Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAHs and Their Influence to Some Aquatic Species written by Ayoub Baali and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants generated primarily during the incomplete combustion of organic materials (e.g., coal, oil, petrol, and wood). Many PAHs have toxic, mutagenic, and/or carcinogenic functions. PAHs are highly lipid soluble which lead to a fast absorption by the gastrointestinal tract of marine mammals. They are immediately distributed in a vast variety of tissues with a notable tendency for localization in body fat. Metabolism of PAHs is obtained via the cytochrome P450-mediated mixed function oxidase system with oxidation or hydroxylation as the first step. PAHs are environmental contaminants that pose significant risk to health of fish. The effect of PAHs on fish is a topic of rising attention in a lot of countries. Different studies using the bile metabolites separated by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection were presented. The aim is to compare the levels of PAH metabolites in fish from different areas and fish species. The major metabolite present in all fish was 1-hydroxypyrene. The data confirm the importance of 1-hydroxypyrene as the key PAH metabolite in fish bile and suggest that the European eel is an ideal species for monitoring PAHs.
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Petrogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment Analysis Synthesis Toxicity and Environmental Impact written by Daniela M. Pampanin and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2017-04-07 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although a lot is known about the influence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the marine environment, there are still many unanswered questions. Petrogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment is a monograph that sums up basic knowledge about this topic while highlighting current research practices useful in studying the aquatic environment. It starts with an introduction to effect of PAH in the marine environment. It then proceeds to provide information on techniques to monitor PAH levels and investigate the affected environment in order to control the subsequent negative effects. Chapters also detail the carcinogenic and endocrine effects of PAHs on fish as well as the degradation of PAHs by microorganisms. This monograph is a useful reference for environmental science students and professionals learning about the role of PAH in the marine environment.
Download or read book PAHs written by Peter E. T. Douben and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-07-25 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), or polyarenes, are one of the largest and most structurally diverse class of organic molecules known. High percentages of polyarenes, representing a wide range of molecular sizes and structural types, are present in coal tars and petroleum residues. The major sources of PAHs are crude oil, coal and oil shale. The fuels produced from these fossil sources constitute the primary source of energy for the industrial nations of the world, and the petrochemicals from these raw materials are the basis of the synthetic fibre and plastics industries. PAHs are however, widespread pollutants and their impact on the environment and human health must be monitored and controlled. This book will review and assess our scientific understanding of the ecological exposure and effects PAHs have in different environments and habitats. It will accomplish this by taking the recipients of the pollution in the environment as starting points and working its way back through pathways to access what is required for our understanding of effects and rationale for control. Although this book will concentrate on ecological exposure of PAHs, the general impacts of PAHs on human populations will be touched upon. It is thought to be the first book to focus on the ecological aspects of PAHs.
Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1983-01-01 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biochemical Toxicology written by Muharrem Ince and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-07-29 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biochemical Toxicology - Heavy Metals and Nanomaterials provides an overview of biochemical contamination, nanomaterials and toxic metals, and measurement techniques. It explains and clarifies important studies and compares and develops new and groundbreaking measurement techniques in the fields of organic and inorganic pollution and nanoscience. It is highly recommended for professionals and readers interested in the environment and human health.
Download or read book Metabolism of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment written by Usha Varanasi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1989-03-31 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows how the biological transport, bioaccumulation, disposition, and toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the aquatic environment are influenced by the ability or inability of organisms to metabolize these environmental pollutants. Written by leading scientists in the fields of PAH metabolism and toxicity in both aquatic and mammalian systems, this book discusses recent advances in the areas of PAH biogeochemistry and bioaccumulation, microbial degradation, enzymes of activation, and detoxication, metabolism of PAH, and laboratory and field studies on carcinogenic/toxic effects. Additionally, important similarities and differences in metabolism of PAH by aquatic and terrestrial organisms are featured. The discussion of bioavailability, metabolism, and subsequent toxic effects should aid in the assessment of the ecological consequences of PAH in the aquatic environment.
Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment written by Jerry M. Neff and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2010 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents WHO guidelines for the protection of public health from risks due to a number of chemicals commonly present in indoor air. The substances considered in this review, i.e. benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, naphthalene, nitrogen dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (especially benzo[a]pyrene), radon, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, have indoor sources, are known in respect of their hazardousness to health and are often found indoors in concentrations of health concern. The guidelines are targeted at public health professionals involved in preventing health risks of environmental exposures, as well as specialists and authorities involved in the design and use of buildings, indoor materials and products. They provide a scientific basis for legally enforceable standards.
Download or read book Provisional Guidance for Quantitative Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wastewater Treatment written by Amy J. Forsgren and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the sources of water contamination by PAHs and their transportation and fate in natural aquatic systems. It then discusses, from the analytical chemist’s view, how to determine the presence of PAHs in water and wastewater, and the changes in PAH concentration during treatment processes. The text examines the removal of PAHs using membrane bioreactors and advanced sludge processes, highlighting results from both demonstration and full-scale plants. It also examines the presence of PAHs in conventional wastewater treatment plants, especially in sludge.
Download or read book Environmental Impact of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons 2007 written by Chimezie Anyakora and published by . This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contamination of the environment by polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is becoming a rising environmental concern. Since the implication of these compounds as cancer causing agents several years ago, there has been a renewed interest in them. Many regulatory bodies have continually pushed for tighter legislature on PAHs. Hundreds of research papers have focused on this subject. In these papers the angle of focus varies. Some focused on the impact on the environment in general, some focused on carcinogenesis, carcinogenicity and toxicity of these compounds. Others focused on the analytical methodologies. All these papers have contributed a lot to deeper understanding of the nature and importance of PAHs. This book is an attempt to assemble several experts in the field to bring out some up to date experiences in different aspects of PAHs hence allowing the impact on the environment to be better appreciated. This book is aimed at researchers, scientists and regulators in environmental sciences. It is made up of 14 chapters which focus on different aspect of PAHs. The chapters include: Chemistry of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Toxicity, gentocity and carcinocity of PAHs; Toxicokinetics of PAHs; Bioremediation of PAHs; Structure activity relationship of PAHs; Biomarkers of PAHs exposure; Impact of PAHs on marine organisms in polluted sites; Embryotoxicity of PAHs; Application of PAHs in Chemical Fingerprinting; Sample Preparation; Analysis of PAHs with HPLC; Analysis of PAHs with GC and Analysis of PAHs with MECC. The first chapter of the book serves as a brief introduction to PAHs. It focuses on the Chemistry of these compounds. It briefly describes classification, nomenclature, properties and reactions of PAHs, laying more emphasis on sixteen US EPA priority PAHs. The next chapter goes straight to the toxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of PAHs. This chapter reviews widely the important findings on the toxicity, cytotoxicity, ecotoxicity, neurotoxicity of PAHs. Epidemiological studies on PAHs are also reviewed and monitoring methods are well described. Third chapter reviews the vast literature on the toxicokinetics of PAHs. It briefly describes the concept of toxicokinetics in general (absorption, distribution metabolism and excretion) and the reviews important findings on the toxicokinetics of PAHs in the body. This chapter gives more emphasis on sixteen EPA priority PAHs especially benzo(a)pyrene because of the widespread study on them. Chapter four of this book deals with Biomarker of Exposure of PAHs. It reviews a total of 132 studies on biomarkers of PAHs exposure which include studies on children, and workers of various occupations. The review focuses on the use of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HP) as a biomarker of environmental and occupational exposure to PAHs. Chapter five of this book looks at Fish Embryos and PAH toxicity. Based on years of study, this chapter proposes that embryonic exposure to PAHs causes a wide variety of effects, many of which extend to later life stages including morphological defects, reduced growth, reduced predator avoidance and prey capture, depressed immune function, cancer, genetic changes, and population declines. This chapter is of great interest since most bioassay procedures do not capture the later life impact. The next chapter deals with Structure Activity Relationship. This handles the topic in a unique way by looking at PAH molecules that have been implicated in cancer and correlating their carcinogenic activities with known structural features that promote the ability of the compound to bind to the DNA molecule. Chapter seven looks at the Impact of PAHs on Marine Organisms in Polluted Sites. This chapter shows the levels of PAH contamination in various regions across the world stressing their hazards. It also presents fate, uptake and elimination of PAHs from marine organisms. The next chapter deals with bioremediation of PAHs. This chapter describes various treatment methods for PAH contaminated soils including: incineration, fixation, solvent extraction wet oxidation, landfill and bioremediation, but focuses more on bioremediation method and technology. Chapter nine deals with the Application of PAHs in Chemical Fingerprinting. It reviews various diagnostic ratios that are employed in determining source specific information for contaminated sites. The last five chapters focus on the analysis of PAHs which are very important. Without a proper measurement for the amount of PAHs in the environment we will not be able to assess their impact. Among the chapters that focus on the analysis of PAHs the first two deal with pre analysis which are extraction and sample preparation. The others deal with PAH analytical techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. Various chapters of this book were written by several scientists who have good experience in the field hence combining existing body of knowledge in the field with practical research findings. For instance, Dr. Mark Carls and Dr. Jeep Rice wrote on embryotoxicity which is mainly a result of their several years of study at NOAA Alaska. Prof. Philip Marrriot and his coauthors in their chapter on GC analysis of PAHs gave a great insight on the result of their research using GCxGC which they have been working on at Australian Centre for Research on Separation Sciences. Dr. Arbabi and his coauthors gave an insight on their research on bioremediation of PAHs in Iran. Dr. Hansen s chapter on Biomakers of PAHs exposure (coauthored by some of her colleagues) is a result of several years of research at the National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark. Toxicity, genotocity and Carcinogenicity of PAHs written by Dr. Delia of National Institute of Occupational Safety and Prevention, Rome had a slant of her research and findings on PAH contamination over several years. The chapter on sample preparation was written by Dr. Marvin of Environment Canada who has been involved in PAH research at the agency for some years. Prof. John Hardley and his coauthors wrote on PAH extraction which is the core of their research. Dr. Said of National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Egypt gave a good insight on the effect of PAH contamination on marine life in the world with more emphasis on the Red Sea. Prof. Gonzalez and his colleagues gave an overview based on extensive experience on HPLC analysis of PAHs, while Prof. Chang of Taiwan National University (and his coauthors) explored all the relevant issues in PAH analysis using MECC. Prof. Coker and I reviewed the extensive literature on Toxicokinetics of PAHs and Structure Activity Relationship of the compounds. This book is certainly not exhaustive but all the chapters were written with sufficient relevant and recent references to help both advanced and intermediate audience get deeper insight on the subject. There are a number of materials on PAHs which have played important role in this book. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Ronald G. Harvey has been of great importance and provided initial reading for the first chapter of this book. I thank very much Prof. Zhendi Wang, who even though was not able to contribute to this book nominated a number of authors. Over these years of my research on PAHs, a number of people have played outstanding and prominent role, among them are Prof. Herbert Coker of University of Lagos and Prof. Pete Palmer of San Francisco State University. I thank very much Prof. Vincent Anigbogu, formerly at Clarke Atlanta University who was part of the initial plan for this book and who has encouraged and given important inputs throughout this period. Dr. Cornelius Uboh of University of Pennsylvania gave some useful insight for the book. I thank very much my colleagues at the University of Lagos especially Dr. Biodun Ayoola who read through some of the chapters and provided her kind input. I also wish to express my gratitude to some other scientists at the University of Lagos who are also seriously engaged in PAHs research namely Dr. Kehinde Olayinka and Prof. Babajide Alo, and so many colleagues and students with whom I have discussed this project.
Download or read book Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds written by Lawrence B. Ebert and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents accounts of current research in polynuclear aromatic compounds, showing examples of studies both of pure compounds and of complex, fossil fuel related mixtures. Offers a thorough knowledge of aromatic chemistry through coverage of reduction, oxidation, and thermal reactions--including applications developed for both coal and petroleum materials. Featured topics include quantum chemical structure-reactivity relationships, spatial configurations of large polynuclear hydrocarbons, cyclophanes, and desulfurization of heterocycles. Scientists studying all aspects of the chemistry of polynuclear aromatics will discover important, pertinent information in this volume.
Download or read book The Carcinogenic Effects Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Andreas Luch and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2005-08-22 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview on the molecular mode of action of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are by-products arising from incomplete combustion of organic matter that are frequently released into our environment, and thus are ubiquitously detectable. Many PAHs are strong carcinogens in rodent bioassays and have been linked to increased incidences of various types of cancer in humans. The present book covers all aspects of PAH-induced carcinogenesis; it is a collection of articles written by some of the most recognizable PAH researchers, reviewing the present knowledge in this field. The topics include: exposure to and biomonitoring of PAHs in the human population; metabolic activation of PAHs; genotoxicity and repair of PAH-induced DNA damage; and factors modulating individual susceptibility to the deleterious effects of PAHs.
Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Hazards to Fish Wildlife and Invertebrates written by Ronald Eisler and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Bjorseth and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1985-12-06 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume concerns sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), their emission factors, and relative importance. It deals with exposure, uptake, metabolism, and detection of PAH in the human body. The volume contains an update of information in environmental and biochemical studies of PAH.
Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1983-01-01 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
