Download or read book Polymers in Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays written by Marina Khaneft and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aligned Carbon Nanotubes written by Zhifeng Ren and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-05 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a survey of the physics and fabrication of carbon nanotubes and their applications in optics, electronics, chemistry and biotechnology. It focuses on the structural characterization of various carbon nanotubes, fabrication of vertically or parallel aligned carbon nanotubes on substrates or in composites, physical properties for their alignment, and applications of aligned carbon nanotubes in field emission, optical antennas, light transmission, solar cells, chemical devices, bio-devices, and many others. Major fabrication methods are illustrated in detail, particularly the most widely used PECVD growth technique on which various device integration schemes are based, followed by applications such as electrical interconnects, nanodiodes, optical antennas, and nanocoax solar cells, whereas current limitations and challenges are also be discussed to lay the foundation for future developments.
Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes written by Mohamed Berber and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-07-20 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows the recent advances of the applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), in particular, the polymer functionalized carbon nanotubes. It also includes a comprehensive description of carbon nanotubes' preparation, properties, and characterization. Therefore, we have attempted to provide detailed information about the polymer-carbon nanotube composites. With regard to the unique structure and properties of carbon nanotubes, a series of important findings have been reported. The unique properties of carbon nanotubes, including thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties, after polymer functionalization have been documented in detail. This book comprises 18 chapters. The chapters include different applications of polymer functionalization CNTs, e.g. photovoltaic, biomedical, drug delivery, gene delivery, stem cell therapy, thermal therapy, biological detection and imaging, electroanalytical, energy, supercapacitor, and gas sensor applications.
Download or read book Carbon Nanotube Arrays written by Sean Michael Foradori and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiconducting, single walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are exceptional electronic materials with high current carrying capacity, a tunable band gap, and nanoscale dimensions. Single CNTs in research devices have demonstrated these excellent material properties. Extrapolation of these single CNT results to devices with many CNTs in tightly packed and highly aligned arrays indicates that CNTs can exceed the performance of existing silicon based devices in many applications by operating at lower voltages and using less energy. The performance of array based devices has not yet met these high expectations, however, due in part to practical challenges in fabricating arrays and integrating those arrays into devices. Aligned arrays can be deposited using many different processes to generate a wide range of CNT packing densities and array morphologies. The morphology and packing density both can affect device performance. Polymer wrapped CNTs with high semiconductor purity are often used in these arrays, but the polymer wrapper must be removed from the CNT array to achieve the best device performance. Chapter 2 examines the impact of CNT bundles on the performance of field effect transistors (FETs) with relatively weak gates. These bundles, colinear aggregates containing multiple CNTs, are formed during some array fabrication processes and can behave differently from individual CNTs. When using relatively weak gates, bundles have a current density similar to individual CNTs, but they have different threshold voltages than individual CNTs, meaning their conductivity turns on and off at different gate voltages. Arrays with a mixture of individual and bundled CNTs make devices with poor subthreshold swing because the gate cannot turn the whole array off at any particular voltage; the array turns off gradually as the gate voltage changes. Chapter 3 examines bundles in FETs with strong ion gel gates. A strong gate can turn on multiple CNTs in a bundle, increasing their current density relative to individual CNTs. An FET with a strong gate and a CNT array containing many bundles will have a higher transconductance than a device with an array containing only individual CNTs. This can be useful in radio frequency transistors because their high frequency performance improves as transconductance increases, but is degraded by parasitic capacitance effects if the channel width is increased. By using an array of bundled CNTs instead of an array of individual CNTs, the transconductance can be increased without increasing the channel width. Chapter 4 describes a strategy to fabricate monolayer arrays with high packing density and very little bundling. Passing a substrate through a macroscopic liquid-liquid interface can deposit aligned arrays of CNTs at the liquid-liquid-substrate contact line. The new strategy uses lithographically defined, microscopic water droplets on substrates to form a contact line that is more stable and improves the array deposition. The advantage of patterned microscopic droplets is that the contact line is pinned by the hydrophilic/hydrophobic border of the chemical pattern, and is decoupled from the motions of the substrate and macroscopic liquid-liquid interface. This relatively stable contact line moves as each CNT is deposited, allowing subsequent CNTs to deposit adjacent to the previously deposited ones, improving the alignment and increasing the packing density to 250 CNTs ℗æm-1 with very little bundling. Devices made using these arrays have exceptionally high current density and transconductance of 1.9 mA ℗æm-1 and 1.2 mS ℗æm-1 at a channel length of 60 nm using just a 0.6 V drain voltage. This is a >2x performance improvement over arrays formed with similar conditions but deposited at the contact line of the macroscopic interface. Finally, Chapter 5 investigates a yttrium (Y) based post-deposition process used to mitigate the effects of wrapping polymer in CNT FETs. Though this process has been used for several years, very little information has been reported about how it works. We use physical and spectroscopic measurements to examine the mechanism, selectivity, extent of etching, and range of conditions available for removing the wrapping polymer PFO-BPy from CNTs. The Y-treatment process consists of depositing 3 nm of metallic Y on the sample, annealing in air at a fixed temperature and time, then etching the sample in dilute HCl for 5 seconds, and rinsing in DI water. Annealing at 90°C or cooler for 30 minutes will oxidize ~0.5 nm of a PFO-BPy film, forming highly oxidized carbonate, carboxylate and/or carbonyl groups, allowing it to dissolve in dilute aqueous acid. Repeated Y-treatment cycles will etch more material, and thicker layers of up to 2.5 nm can be etched by annealing at 250°C for 120 minutes. Reactions with sp2 based CNTs and graphene only occur at elevated temperatures, allowing selective removal of wrapping polymer from CNTs at lower temperatures. Furthermore, the yttrium process can remove all parts of the PFO-BPy polymer molecule, in contrast to high-temperature vacuum annealing which only removes alkyl side groups and leaves much of the polymer chain intact.
Download or read book Nanotube Superfiber Materials written by Xin Wang and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-09-16 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess the unique combination of extreme mechanical and physical properties at the level of the individual tube. They are often considered one of the best candidates for the reinforcement of the next generation of multifunctional composite materials. It is essential to assemble the CNTs into macroscopic assemblies resembling traditional fiber-reinforced composites to begin to realize their potential and make them a serious candidate for commercial composite structures. This chapter presents a general introduction to aligned and high-volume fraction CNT composites and then explores two recent promising approaches for fabricating strong, stiff and multifunctional aligned CNT/polymer composite prepregs at satisfactory processing rates. One approach involves incorporating drawable superaligned CNT sheets into high-volume fraction composites through spraying or spray-stretching and winding. The other approach is based on directly shear pressing vertically aligned CNT arrays into horizontally aligned sheets with subsequent polymer infiltration. Both approaches produced CNT composite prepregs with desirable structural features and excellent properties. Aligned CNT/bismaleimide composites produced by stretch winding exhibited a combined tensile strength and elastic modulus exceeding carbon fiber composites. The exceptional mechanical performance coupled with unique electrical and thermal properties makes these materials promising for a wide range of applications, such as multifunctional composite structures, lightweight and flexible conductors, thermal interface materials, and sensors.
Download or read book Polymer Carbon Nanotube Composites written by Tony McNally and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-03-28 with total page 849 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the properties of polymer carbon nanotube (CNT) composites is the key to these materials finding new applications in a wide range of industries, including but not limited to electronics, aerospace and biomedical/bioengineering. Polymer-carbon nanotube composites provides comprehensive and in-depth coverage of the preparation, characterisation, properties and applications of these technologically interesting new materials.Part one covers the preparation and processing of composites of thermoplastics with CNTs, with chapters covering in-situ polymerization, melt processing and CNT surface treatment, as well as elastomer and thermoset CNT composites. Part two concentrates on properties and characterization, including chapters on the quantification of CNT dispersion using microscopy techniques, and on topics as diverse as thermal degradation of polymer/CNT composites, the use of rheology, Raman spectroscopy and multi-scale modelling to study polymer/CNT composites, and CNT toxicity. In part three, the applications of polymer/CNT composites are reviewed, with chapters on specific applications such as in fibres and cables, bioengineering applications and conductive polymer CNT composites for sensing.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Polymer-carbon nanotube composites is an essential reference for scientists, engineers and designers in high-tech industry and academia with an interest in polymer nanotechnology and nanocomposites. - Provides comprehensive and in-depth coverage of the preparation, characterisation and properties of these technologically interesting new materials - Reviews the preparation and processing of composites of thermoplastics with CNTs, covering in-situ polymerization, melt processing and CNT surface treatment - Explores applications of polymer/CNT composites such as in fibres and cables, bioengineering applications and conductive polymer CNT composites for sensing
Download or read book Multifunctional Polymer Nanocomposites written by Jinsong Leng and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-12-21 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The novel properties of multifunctional polymer nanocomposites make them useful for a broad range of applications in fields as diverse as space exploration, bioengineering, car manufacturing, and organic solar cell development, just to name a few. Presenting an overview of polymer nanocomposites, how they compare with traditional composites, and th
Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes written by Mohammed Rahman and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-04-26 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book Carbon Nanotubes - Recent Progress contains a number of recent researches on synthesis, growth, characterization, development, and potential applications on carbon materials especially CNTs in nanoscale. It is a promising novel research from top to bottom that has received a lot of interest in the last few decades. It covers the advanced topics on the physical, chemical, and potential applications of CNTs. Here, the interesting reports on cutting-edge science and technology related to synthesis, morphology, control, hybridization, and prospective applications of CNTs are concluded. This potentially unique work offers various approaches on the R
Download or read book Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Polymers written by Roham Rafiee and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-10-06 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymers: From Nanoscale to Macroscale addresses the advances in nanotechnology that have led to the development of a new class of composite materials known as CNT-reinforced polymers. The low density and high aspect ratio, together with their exceptional mechanical, electrical and thermal properties, render carbon nanotubes as a good reinforcing agent for composites. In addition, these simulation and modeling techniques play a significant role in characterizing their properties and understanding their mechanical behavior, and are thus discussed and demonstrated in this comprehensive book that presents the state-of-the-art research in the field of modeling, characterization and processing. The book separates the theoretical studies on the mechanical properties of CNTs and their composites into atomistic modeling and continuum mechanics-based approaches, including both analytical and numerical ones, along with multi-scale modeling techniques. Different efforts have been done in this field to address the mechanical behavior of isolated CNTs and their composites by numerous researchers, signaling that this area of study is ongoing. - Explains modeling approaches to carbon nanotubes, together with their application, strengths and limitations - Outlines the properties of different carbon nanotube-based composites, exploring how they are used in the mechanical and structural components - Analyzes the behavior of carbon nanotube-based composites in different conditions
Download or read book Fundamentals of Conjugated Polymer Blends Copolymers and Composites written by Parveen Saini and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-04-30 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since their discovery in 1977, the evolution of conducting polymers has revolutionized modern science and technology. These polymers enjoy a special status in the area of materials science yet they are not as popular among young readers or common people when compared to other materials like metals, paper, plastics, rubber, textiles, ceramics and composites like concrete. Most importantly, much of the available literature in the form of papers, specific review articles and books is targeted either at advanced readers (scientists / technologists / engineers / senior academicians) or for those who are already familiar with the topic (doctoral / postdoctoral scholars). For a beginner or even school / college students, such compilations are bit difficult to access / digest. In fact, they need proper introduction to the topic of conducting polymers including their discovery, preparation, properties, applications and societal impact, using suitable examples and already known principles/knowledge/phenomenon. Further, active participation of readers in terms of "question & answers", "fill-in-the-blanks", "numerical" along with suitable answer key is necessary to maintain the interest and to initiate the "thought process". The readers also need to know about the drawbacks and any hazards of such materials. Therefore, I believe that a comprehensive source on the science / technology of conducting polymers which maintains a link between grass root fundamentals and state-of-the-art R&D is still missing from the open literature.
Download or read book Fundamentals Properties and Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites written by Joseph H. Koo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-10-31 with total page 719 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is focused primarily on polymer nanocomposites, based on the author's research experience as well as open literature. The environmental health and safety aspects of nanomaterials and polymer nanocomposites, risk assessment and safety standards, and fire toxicity of polymer nanocomposites, are studied. In the final chapter, a brief overview of opportunities, trends, and challenges of polymer nanocomposites are included. Throughout the book, the theme is developed that polymer nanocomposites are a whole family of polymeric materials whose properties are capable of being tailored to meet specific applications. This volume serves as a general introduction to students and researchers just entering the field and to scholars from other subfields seeking information.
Download or read book Carbon Nanotube Polymer Nanocomposites written by Srikanta Moharana and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Highly Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Cells from Polymer Aligned Carbon Nanotube Dispersed Heterojunctions written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As we proposed originally, we have focused on the syntheses of novel vertically-aligned carbon nanotube arrays and conjugated macromolecules for photovoltaic cells. Towards this effort we have developed new synthetic methods for the growth of vertically-aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (VA-SWNTs), semiconducting VA-SWNTs, and muiltcomponent micropatterns of VACNTs. We also designed and synthesized several classes of novel low bandgap photovoltaic active polymers, and polymer-/TiO2-coated VA-CNTs, critical to developing high efficient polymer photovoltaic cells and dye-sensitized solar cells. Polymer photovoltaic cells with 3-D structural features, including bilayer-/homotropically-aligned bulk-heterojunctions, were also developed for an efficient solar absorption and charge separation/collection. Besides, novel N-doped CNT fuel cells, polymer/quantum dot light-emitting diodes, and even CNT Gecko-foot-mimetic dry adhesives, were developed for energy management. This project has led to about 30 journal publications, including two Science and one Nature Nanotechnology papers, and a joint patent application with Wright-Patterson Air Force Base.
Download or read book Graphite Fibers and Filaments written by Mildred S. Dresselhaus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was begun after three of the present authors gave a series of in vited talks on the subject of the structure and properties of carbon filaments. This was at a conference on the subject of optical obscuration, for which submicrometer diameter filaments with high length-to-diameter ratios have potential applications. The audience response to these talks illustrated the need of just one scientific community for a broader knowledge of the struc ture and properties of these interesting materials. Following the conference it was decided to expand the material presented in the conference proceedings. The aim was to include in a single volume a description of the physical properties of carbon fibers and filaments. The research papers on this topic are spread widely in the literature and are found in a broad assortment of physics, chemistry, materials science and engineering and polymer science journals and conference proceedings (some of which are obscure). Accordingly, our goal was to produce a book on the subject which would enable students and other researchers working in the field to gain an overview of the subject up to about 1987.
Download or read book Industrial Applications of Carbon Nanotubes written by Huisheng Peng and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2016-10-08 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrial Applications of Carbon Nanotubes covers the current applications of carbon nanotubes in various industry sectors, from the military to visual display products, and energy harvesting and storage. It also assesses the opportunities and challenges for increased commercialization and manufacturing of carbon nanotubes in the years ahead. Real-life case studies illustrate how carbon nanotubes are used in each industry sector covered, providing a valuable resource for scientists and engineers who are involved and/or interested in carbon nanotubes in both academia and industry. The book serves as a comprehensive guide to the varied uses of carbon nanotubes for specialists in many related fields, including chemistry, physics, biology, and textiles. - Explains how carbon nanotubes can be used to improve the efficiency and performance of industrial products - Includes real-life case studies to illustrate how carbon nanotubes have been successfully employed - Explores how carbon nanotubes could be mass-manufactured in the future, and outlines the challenges that need to be overcome
Download or read book The Theory of Composites written by Graeme W. Milton and published by SIAM. This book was released on 2022-12-07 with total page 761 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Composites have been studied for more than 150 years, and interest in their properties has been growing. This classic volume provides the foundations for understanding a broad range of composite properties, including electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic, elastic and viscoelastic, piezoelectric, thermal, fluid flow through porous materials, thermoelectric, pyroelectric, magnetoelectric, and conduction in the presence of a magnetic field (Hall effect). Exact solutions of the PDEs in model geometries provide one avenue of understanding composites; other avenues include microstructure-independent exact relations satisfied by effective moduli, for which the general theory is reviewed; approximation formulae for effective moduli; and series expansions for the fields and effective moduli that are the basis of numerical methods for computing these fields and moduli. The range of properties that composites can exhibit can be explored either through the model geometries or through microstructure-independent bounds on the properties. These bounds are obtained through variational principles, analytic methods, and Hilbert space approaches. Most interesting is when the properties of the composite are unlike those of the constituent materials, and there has been an explosion of interest in such composites, now known as metamaterials. The Theory of Composites surveys these aspects, among others, and complements the new body of literature that has emerged since the book was written. It remains relevant today by providing historical background, a compendium of numerous results, and through elucidating many of the tools still used today in the analysis of composite properties. This book is intended for applied mathematicians, physicists, and electrical and mechanical engineers. It will also be of interest to graduate students.
Download or read book Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composites written by Brian P. Grady and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-08 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The accessible compendium of polymers in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)—extremely thin tubes only a few nanometers in diameter but able to attain lengths thousands of times greater—are prime candidates for use in the development of polymer composite materials. Bringing together thousands of disparate research works, Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Composites: Manufacture, Properties, and Applications covers CNT-polymers from synthesis to potential applications, presenting the basic science and engineering of this dynamic and complex area in an accessible, readable way. Designed to be of use to polymer scientists, engineers, chemists, physicists, and materials scientists, the book covers carbon nanotube fundamentals to help polymer experts understand CNTs, and polymer physics to help those in the CNT field, making it an invaluable resource for anyone working with CNT-polymer composites. Detailed chapters describe the mechanical, rheological, electrical, and thermal properties of carbon nanotube-polymer composites. Including a glossary that defines key terms, Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Composites is essential reading for anyone looking to gain a fundamental understanding of CNTs and polymers, as well as potential and current applications, including electronics (shielding and transparent electrodes), flame retardants, and electromechanics (sensors and actuators), and their challenges.
