clearly framed their treatment as such. This is the second volume in a planned trilogy that summarizes the modern field of quantitative genetics, informed by empirical observations from wide-ranging fields (agriculture, evolution, ecology, and human biology) as well as population genetics, statistical theory, mathematical modeling, genetics, and genomics. Whilst volume 1 (1998) dealt with the genetics of such traits, the main focus of volume 2 is on their evolution, with a special emphasis on detecting selection (ranging from the use of genomic and historical data through to ecological field data) and examining its consequences.
Download or read book Handbook of Statistical Genomics written by David J. Balding and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-09-10 with total page 1223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely update of a highly popular handbook on statistical genomics This new, two-volume edition of a classic text provides a thorough introduction to statistical genomics, a vital resource for advanced graduate students, early-career researchers and new entrants to the field. It introduces new and updated information on developments that have occurred since the 3rd edition. Widely regarded as the reference work in the field, it features new chapters focusing on statistical aspects of data generated by new sequencing technologies, including sequence-based functional assays. It expands on previous coverage of the many processes between genotype and phenotype, including gene expression and epigenetics, as well as metabolomics. It also examines population genetics and evolutionary models and inference, with new chapters on the multi-species coalescent, admixture and ancient DNA, as well as genetic association studies including causal analyses and variant interpretation. The Handbook of Statistical Genomics focuses on explaining the main ideas, analysis methods and algorithms, citing key recent and historic literature for further details and references. It also includes a glossary of terms, acronyms and abbreviations, and features extensive cross-referencing between chapters, tying the different areas together. With heavy use of up-to-date examples and references to web-based resources, this continues to be a must-have reference in a vital area of research. Provides much-needed, timely coverage of new developments in this expanding area of study Numerous, brand new chapters, for example covering bacterial genomics, microbiome and metagenomics Detailed coverage of application areas, with chapters on plant breeding, conservation and forensic genetics Extensive coverage of human genetic epidemiology, including ethical aspects Edited by one of the leading experts in the field along with rising stars as his co-editors Chapter authors are world-renowned experts in the field, and newly emerging leaders. The Handbook of Statistical Genomics is an excellent introductory text for advanced graduate students and early-career researchers involved in statistical genetics.
Download or read book Quantitative genetics and complex trait analysis in humans the genetic basis of complex diseases written by Christine Langhoff and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2003-06-07 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2002 in the subject Biology - Genetics / Gene Technology, grade: 2.1 (B), Oxford University (New College), language: English, abstract: Ultimately, the goal of genetics is the analysis of the genotype of organisms. But the genotype can be identified – and therefore studied – only through its phenotypic effect. This means that two genotypes are recognised as different from each other because the phenotypes of their carriers are different. A problem can be seen with this approach as the actual variation between organisms is usually quantitative, not qualitative. Many different genotypes may have the same average phenotype. At the same time, because of environmental variation, two individuals of the same genotype may not have the same phenotype. This lack of a one-to-one correspondence between genotype and phenotype obscures underlying Mendelian genetics. I am going to explore the use of various statistical techniques for studying quantitative traits with application to behavioural traits. I am also going to examine whether there are behavioural traits with sufficiently high heritabilities to give hope for gene searches and I am going to discuss the difficulties that confront molecular geneticists regarding psychiatric genetics.
Download or read book Population Genomics written by Om P. Rajora and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-07 with total page 822 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population genomics has revolutionized various disciplines of biology including population, evolutionary, ecological and conservation genetics, plant and animal breeding, human health, medicine and pharmacology by allowing to address novel and long-standing questions with unprecedented power and accuracy. It employs large-scale or genome-wide genetic information and bioinformatics to address various fundamental and applied aspects in biology and related disciplines, and provides a comprehensive genome-wide perspective and new insights that were not possible before. These advances have become possible due to the development of new and low-cost sequencing and genotyping technologies and novel statistical approaches and software, bioinformatics tools, and models. Population genomics is tremendously advancing our understanding the roles of evolutionary processes, such as mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, and natural selection, in shaping up genetic variation at individual loci and across the genome and populations; improving the assessment of population genetic parameters or processes such as adaptive evolution, effective population size, gene flow, admixture, inbreeding and outbreeding depression, demography, and biogeography; resolving evolutionary histories and phylogenetic relationships of extant, ancient and extinct species; understanding the genomic basis of fitness, adaptation, speciation, complex ecological and economically important traits, and disease and insect resistance; facilitating forensics, genetic medicine and pharmacology; delineating conservation genetic units; and understanding the genetic effects of resource management practices, and assisting conservation and sustainable management of genetic resources. This Population Genomics book discusses the concepts, approaches, applications and promises of population genomics in addressing most of the above fundamental and applied crucial aspects in a variety of organisms from microorganisms to humans. The book provides insights into a range of emerging population genomics topics including population epigenomics, landscape genomics, seascape genomics, paleogenomics, ecological and evolutionary genomics, biogeography, demography, speciation, admixture, colonization and invasion, genomic selection, and plant and animal domestication. This book fills a vacuum in the field and is expected to become a primary reference in Population Genomics world-wide.
Download or read book Computational Genetics and Genomics written by Gary Peltz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-05 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultimately, the quality of the tools available for genetic analysis and experimental disease models will be assessed on the basis of whether they provide new information that generates novel treatments for human disease. In addition, the time frame in which genetic discoveries impact clinical practice is also an important dimension of how society assesses the results of the significant public financial investment in genetic research. Because of the investment and the increased expectation that new tre- ments will be found for common diseases, allowing decades to pass before basic discoveries are made and translated into new therapies is no longer acceptable. Computational Genetics and Genomics: Tools for Understanding Disease provides an overview and assessment of currently available and developing tools for genetic analysis. It is hoped that these new tools can be used to identify the genetic basis for susceptibility to disease. Although this very broad topic is addressed in many other books and journal articles, Computational Genetics and Genomics: Tools for Understanding Disease focuses on methods used for analyzing mouse genetic models of biomedically - portant traits. This volume aims to demonstrate that commonly used inbred mouse strains can be used to model virtually all human disea- related traits. Importantly, recently developed computational tools will enable the genetic basis for differences in disease-related traits to be rapidly identified using these inbred mouse strains. On average, a decade is required to carry out the development process required to demonstrate that a new disease treatment is beneficial.
Download or read book The Applications of New Multi Locus GWAS Methodologies in the Genetic Dissection of Complex Traits written by Yuan-Ming Zhang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-06-19 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) are widely used in the genetic dissection of complex traits. Most existing methods are based on single-marker association in genome-wide scans with population structure and polygenic background controls. To control the false positive rate, the Bonferroni correction for multiple tests is frequently adopted. This stringent correction results in the exclusion of important loci, especially for GWAS in crop genetics. To address this issue, multi-locus GWAS methodologies have been recommended, i.e., FASTmrEMMA, ISIS EM-BLASSO, mrMLM, FASTmrMLM, pLARmEB, pKWmEB and FarmCPU. In this Research Topic, our purpose is to clarify some important issues in the application of multi-locus GWAS methods. Here we discuss the following subjects: First, we discuss the advantages of new multi-locus GWAS methods over the widely-used single-locus GWAS methods in the genetic dissection of complex traits, metabolites and gene expression levels. Secondly, large experiment error in the field measurement of phenotypic values for complex traits in crop genetics results in relatively large P-values in GWAS, indicating the existence of small number of significantly associated SNPs. To solve this issue, a less stringent P-value critical value is often adopted, i.e., 0.001, 0.0001 and 1/m (m is the number of markers). Although lowering the stringency with which an association is made could identify more hits, confidence in these hits would significantly drop. In this Research Topic we propose a new threshold of significant QTN (LOD=3.0 or P-value=2.0e-4) in multi-locus GWAS to balance high power and low false positive rate. Thirdly, heritability missing in GWAS is a common phenomenon, and a series of scientists have explained the reasons why the heritability is missing. In this Research Topic, we also add one additional reason and propose the joint use of several GWAS methodologies to capture more QTNs. Thus, overall estimated heritability would be increased. Finally, we discuss how to select and use these multi-locus GWAS methods.
Download or read book Computational Methods for Genetics of Complex Traits written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-11-10 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of genetics is rapidly evolving, and new medical breakthroughs are occurring as a result of advances in knowledge gained from genetics reasearch. This thematic volume of Advances in Genetics looks at Computational Methods for Genetics of Complex traits. Explores the latest topics in neural circuits and behavior research in zebrafish, drosophila, C.elegans, and mouse models Includes methods for testing with ethical, legal, and social implications Critically analyzes future prospects
Download or read book Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-12-21 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment reviews advances made during the last 10-15 years in fields such as developmental biology, molecular biology, and genetics. It describes a novel approach for how these advances might be used in combination with existing methodologies to further the understanding of mechanisms of developmental toxicity, to improve the assessment of chemicals for their ability to cause developmental toxicity, and to improve risk assessment for developmental defects. For example, based on the recent advances, even the smallest, simplest laboratory animals such as the fruit fly, roundworm, and zebrafish might be able to serve as developmental toxicological models for human biological systems. Use of such organisms might allow for rapid and inexpensive testing of large numbers of chemicals for their potential to cause developmental toxicity; presently, there are little or no developmental toxicity data available for the majority of natural and manufactured chemicals in use. This new approach to developmental toxicology and risk assessment will require simultaneous research on several fronts by experts from multiple scientific disciplines, including developmental toxicologists, developmental biologists, geneticists, epidemiologists, and biostatisticians.
