Download or read book Polybutylene Succinate Production Cost Analysis PBS E21A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Polybutylene Succinate (PBS) production from glucose syrup and butanediol. The process examined is a combination of a process similar to Myriant process (for producing bio-succinic acid) with a process similar to Uhde Inventa-Fischer process. In this process, a 70 wt% glucose-water syrup is used as raw material for generating succinic acid and ammonium sulfate is generated as by-product. The succinic acid is then combined with This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 8778656, issued to Myriant in 2014 (2) US Patent 20150065678, issued to Uhde Inventa-Fischer Gmbh in 2015 (3) US Patent 8604156, issued to Hitachi in 2013 Keywords: Dextrose, Butanedioic Acid, Anaerobic Fermentation, Bio-Succinic Acid, Bio-Butanediol, BDO, 2R Process, Biodegradable Polymer

Download or read book Polybutylene Succinate Production Cost Analysis PBS E11A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Polybutylene Succinate (PBS) production from succinic acid and butanediol. The process examined is similar to Uhde Inventa-Fischer process. In this process, tetrahydrofuran (THF) is generated as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 20150065678, issued to Uhde Inventa-Fischer Gmbh in 2015 (2) US Patent 8604156, issued to Hitachi in 2013 Keywords: Bio-Succinic Acid, Bio-Butanediol, BDO, 2R Process, Biodegradable Polymer

Download or read book Polybutylene Succinate Production Process Cost Analysis PBS E31B written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Polybutylene Succinate (PBS) production from raw sugar and butanediol. The process examined is a combination of a process similar to Myriant process (for producing bio-succinic acid) with a process similar to Uhde Inventa-Fischer process. In this process, raw sugar (sucrose) is diluted and sucrose is hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose (invert sugars). The invert sugars are then fermented to produce Succinic Acid. This step generates ammonium sulfate as by-product. The succinic acid is then combined with butanediol to generate the Polybutylne Succinate. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 8778656, issued to Myriant in 2014 (2) US Patent 20150065678, issued to Uhde Inventa-Fischer Gmbh in 2015 (3) US Patent 8604156, issued to Hitachi in 2013 Keywords: Dextrose, Butanedioic Acid, Anaerobic Fermentation, Bio-Succinic Acid, Bio-Butanediol, BDO, 2R Process, Biodegradable Polymer

Download or read book Plastic Waste and Recycling written by Trevor M. Letcher and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-03-10 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plastic Waste and Recycling: Environmental Impact, Societal Issues, Prevention, and Solutions begins with an introduction to the different types of plastic materials, their uses, and the concepts of reduce, reuse and recycle before examining plastic types, chemistry and degradation patterns that are organized by non-degradable plastic, degradable and biodegradable plastics, biopolymers and bioplastics. Other sections cover current challenges relating to plastic waste, explain the sources of waste and their routes into the environment, and provide systematic coverage of plastic waste treatment methods, including mechanical processing, monomerization, blast furnace feedstocks, gasification, thermal recycling, and conversion to fuel. This is an essential guide for anyone involved in plastic waste or recycling, including researchers and advanced students across plastics engineering, polymer science, polymer chemistry, environmental science, and sustainable materials. Presents actionable solutions for reducing plastic waste, with a focus on the concepts of collection, re-use, recycling and replacement Considers major societal and environmental issues, providing the reader with a broader understanding and supporting effective implementation Includes detailed case studies from across the globe, offering unique insights into different solutions and approaches

Download or read book Clay Polymer Nanocomposites written by Khouloud Jlassi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-07-26 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites is a complete summary of the existing knowledge on this topic, from the basic concepts of synthesis and design to their applications in timely topics such as high-performance composites, environment, and energy issues. This book covers many aspects of synthesis such as in- situ polymerization within the interlamellar spacing of the clays or by reaction of pristine or pre-modified clays with reactive polymers and prepolymers. Indeed, nanocomposites can be prepared at industrial scale by melt mixing. Regardless the synthesis method, much is said in this book about the importance of theclay pre-modification step, which is demonstrated to be effective, on many occasions, in obtaining exfoliated nanocomposites. Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites reports the background to numerous characterization methods including solid state NMR, neutron scattering, diffraction and vibrational techniques as well as surface analytical methods, namely XPS, inverse gas chromatography and nitrogen adsorption to probe surface composition, wetting and textural/structural properties. Although not described in dedicated chapters, numerous X-ray diffraction patterns of clay–polymer nanocomposites and reference materials are displayed to account for the effects of intercalation and exfoliations of layered aluminosilicates. Finally, multiscale molecular simulation protocols are presenting for predicting morphologies and properties of nanostructured polymer systems with industrial relevance. As far as applications are concerned, Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites examines structural composites such as clay–epoxy and clay–biopolymers, the use of clay–polymer nanocomposites as reactive nanocomposite fillers, catalytic clay-(conductive) polymers and similar nanocomposites for the uptake of hazardous compounds or for controlled drug release, antibacterial applications, energy storage, and more. The most comprehensive coverage of the state of the art in clay–polymer nanocomposites, from synthesis and design to opportunities and applications Covers the various methods of characterization of clay–polymer nanocomposites - including spectroscopy, thermal analyses, and X-ray diffraction Includes a discussion of a range of application areas, including biomedicine, energy storage, biofouling resistance, and more

Download or read book Algae Based Polymers Blends and Composites written by Khalid Mahmood Zia and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-06-19 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Algae Based Polymers, Blends, and Composites: Chemistry, Biotechnology and Material Sciences offers considerable detail on the origin of algae, extraction of useful metabolites and major compounds from algal bio-mass, and the production and future prospects of sustainable polymers derived from algae, blends of algae, and algae based composites. Characterization methods and processing techniques for algae-based polymers and composites are discussed in detail, enabling researchers to apply the latest techniques to their own work. The conversion of bio-mass into high value chemicals, energy, and materials has ample financial and ecological importance, particularly in the era of declining petroleum reserves and global warming. Algae are an important source of biomass since they flourish rapidly and can be cultivated almost everywhere. At present the majority of naturally produced algal biomass is an unused resource and normally is left to decompose. Similarly, the use of this enormous underexploited biomass is mainly limited to food consumption and as bio-fertilizer. However, there is an opportunity here for materials scientists to explore its potential as a feedstock for the production of sustainable materials. Provides detailed information on the extraction of useful compounds from algal biomass Highlights the development of a range of polymers, blends, and composites Includes coverage of characterization and processing techniques, enabling research scientists and engineers to apply the information to their own research and development Discusses potential applications and future prospects of algae-based biopolymers, giving the latest insight into the future of these sustainable materials

Download or read book Polylactic Acid written by Lee Tin Sin and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2019-06-15 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polylactic Acid: A Practical Guide for the Processing, Manufacturing, and Applications of PLA, Second Edition, provides a practical guide for engineers and scientists working in PLA and on the development of emerging new products. The current market situation for PLA and biodegradable polymers is described, along with applications across a range of market sectors. In addition, the mechanical, chemical, thermal, rheology and degradation properties are included. Updates include new chapters covering various processing methods, as well as recycling methods, and additives and processing aids. New applications cover a range of products (including 3D Printing), and an environmental assessment, including regulatory aspects. The book is not only a useful introduction to this topic, but also a practical, readily applicable reference book that will support decision-making in the plastics industry. Presents an essential reference for engineers, scientists and product designers considering switching to a sustainable plastic Covers the properties, synthesis and polymerization of PLA, along with processing techniques involved in fabricating parts from this polymer Includes critical new chapters on processing, additives, recycling and environmental considerations relating to PLA

Download or read book Biopolymer Based Formulations written by Kunal Pal and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-01-18 with total page 966 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biopolymer-Based Formulations: Biomedical and Food Applications presents the latest advances in the synthesis and characterization of advanced biopolymeric formulations and their state-of-the-art applications across biomedicine and food science. Sections cover the fundamentals, applications, future trends, environmental, ethical and medical considerations, and biopolymeric architectures that are organized in nano, micro and macro scales. The final section of the book focuses on novel applications and recent developments. This book is an essential resource for researchers, scientists and advanced students in biopolymer science, polymer science, polymer chemistry, polymer composites, plastics engineering, biomaterials, materials science, biomedical engineering, and more. It will also be of interest to R&D professionals, scientists and engineers across the plastics, food, biomedical and pharmaceutical industries. Provides in-depth coverage of methods for the characterization of the physical properties of biopolymeric architectures Supports a range of novel applications, including scaffolds, implant coatings, drug delivery, and nutraceutical encapsulation systems Includes the use of experimental data and mathematical modeling, thus enabling the reader to analyze and compare the properties of different polymeric gels

Download or read book Processing of Green Composites written by Pawan Kumar Rakesh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of chapters focusing on green composite materials. The selection of natural fibers and polymer matrix materials, and the bonding between them forms an essential aspect of this book. The book discusses the chemical treatment of natural fibers and their compatibility with different matrix materials. The growing applications of composites in every day life ranging from automobiles to aerospace are also discussed. The book highlights the importance of processing of natural fiber reinforced composite materials to enhance their mechanical strength and performance. The contents of this book will be beneficial for students, researchers and industry professionals working on composite materials.

Download or read book Models for Thermodynamic and Phase Equilibria Calculations written by Stanley I. Sandler and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-10-07 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a definitive state-of-the-art review of the models used in applied thermodynamics. Dis-cusses all aspects of thermodynamic modeling relevant to the chemical industry-including activ4 coefficient models, equations of state, mixture group contribution methods, and specialized procedures for polymer and ele tr@01 e solutions.

Download or read book Handbook of Composite Fabrication written by Güneri Akovali and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a concise reference book for someone who has just started working in the composites field, as well as for technologists already active in the area. The chapters in this handbook have been written by experts in their fields and so the information on a particular subject area can be regarded as state of the art. Each chapter is fully referenced, illustrated and includes case studies and applications of polymer composite fabrications.

Download or read book Mechanics of Composite Materials written by Stephen W. Tsai and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Film Properties of Plastics and Elastomers written by Laurence W. McKeen and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2012-04-25 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preface -- 1. Introduction to Plastics and Polymers -- 2. Chapter 2 - Introduction to the Mechanical, Thermal and Permeation Properties of Plastics and Elastomers -- 3. Production of films -- 4. Markets and Applications for films -- 5. Styrenic Plastics -- 6. Polyesters -- 8. Polyamides (Nylons) -- 9. Polyolefins -- 10. Polyvinyls & Acrylics -- 11. Fluoropolymers -- 12. High Temperature/High Performance Polymers -- 13. Elastomers and rubbers -- 14. Renewable Resource or biodegradable polymers -- Appendices -- Permeation Unit Conversion Factors -- Vapor Transmission rate Conversion factors.

Download or read book Introduction to Nanomaterials and Devices written by Omar Manasreh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-12-13 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An invaluable introduction to nanomaterials and their applications Offering the unique approach of applying traditional physics concepts to explain new phenomena, Introduction to Nanomaterials and Devices provides readers with a solid foundation on the subject of quantum mechanics and introduces the basic concepts of nanomaterials and the devices fabricated from them. Discussion begins with the basis for understanding the basic properties of semiconductors and gradually evolves to cover quantum structures—including single, multiple, and quantum wells—and the properties of nanomaterial systems, such as quantum wires and dots. Written by a renowned specialist in the field, this book features: An introduction to the growth of bulk semiconductors, semiconductor thin films, and semiconductor nanomaterials Information on the application of quantum mechanics to nanomaterial structures and quantum transport Extensive coverage of Maxwell-Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac, and Bose-Einstein stastistics An in-depth look at optical, electrical, and transport properties Coverage of electronic devices and optoelectronic devices Calculations of the energy levels in periodic potentials, quantum wells, and quantum dots Introduction to Nanomaterials and Devices provides essential groundwork for understanding the behavior and growth of nanomaterials and is a valuable resource for students and practitioners in a field full of possibilities for innovation and invention.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining written by Mohamed A. Fahim and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-11-19 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining presents the fundamentals of thermodynamics and kinetics, and it explains the scientific background essential for understanding refinery operations. The text also provides a detailed introduction to refinery engineering topics, ranging from the basic principles and unit operations to overall refinery economics. The book covers important topics, such as clean fuels, gasification, biofuels, and environmental impact of refining, which are not commonly discussed in most refinery textbooks. Throughout the source, problem sets and examples are given to help the reader practice and apply the fundamental principles of refining. Chapters 1-10 can be used as core materials for teaching undergraduate courses. The first two chapters present an introduction to the petroleum refining industry and then focus on feedstocks and products. Thermophysical properties of crude oils and petroleum fractions, including processes of atmospheric and vacuum distillations, are discussed in Chapters 3 and 4. Conversion processes, product blending, and alkylation are covered in chapters 5-10. The remaining chapters discuss hydrogen production, clean fuel production, refining economics and safety, acid gas treatment and removal, and methods for environmental and effluent treatments. This source can serve both professionals and students (on undergraduate and graduate levels) of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Chemistry, and Chemical Technology. Beginners in the engineering field, specifically in the oil and gas industry, may also find this book invaluable. Provides balanced coverage of fundamental and operational topics Includes spreadsheets and process simulators for showing trends and simulation case studies Relates processing to planning and management to give an integrated picture of refining

Download or read book Introduction to Polymer Clay Nanocomposites written by Ahmet Gurses and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-07-29 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on polymer-clay nanocomposite materials. It introduces readers to polymers, clays, and organo-clay and discusses the nature of interparticle interactions and physical adsorption, which are predominant in the synthesis of organo-clay; conversion of clay to organo-clay; interactions between functional groups in the interlayer region

Download or read book Epoxy Adhesive Formulations written by Edward M. Petrie and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2005-09-30 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unmodified, epoxy resins cause certain problems for both the adhesive formulator and end-user. They are often rigid and brittle; hence, impact resistance and peel strength are poor. For decades, Chemist have been vigorously working to minimize these major shortcomings. Based on a popular course sponsored by the Society of Plastics Engineers and written by an authority in the field, this comprehensive text presents a variety of methods to accomplish what up to now has been a formidable task. Beginning with epoxy chemistry, moving on to fillers, filler treatments, and surfactants, and ending with current and future development in formulating Epoxy Adhesives, this rigorous text addressed the problem of improving flexibility, durability and strength by adding chemical groups to the epoxy structure either via the base resin or the curing agent or by adding separate flexibilizing resins to the formulation to create an epoxy-hybrid adhesive.