Download or read book Polymeric Surface Coatings Surface initiated Polymerization SIP as a Route to Polymer Brushes written by Timothy Michael Fulghum and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer science has been steadily evolving to more and more complex architectures since its introduction in the early 20th century. The application-driven nature of the polymer field requires that new processes and new materials be developed to meet an ever expanding range of products. From organic electronics to biocompatible implant coatings, the precise design of new materials or methods is crucial. This dissertation investigates surface-initiated polymerization (SIP) to prepare functional polymer brushes. Chapter 2 details the construction of polypeptide brush architectures with control over secondary structure of the forming polypeptides. In Chapter 3, the synthesis of polyvinylcarbazole (PVK) hole-transport polymer brush directly onto a transparent indium tin oxide electrode is described. Simple sandwich devices are prepared from the PVK brushes with wet processing techniques previously precluded in use with PVK hole-transport layers. Chapters 4 and 5 introduce a combined technique for the surface functionalization of charged substrates in any size and shape through the use of layer-by-layer (LbL) electrostatic assembly and atom-transfer radical polymerization from polyelectrolytic macroinitiators. Production of selectively permeable membranes was completed with multiple stimuli control. Chapter 6 introduces the ability to prepare brush materials with azobenzene side-chain functionality for possible use in optical storage devices.

Download or read book Polymer Brushes written by Rigoberto C. Advincula and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials scientists, polymer chemists, surface physicists and materials engineers will find this book a complete and detailed treatise on the field of polymer brushes, their synthesis, characterization and manifold applications. In a first section, the various synthetic pathways and different surface materials are introduced and explained, followed by a second section covering important aspects of characterization and analysis in both flat surfaces and particles. These specific surface initiated polymerization (SIP) systems such as linear polymers, homopolymers, block copolymers, and hyperbranched polymers are unique compared to previously reported systems by chemisorption or physisorption. They have found their way in both large-scale and miniature applications of polymer brushes, which is covered in the last section. Such 'hairy' surfaces offer fascinating opportunities for addressing numerous problems of both academic and, in particular, industrial interest: high-quality, functional or protective coatings, composite materials, surface engineered particles, metal-organic interfaces, biological applications, micro-patterning, colloids, nanoparticles, functional devices, and many more. It is the desire of the authors that this book will be of benefit to readers who want to "brush-up on polymers".

Download or read book Surface Initiated Polymerization I written by Rainer Jordan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-02 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1 Y. Tsujii, K. Ohno, S. Yamamoto, A. Goto, T. Fukuda: Structure and Properties of High-Density Polymer Brushes Prepared by Surface-Initiated Living Radical Polymerization.- 2 D.J. Dyer: Photoinitiated Synthesis of Grafted Polymers.- 3 T. Matsuda: Photoiniferter-Driven Precision Surface Graft Microarchitectures for Biomedical Applications.- 4 R. Advincula: Polymer Brushes by Anionic and Cationic Surface Initiated Polymerization.- 5 M.R. Buchmeiser: Metathesis Polymerization From and To Surfaces.-

Download or read book Surface Modification with Polymer Brushes Via Light mediated Polymerizations written by Mingxiao Li and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer brushes, thin polymer coatings consisting of polymer chains that are tethered with one chain end to a surface, have drawn extensive interest in the field of surface modification. The chemical bonding between polymer and substrate allows unique properties such as chemical resistance and stimuli responsiveness. Over the past decade, numerous new chemistry platforms have been established to synthesize polymer brushes with a variety of conformations, such as diblock copolymer brushes and mixed polymer brushes. Although various applications have been demonstrated, efforts to allow industrial scale-up are still required. This dissertation focuses on developing new chemistry platforms to allow more facile and eco-friendly chemistry for polymer brush manufacturing. Surface-initiated photoinduced electron transfer -- reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (SI-PET-RAFT) was introduced as a novel light-mediated polymerization technique with high oxygen tolerance under a wide wavelength range of visible light. The modularity and versatility of SI-PET-RAFT was highlighted through significant flexibility with respect to the choice of monomer, light source, wavelength, and photoredox catalyst. The reproducibility of polymer brush synthesis is also interrogated. Experiments compared the stability of initiating monolayers for surface-initiated (SI) reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (SI-RAFT) and SI atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). Initiator-functionalized substrates were stored under various conditions and grafting densities of the resulting polymer brush films were determined via in situ ellipsometry. Decomposition of one of the examined SI-RAFT initiators resulted in limited reproducibility for polymer brush surface modification. In contrast, initiators for SI-ATRP showed excellent stability and reproducibility. While both techniques bring inherent benefits and limitations, the described findings will help scientists choose the most efficient technique for their goals in chemical and topographical surface modification. Studies on developing synthetic platforms for mixed polymer brushes are also provided. Two different pathways, sequential SI-RAFT/SI-ATRP and sequential dual SI-PET-RAFT, were attempted due to their highly versatile monomer choices. Optimizations on each polymerization and selective chain end passivation were successfully performed. Although there still lacked direct evidence in the formation of mixed polymer brushes, the co-existence of two polymers was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Current challenges and corresponding future works are also discussed. Finally, resonance soft X-ray reflectivity (RSoXR) is introduced as a novel characterization technique to probe vertical distribution of polymer brushes. Reflectance data of homopolymer brushes, diblock copolymer brushes, spin-coated bilayer films at carbon K-edge were investigated. The depth profiles obtained via RSoXR were in agreement with results from variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE). Both techniques revealed a rougher polymer-polymer interface in diblock copolymer brushes than in spin-coated bilayer films.

Download or read book Proceedings of 4th Edition of International Conference on POLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018 written by EuroScicon and published by EuroScicon. This book was released on 2018-05-29 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: June 04-05, 2018 London, UK Key Topics : Polymer Science -The Future, Polymers In Industries, Polymer Material Science, Polymer Engineering, Polymer Nanotechnology, Polymer Chemistry, Composite Polymeric Material, Advanced Polymers, Role Of Polymers In Biology And Biological Systems, Polymer Physics, Bioplastics And Biopolymers, Applications Of Polymer Materials, Polymers In Wastes And Their Environmental Impact,

Download or read book Oxygen Tolerant Photopolymerization for Advanced Functional Surfaces written by Michele Fromel and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymeric surface coatings are widely employed for diverse surface modification, with numerous applications in household goods such as non-stick frying pans, as well as in specialized materials such as membranes and opto-electronics. However, common physisorbed coatings lack the durability and stimuli-responsiveness that surface-tethered polymer brush films can offer. Using surface-initiated reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (SI-RDRP) techniques such as SI reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (SI-RAFT) polymerization and SI atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP), both uniform and intricately patterned surface-tethered polymer brush films can be produced. The present work focuses on the development of user- and eco-friendly SI-RDRP techniques in an effort to overcome many historical limitations on the large-scale use of SI-RDRPs: oxygen-sensitivity, limited monomer and substrate scope, costly, cumbersome patterning equipment, and the need for harsh organic solvents, thermal radical initiators, or UV-light initiation. The techniques developed herein are used to fabricate both uniform and intricately patterned, highly durable polymer brush films with functional surface properties. SI photoinduced electron transfer (PET)-RAFT is introduced as an SI-RDRP with oxygen tolerance, spatiotemporal control, monomer scope including a broad range of (meth)acrylate and (meth)acrylamide monomers, and visible light mediation. Synthetic reproducibility and long-term stability of surface initiators for both SI-RAFT and SI-ATRP are then interrogated under various storage conditions. Grafting densities of the resulting polymer brush films are determined and provide insight into storage requirements for substrates containing pre-deposited surface initiator species to ensure reproducibility of subsequent polymerizations. A photolithography approach incorporating an LED digital light projector is introduced as an inexpensive, push-of-a-button method for construction of spatially and chemically patterned polymer architectures using SI-PET-RAFT polymerization under ambient conditions. To further improve user- and eco-friendliness of polymerizations and provide access to a variety of additional monomers species, SI-PET-RAFT is then translated to aqueous solutions, allowing high ionic monomer solubility and polymerization under even lower-energy visible light. The cationic, anionic, and zwitterionic polymers accessible by this method show promise as long-lasting, functional materials with excellent anti-fogging activity. Finally, substrate scope is expanded beyond silicon-based substrates to organic materials, introducing the functionalization of polycarbonate (PC) with RAFT surface initiators. This allows modification of a popular consumer plastic using aqueous SI-PET-RAFT to produce hydrophilic polymer brushes and overcome the hydrophobicity of PC, which commonly limits its applications, particularly in biomedical applications. These new procedures and technologies place both uniform and patterned polymer brush coatings on the verge of industrialization, bringing advanced materials with long-lasting performance closer to the hands of consumers.

Download or read book Design of Polymeric Platforms for Selective Biorecognition written by Juan Rodríguez-Hernández and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-21 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses in an integrated manner all the critical aspects for building the next generation of biorecognition platforms - from biomolecular recognition to surface fabrication. The most recent strategies reported to create surface nano and micropatterns are thoroughly analyzed. This book contains descriptions of the types of molecules immobilized at surfaces that can be used for specific biorecognition, how to immobilize them, and how to control their arrangement and functionality at the surface. Small molecules, peptides, proteins and oligonucleotides are at the core of the biorecognition processes and will constitute a special part of this book. The authors include detailed information on biological processes, biomolecular screening, biosensing, diagnostic and detection devices, tissue engineering, development of biocompatible materials and biomedical devices.

Download or read book Patterning and Characterization Approaches of Polymer Thin Films written by Marvin Young Paik and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers have been used in thin film coatings as a way to produce tailor made surfaces. These thin films have been explored for use in a variety of applications to produce antifouling coatings, corrosion resistant coatings, biocompatible surfaces, and biomedical devices. Polymer brushes, polymer chains tethered to a substrate or surface, synthesized by surface-initiated polymerization have gained significant attention in recent years. As brushes offer a new pathway towards the preparation of functional surfaces and offer long term stability, even in adverse environments, they are attractive for use as high-tech coatings. Patterned polymer thin films have also seen growing interest for various applications. This dissertation will focus on the top-down direct patterning of polymer brushes and the bottom-up self-assembly of block copolymer thin films. A new approach to creating patterned polymer brushes is highlighted, which is a simpler approach than what is conventionally done. Various polymer brushes were patterned directly using electron beam lithography to create high resolution patterned polymer brushes in a single step. This method was then used to demonstrate the unique ability to create sub-surface patterns within the brush. Additionally, direct patterning was used to create high resolution patterned binary polymer brushes of PMMA and PEGMA. With this binary patterned surface, a surface that responds to its local environment was created. This thesis also details characterization techniques used in probing polymer thin films to better understand how to improve block copolymer self-assembly. By using a powerful technique called grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) on solvent vapor annealed block copolymer thin films while monitoring the solvent vapor swollen film thickness and controlling the film swelling with a nitrogen counterflow, the work presented demonstrates how to accurately determine the processing conditions necessary for the annealing process to take place. This process also provides information as to what changes are occurring during the annealing process. Another characterization technique known as near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) is also highlighted. A more exact calculation of the electron escape depth (EED) for NEXAFS is done using polymer brushes as the calibration sample. With this information, we can do composition depth profiling on our polymer thin films to identify what is at the surface.

Download or read book Aqueous Lubrication Natural And Biomimetic Approaches written by Nicholas D Spencer and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014-03-24 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Man lubricates mostly with oil. Nature lubricates exclusively with water. Pure water is a poor lubricant, but the addition of proteins, especially glycoproteins, can modify surfaces to make them far more lubricating at slow speeds. Understanding how nature does this, and the physical structures involved, is not only important for the understanding of diseases such as osteoarthritis, but also essential for the successful application of articulating implants, such as hips and knees, as well as the development of medical devices such as catheters and contact lenses. A host of important applications of water-based lubrication are already in place in the personal care and food industries, and further industrial applications of water-based lubrication could have a significant positive impact on the environment.This book is the first of its kind. It brings together the latest research in biological and biomimetic, water-based lubrication and is authored by the world's experts in the field.

Download or read book Supramolecular Chemistry in Corrosion and Biofouling Protection written by Viswanathan S. Saji and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-12-23 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supramolecular chemistry, "the chemistry beyond the molecule", is a fascinating realm of modern science. The design of novel supramolecular structures, surfaces, and techniques are at the forefront of research in different application areas, including corrosion and biofouling protection. A team of international experts provide a comprehensive view of the applications and potential of supramolecular chemistry in corrosion and biofouling prevention. Chapter topics include types and fundamentals of supramolecules, supramolecular polymers and gels, host-guest inclusion compounds, organic-inorganic hybrid materials, metallo-assemblies, cyclodextrins, crown ethers, mesoporous silica and supramolecular structures of graphene and other advances. Additional Features include: Focuses on different aspects of supramolecular chemistry in corrosion and biofouling prevention. Comprehensively covers supramolecular interactions that can provide better corrosion and biofouling protection. Provides the latest developments in self-healing coatings. Explores recent research advancements in the suggested area. Includes case studies specific to industries. The different supramolecular approaches being investigated to control corrosion and biofouling are gathered in one well-organized reference to serve senior undergraduate and graduate students, research students, engineers, and researchers in the fields of corrosion science & engineering, biofouling, and protective coatings.

Download or read book Surface Initiated Polymerization of Conjugated Polymers by KCTP Kumada Catalyst Transfer Polycondensation Efficient Grafting Methodologies Structure Function Relationship and Organic Electronic Device Fabrication written by Anandi Roy and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation, synthesis of conjugated polymer brushes of poly(3-methylthiophene) (P3MT) via SI-KCTP (Surface Initiated Kumada Catalyst Transfer Polycondensation) and their applications is discussed. These conjugated polymer brushes have unique optical and electronic properties and hence they are thoroughly investigated for applications in fabrication of more efficient organic electronic devices (OEDs). These devices have definite requirements in terms of grafting densities and directionality of polymer brushes. Therefore to have a thorough understanding, their unique properties are evaluated by systematic analysis of their structure-function relationship and limitations. The current problems associated with their limited applicability in OED fabrication are also studied. With this thorough understanding, optimal P3MT brushes have been developed and applied for successful OED fabrication. Covalent immobilization of polymer chains to substrates prevents delamination and provides a method to make uniform coatings on objects of complex geometries. Utilization of "grafting from" approach has proved to be efficient towards producing uniform and mechanically robust films. SI-KCTP begins with fabrication of reactive initiator monolayers from substrate surfaces and uses highly reactive catalysts like Ni(0) or Pd(0). The catalyst centers are prone to enter into a competitive side reaction called disproportionation, whereby catalyst concentration on the surface is reduced. This reduces grafting density and also indirectly affects the directionality of polymer brushes. The structure of these monolayers highly influences the rates of disproportionation reactions. A detailed systematic study is performed in order to understand the structure-function relationship of reactive initiator monolayers to the nature of P3MT brushes grown. This led us to develop the optimal initiator monolayer which produced P3MT brushes, appropriate for usage in OEDs. To prove the efficiency of the new reactive initiator monolayer towards OED fabrication, organic spin valve devices (OSVs) are fabricated with P3MT brush acting as the non-magnetic spacer layer covalently bound to ferromagnetic electrode. The device showed highly enhanced magnetoresistance response. This encouraging result proves the potential of the new monolayer. It also justifies the hypothesis that spin coating produces more disordered layers, reducing device efficiency by poor contact with surfaces and enhancing intermolecular rather than intra molecular carrier transport. Further, these brushes are considered for potential application towards heat conducting devices since they have shown high thermal conductivities on measurement by the time domain thermoreflactance (TDTR) technique. Rapid and efficient electrochemical techniques are also examined to overcome problems associated with traditional solution deposition ones.

Download or read book An Approach to Surface Modifications with Polymer Brushes Using Aqueous Synthetic Techniques and Characterization written by Roselynn Cordero and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis introduces a new emulsion polymerization technique called mini monomer encapsulated emulsion polymerization (mini ME emulsion) using activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to form narrow dispersity poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA and polystyrene, PS. Subsequent chapters discuss use of this method to create polymer brushes on silica nanoparticles to form "hairy" nanoparticles, and the use of polymer brushes on silica and cellulose substrates to serve as an antibody sensor. "Hairy nanoparticles" use a combination of a polymer brush and an inorganic nanoparticle core to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of a film. Mini ME emulsion polymerization was created for the controlled polymerization of PMMA and PS in an aqueous medium. By guiding reaction localization with a phase transfer agent, tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) and with acetone to control their diffusion rate, continuous feeding of the reaction loci with monomer was employed to keep a constant concentration of propagating radicals. This reaction process leads to low dispersity polymers with a predetermined molecular weight in an emulsion polymerization. Once mini ME emulsion polymerization was established in aqueous media, the polymerization method was modified to grow polymer chains on a nanoparticle surface to obtain hairy nanoparticles. Within recent years, the study of polymer brushes, which is broadly defined as polymer chains bound to a surface, has enabled ground-breaking materials with tailored interfaces, finding applications in nonfouling biosurfaces and creating novel mechanical and optical nanocomposite materials. The particles were functionalized with a hydrophobic initiator to control the polymerization loci forcing initiation to occur only within the organic phase surrounding the nanoparticle and minimizing reaction in the aqueous medium. Results of the new reaction route are described. This technique was also employed to generate polymer brushes on surfaces such as those suitable for biosensing devices and is discussed. Reaction conditions and the results of preliminary testing to these new structures for antibody sensing are described. A poly(oligoethylene glycol) methacrylate (POEGMA) polymer brush, which is used to prevent non-specific adsorption of biomolecules, was grown from cellulose or silica microparticles under aqueous conditions. These brushes were then post-modified with a model antigen, dinitrophenyl (DNP) to increase the specificity of the sensor via specific antibody-antigen recognition. Preliminary results suggest that polymer brushes are needed to increase the sensitivity of the sensor by repelling molecules that would lead to a false positive result. A sensor based on the antibody catalyzed water oxidation pathway (ACWOP) eliminates the need for a secondary antibody, thus further increasing both the specificity and sensitivity of the device and is described in this thesis.

Download or read book Surface Initiated Polymerisation for Applications in Materials Science written by Bocheng Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A systematic study of the surface-initiated polymerisation kinetics of a relatively new type of atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP), activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) ATRP, is first demonstrated in this report. Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were successfully grown from silicon surfaces at room temperature by surface-initiated ARGET ATRP using a "3rd generation" cationic macroinitiator. The polymer films were analysed by ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). With the initial experiment showing that water accelerated conventional ATRP but made it less controlled, the effect of solvent on ARGET ATRP was also evaluated. The living character of ARGET ATRP was demonstrated by successfully reinitiating PHEMA-grafted silicon wafers to grow a second block of PHEMA. Initiator density was shown to have a great effect on the growth rate of PHEMA film thickness on silicon surfaces by comparing the ARGET ATRP growth of PHEMA films using two different initiators, "1st generation" and "3rd generation" cationic macroinitiators, which have different ratios of initiating groups to positive charge. Another type of initiator for ATRP systems, an amide silane, was then investigated as an alternative to polyelectrolyte macroinitiators to avoid degrafting. The effects of solvent, 2, 2' bipyridyl (bpy) ligand concentration and different types of reducing agent on the growth of PHEMA film from amide-initiator coated silicon wafers by ARGET ATRP were then explored at room temperature. However, it was found that the swings in the uncontrolled laboratory ambient temperature caused inter-sample and inter-experiment variability and so could make the evaluations inaccurate or even wrong. An investigation of temperature on ARGET ATRP showed a dramatic effect on the polymerisation rate. The higher the temperature, the faster the polymerisation proceeded. Therefore, the effects of solvent, ratio of bpy to Cu and reducing agent on the ARGET ATRP growth of PHEMA brushes from amide initiator-coated silicon wafers were re-evaluated at a constant temperature, 30 °C. The development of a polydopamine-based initiator, which was designed to be able to be immobilised on a wide range of surfaces, is then presented in this report. Polydopamine was first shown to be able to deposit on various types of material surfaces by oxidative polymerisation in aqueous solution. Bromoester initiating groups for ATRP systems were incorporated into polydopamine coatings by reacting a fraction of the dopamine monomer with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide (BIBB) before polymerisation. The modified polydopamine initiator film grew at a comparable rate to unmodified polydopamine, with a 45 nm being grown in 24 hours. Successful incorporation of initiator groups was confirmed by XPS and FTIR, and by the growth of PMMA and PHEMA polymer brushes by ARGET ATRP from the polydopamine initiator coatings. A PMMA brush with a thickness of 239 nm was grown in 72 hours, indicating that the grafting density is sufficiently high to be in the brush regime. This initiator was demonstrated to be able to deposit on a range of substrates, such as metals (steel) and polymers (polystyrene), and successfully initiate polymer growth, demonstrating its broad applicability. The assessment of ARGET ATRP as a simple and effective tool for interfacial shear strength improvement in cellulose-based fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites is finally presented. It was demonstrated by control experiments that grafting polystyrene on glass fibre surfaces via ARGET ATRP greatly improved the interfacial adhesion between glass fibres and a high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) matrix, although a specific value of interfacial strength was not obtained due to failure of the modified glass fibre composite samples in areas other than the interface. It was then demonstrated that PMMA was successfully grown from the surfaces of polydopamine initiator coated cotton fibre and BIBB-modified cotton fibre by ARGET ATRP. Polydopamine initiator was shown to be a better initiator for cotton fibre than BIBB, possibly since the adsorbed water on cotton fibres can react with BIBB. The improvement of interfacial adhesion between cotton fibres and a PMMA matrix by grafting PMMA on the cotton surface was assessed by peel testing of cotton fibres pressed into PMMA sheets. There is a clear trend in the relationship between the peeling force and growth time of PMMA on the cotton fibre by ARGET ATRP, although the inter-sample reproducibility is not good.

Download or read book Polymer Brushes Fabrication Nanopatterning Actuation and Sensing written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present new strategies to fabricate patterned polymer brush arrays on the micrometer and nanometer length scale by combining common lithography methods. such as scanning probe lithography (SPL) and electron beam lithography (EBL). with surface-initiated polymerization. We studied the mechanics of microcantilevers decorated with stimulus-responsive polymers (SRP) and demonstrated their possible use as sensors. amplifiers. and actuators. The use of SRP brush arrays and coated micro-cantilevers promises great potential for sensing and actuation applications in micro- fluidic and Bio-MEMS devices because of the unique way by which SRPs amplify molecular binding events and changes in the solvent environment. This is significant for the Army. where fast and simple detection of biological agents is critical for soldiers in the field. To date, little research has been done on using the conformational change of polymer thin films to amplify and transduce biological binding events. All of these concepts could be incorporated with "smart", self-sensing, piezoelectric cantilevers. Ultimately, this can lead to field-deployable. reliable. cost-effective, nanobiosensors for the detection of, for example, protein-ligand interactions.

Download or read book Compendium of Polymer Terminology and Nomenclature written by Richard G Jones and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2009-01-19 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IUPAC system of polymer nomenclature has aided the generation of unambiguous names that re ect the historical development of chemistry. However, the explosion in the circulation of information and the globalization of human activities mean that it is now necessary to have a common language for use in legal situations, patents, export-import regulations, and environmental health and safety information. Rather than recommending a ‘unique name’ for each structure, rules have been developed for assigning ‘preferred IUPAC names’, while continuing to allow alternatives in order to preserve the diversity and adaptability of nomenclature. Compendium of Polymer Terminology and Nomenclature is the only publication to collect the most important work on this subject into a single volume. It serves as a handy compendium for scientists and removes the need for time consuming literature searches. One of a series issued by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), it covers the terminology used in many and varied aspects of polymer science as well as the nomenclature of several di erent types of polymer including regular and irregular single-strand organic polymers, copolymers and regular double-strand (ladder and spiro) organic polymers.

Download or read book Drug Delivery Nanoparticles Formulation and Characterization written by Yashwant Pathak and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring fundamental concepts, Drug Delivery Nanoparticles Formulation and Characterization presents key aspects of nanoparticulate system development for various therapeutic applications and provides advanced methods used to file for regulatory approval.This comprehensive guide features:Process Analytical Techniques (PAT) used in manufacturing Na

Download or read book NanoFormulation written by Gordon Tiddy and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2012 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NanoFormulation covers advances in research, development and applications of innovative formulation technologies where nanomaterials play an essential role.