Download or read book Polygynous family structure and child undernutrition in Nigeria written by Amare, Mulubrhan and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-04-29 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a growing interest in the research literature in exploring how child nutrition is affected by sociocultural practices, such as polygyny. However, evaluation of the effect of polygyny on child nutrition has been hindered by the complexity of the relationship. This paper investigates the effect of polygyny on anthropometric outcomes while recognizing that unobservable household characteristics may simultaneously influence both the decision to form a polygynous union and the ability of the household to adequately nourish children. Polygyny can affect children’s nutrition through increased family size, early marriage, and the level of household investment in child health. In this paper, we apply an instrumental variable approach based on the occurrence of same sex siblings in a woman’s first two births to generate exogenous variation in polygyny. Using data from the 2008 and 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys, we find a detrimental effect of polygyny on child undernutrition, with a greater effect in poorer households and those resident in more urban locations.
Download or read book Climate change income sources crop mix and input use decisions Evidence from Nigeria written by Amare, Mulubrhan and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2023-06-02 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper combines panel data from nationally representative household-level surveys in Nigeria with long-term satellite-based spatial data on temperature and precipitation using geo-referenced information related to households. It aims to quantify the impacts of climate change on agricultural productivity, income shares, crop mix, and input use decisions. We measure climate change in harmful degree days, growing degree days, and changes in precipitation using long-term (30 year) changes in temperature and precipitation anomalies during the crop calendars. We find that, controlling for other factors, a 15 percent (one standard deviation) increase in change in harmful degree days leads to a decrease in agricultural productivity of 5.22 percent on average. Similarly, precipitation change has resulted in a significant and negative impact on agricultural productivity. Our results further show that the change in harmful degree days decreases the income share from crops and nonfarm self-employment, while it increases the income share from livestock and wage employment. Examining possible transmission channels for this effect, we find that farmers change their crop mix and input use to respond to climate changes, for instance reducing fertilizer use and seed purchases as a response to increases in extreme heat. Based on our findings, we suggest policy interventions that incentivize adoption of climate-resilient agriculture, such as small-scale irrigation and livelihood diversification. We also propose targeted pro-poor interventions, such as low-cost financing options for improving smallholders’ access to climate-proof agricultural inputs and technologies, and policy measures to reduce the inequality of access to livelihood capital such as land and other productive assets.
Download or read book African Families in a Global Context written by Göran Therborn and published by Nordic Africa Institute. This book was released on 2004 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The family is one of the most important institutions of African societies. Where is it going today? How is it affected by global processes, cultural and political as well as economic? How does it compare with family developments in other parts of the world? These are questions which this book addresses. The contributors deal with the African family in a comparative global context, focusing on patriarchy, sexuality and marriage, and fertility; biological and social reproduction in Ghana under conditions of globalization and structural adjustment; Nigerian marriage relations under the impact of current conditions and; family changes in the North (Britain) from a family perspective of the South (South Africa).
Download or read book Cash transfers polygamy and intimate partner violence Experimental evidence from Mali written by Heath, Rachel and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2018-12-24 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Different Faces of Attachment written by Hiltrud Otto and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-17 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This groundbreaking reconceptualization of attachment theory brings together leading scholars from psychology, anthropology and related fields to reformulate the theory to fit the cultural realities of our world. It will be of particular interest to scholars and graduate students interested in developmental psychology, developmental anthropology, evolutionary biology and cross-cultural psychology.
Download or read book The World s Women 2015 written by United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs and published by United Nations. This book was released on 2015-12-07 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication presents statistics and analysis on the status of women and men in the world, highlighting the current situation and changes over time. It is the sixth in a series published since the World Conference on Women in 1995. It emphasizes that progress towards the goal of gender equality has been made in most areas of concern, although uneven and at low pace. Through a life cycle approach, it reveals the challenges and opportunities faced by women at different stages of life and based on where they reside. Trajectories of women and men are highlighted in the statistical findings of the analysis undertaken on population and families, health, education, work, power and decision-making, violence against women, environment and poverty.
Download or read book The Biodemography of Subsistence Farming written by James W. Wood and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-04-23 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exploration of preindustrial agriculture that applies insights from biodemography, physiological ecology, and household demography.
Download or read book Africa s Population In Search of a Demographic Dividend written by Hans Groth and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-23 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the promises as well as the challenges the demographic dividend brings to sub-Saharan Africa as fertility rates in the region fall and the labor force grows. It offers a detailed analysis of what conditions must be met in order for the region to take full economic advantage of ongoing population dynamics. As the book makes clear, the region will need to accelerate reforms to cope with its demographic transition, in particular the decline of fertility. The continent will need to foster human capital formation through renewed efforts in the areas of education, health and employment. This will entail a true vision and determination on the part of African leaders and their development partners. The book will help readers to gain solid knowledge of the demographic trends and provide insights into socioeconomic policies that eventually might lead sub-Saharan Africa into a successful future.
Download or read book Africans written by John Iliffe and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-07-13 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An updated and comprehensive single-volume history covering all periods from human origins to contemporary African situations.
Download or read book The Paleoanthropology and Archaeology of Big Game Hunting written by John D. Speth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-08 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its inception, paleoanthropology has been closely wedded to the idea that big-game hunting by our hominin ancestors arose, first and foremost, as a means for acquiring energy and vital nutrients. This assumption has rarely been questioned, and seems intuitively obvious—meat is a nutrient-rich food with the ideal array of amino acids, and big animals provide meat in large, convenient packages. Through new research, the author of this volume provides a strong argument that the primary goals of big-game hunting were actually social and political—increasing hunter’s prestige and standing—and that the nutritional component was just an added bonus. Through a comprehensive, interdisciplinary research approach, the author examines the historical and current perceptions of protein as an important nutrient source, the biological impact of a high-protein diet and the evidence of this in the archaeological record, and provides a compelling reexamination of this long-held conclusion. This volume will be of interest to researchers in Archaeology, Evolutionary Biology, and Paleoanthropology, particularly those studying diet and nutrition.
Download or read book The Importance of Women s Status for Child Nutrition in Developing Countries written by Lisa C. Smith and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2003 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until recently the role of women's social status in determining their children's nutritional health went largely unnoticed. That is, until researchers began to ponder the Asian Enigma- the question of why malnutrition is much more prevalent among children in South Asia than in Sub-Saharan Africa, even though South Asia surpasses Sub-Saharan Africa in most of the principal determinants of child nutrition. This report uses data from 36 countries in three developing regions to establish empirically that women's status, defined as women's power relative to men's, is an important determinant of children's nutritional status. It finds that the pathways through which status influences child nutrition and the strength of that influence differ considerably from one region to another. Where women's status is low, this research proves unequivocally that policies to eradicate gender discrimination not only benefit women but also their children.
Download or read book Gender in Agriculture written by Agnes R. Quisumbing and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-29 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) produced a 2011 report on women in agriculture with a clear and urgent message: agriculture underperforms because half of all farmers—women—lack equal access to the resources and opportunities they need to be more productive. This book builds on the report’s conclusions by providing, for a non-specialist audience, a compendium of what we know now about gender gaps in agriculture.
Download or read book The Changing Family in Ghana written by Elizabeth Ardayfio-Schandorf and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advancing gender equality through agricultural and environmental research Past present and future written by Pyburn, Rhiannon, ed. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-11-02 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, interest in gender equality and women’s empowerment has grown rapidly, creating a unique opportunity to institutionalize gender research within agricultural research for development. This book, edited by researchers from the CGIAR Gender Platform, reviews and reflects on the growing body of evidence from gender research. It marks a shift a way from a traditional focus on how gender analysis can contribute to improved productivity, flipping the question to ask, How does agricultural and environmental research and development contribute to gender equality and women’s empowerment? Chapters synthesize the wide range of CGIAR and other research in this area, covering breeding research and seed systems, value chain participation, nutrition-sensitive agriculture, natural resources, climate adaptation and mitigation, the “feminization” of agriculture, women’s role in agricultural research, and emerging gender transformative approaches.
Download or read book Child Survival written by Nancy Scheper-Hughes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1987-10-31 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: of older children, adults, and the family unit as a whole. These moral evaluations are, in turn, influenced by such external contingencies as popula tion demography, social and economic factors, subsistence strategies, house hold composition, and by cultural ideas concerning the nature of infancy and childhood, definitions of personhood, and beliefs about the soul and its immortality. MOTHER LOVE AND CHILD DEATH Of all the many factors that endanger the lives of young children, by far the most difficult to examine with any degree of dispassionate objectivity is the quality of parenting. Historians and social scientists, no less than the public at large, are influenced by old cultural myths about childhood inno cence and mother love as well as their opposites. The terrible power and significance attributed to maternal behavior (in particular) is a commonsense perception based on the observation that the human infant (specialized as it is for prematurity and prolonged dependency) simply cannot survive for very long without considerable maternal love and care. The infant's life depends, to a very great extent, on the good will of others, but most especially, of course, that of the mother. Consequently, it has been the fate of mothers throughout history to appear in strange and distorted forms. They may appear as larger than life or as invisible; as all-powerful and destructive; or as helpless and angelic. Myths of the maternal instinct compete, historically, witli -myths of a universal infanticidal impulse.
Download or read book Who s Hungry And how Do We Know written by Laurie Fields DeRose and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book recognizes that any attempt to reduce hunger requires a sound understanding of which people are affected. It differentiates between food shortage (regional food scarcity), food poverty (inadequate household food supplies), and food deprivation (individual malnutrition) in order to identify the causes of hunger and recommend ways to effectively target interventions. It also focuses on a critical second question--how do we know who the hungry are? The authors explain commonly-used means of measuring hunger, the assumptions embedded in these measures, and what can and cannot be concluded from the evidence. They examine how rules for food distribution operate under normal versus crisis conditions. The shortage/poverty/deprivation framework is designed to call attention to hunger even when food is abundant, as well as to learn how hunger is avoided even when food is scarce. With many tools in place for combating hunger, the book draws attention to the policies that are working and to the individuals, households, and communities that are underserved. The book refines common thinking about the underlying causes of hunger by examining who are most affected.
Download or read book Mismatch written by Peter Gluckman and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2008-02-14 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have built a world that no longer fits our bodies. Our genes - selected through our evolution - and the many processes by which our development is tuned within the womb, limit our capacity to adapt to the modern urban lifestyle. There is a mismatch. We are seeing the impact of this mismatch in the explosion of diabetes, heart disease and obesity. But it also has consequences in earlier puberty and old age. Bringing together the latest scientific research in evolutionary biology, development, medicine, anthropology and ecology, Peter Gluckman and Mark Hanson, both leading medical scientists, argue that many of our problems as modern-day humans can be understood in terms of this fundamental and growing mismatch. It is an insight that we ignore at our peril.
