Download or read book Poly ionic Liquid co polymers Via Controlled Radical Polymerization written by KyungWon Lee and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Polymer gel electrolytes, also known as ion gels, are attractive for next- generation solid-state electrolytes due to their avoidance of leakage and flammability issues related to organic solvent-based electrolytes. Ion gel electrolytes are formed by swelling polymers in ionic liquids or synthesizing ionic liquid block copolymers. Such materials can be tuned into smart materials for energy transport and storage by incorporating thermo-reversible groups. In order to impart such functionalities and to perform consistently and predictably, it is imperative for these polymers to be derived from well-defined structures. Controlled radical polymerization (CRP) techniques were employed as the synthesis method for such tailored microstructured polymers that form the core of the studies presented in this thesis.In the initial study of the novel ionic liquid block copolymers, this thesis presents the synthesis and characterization of two different poly(ionic liquid) block copolymers. Through the study of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate tris[2-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)ethylene] ammonium salt (AMPS-oxyethylene ammonium salt) polymer, it was aimed to synthesize well-controlled and well-defined structure AMPS oxyethylene ammonium salt polymer via two main CRP techniques, nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) and reversible-addition-fragmentation chain transfer radical polymerization (RAFT), and to prove its ability as a macroinitiator to form a diblock copolymer. Unfortunately the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) molecular weight analysis in common organic solvents was not able to generate meaningful data about the molecular weight distribution. The reason and details are explained in Chapter 3. In the second study, a poly(ionic liquid) block copolymer was synthesized. First, the block copolymer poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate - ran - styrene) - b - poly(styrene) (poly(HEMA-ran-S)-b-PS) was synthesized by NMP, then converted quantitatively into its corresponding poly(2-bromoethyl methacrylate - ran- styrene) - b - poly(styrene) (poly(BrEMA-ran-S)-b-PS), the precursor towards ionic liquid containing-polymer. The brominated block copolymer was subsequently functionalized with a nucleophile, 1-methylimidazole, becoming poly(1-[(2-methacryloyloxy)ethyl]-3-methylimidazolium bromide - ran - styrene) - b - poly(styrene) (poly([MEMIm][Br]-ran-S)-b-PS) block copolymer. The micro-phase separation and morphology of the poly(ionic liquid) diblock copolymer was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM image indicated weak microphase separated morphology with no long-range periodic order, shown in Chapter 4." --

Download or read book Polymerized Ionic Liquids written by Ali Eftekhari and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series covers the fundamentals and applications of different smart material systems from renowned international experts.

Download or read book Synthesis of Stimuli responsive Polymers Via Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization and Characterization in Aqueous and Ionic Liquid Solutions written by Chi Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Stimuli-responsive polymers have been touted as "smart" due to their fast and reversible responses to environmental changes. It is imperative for these polymers to have well-defined structures so that their performance can be consistent and predictable. In order to achieve this, nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP) was employed as the synthesis technique for the microstructured polymers that form the core of the investigations presented in this thesis. As one of the main controlled radical polymerization techniques, NMP stands out for its simplicity in both required ingredients and purification procedures. Many known stimuli-responsive polymers are poly(methacrylates). However, homopolymerization of methacrylates has been challenging for NMP mainly due to the large equilibrium constant that resulted in high concentration of active radicals and thus excessive irreversible terminations. By using a small amount of "controlling co-monomer" such as styrene, copolymerizations with methacrylate-rich feeds can be controlled using the commercially available alkoxyamine initiator BlocBuilderTM via NMP, featuring linear increases in number average molecular weight versus conversion, and narrow molecular weight distribution.In this thesis, two methacrylates, namely 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and benzyl methacrylate (BzMA), whose homopolymers exhibit LCST-type phase separation behaviours in aqueous and ionic liquid (IL) solutions, respectively, were copolymerized with various controlling co-monomers by NMP to demonstrate the versatility of NMP in tuning thermo-responsive properties. For both methacrylates, styrene was initially used as the controlling co-monomer to obtain copolymers with relatively narrow molecular weight distribution and ability to extend chains to form block copolymers when reinitiated with a fresh batch of monomer. 2-Vinylpyridine (2VP) was then chosen to copolymerize with DMAEMA for its lower hydrophobicity compared to styrene and pH-sensitivity, where about 2 - 5 mol% 2VP was shown sufficient to obtain well-defined DMAEMA/2VP copolymers. The detailed phase behaviour characterization of these DMAEMA-rich copolymers in aqueous solutions revealed the effects of important factors such as pH, copolymer composition, solution concentration and polymer microstructure, on the tuning of transition temperatures.For BzMA, 9-(4-vinylbenzyl)-9H-carbazole (VBK) was used as an alternative controlling co-monomer. Controlled and pseudo-"living" copolymerizations were achieved with as little as 2 mol% VBK in the feed, demonstrating significant improvement compared to the BzMA/styrene system. The incorporation of fluorescent VBK resulted in 5-fold fluorescence enhancement during the phase separation of BzMA/VBK copolymers from IL [C2mim][NTf2]. The enhancement resulted from heightened efficiency of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between BzMA and VBK during aggregation. However, the solvatophobicity of VBK also significantly reduced the solubility of BzMA/VBK copolymers in the IL and rendered the phase separation irreversible. Further investigation on the effects of solvatophilicity and chain mobility on phase separation and reversibility in ILs was carried out by incorporating varying amounts of solvatophilic co-monomer, namely methyl methacrylate (MMA) and oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA), yielding BzMA/MMA/VBK and BzMA/OEGMA/VBK terpolymers. It was found that molecular weight, glass transition temperature, and solution concentration all played important roles on phase separation temperature but sufficiently high solvatophilicity (quantified by the concentration of solvatophilic group) was essential to facilitate the re-dissolution process after phase separation. " --

Download or read book Applications of Ionic Liquids in Polymer Science and Technology written by David Mecerreyes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-08 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the latest knowledge in the science and technology of ionic liquids and polymers in different areas. Ionic liquids (IL) are actively being investigated in polymer science and technology for a number of different applications. In the first part of the book the authors present the particular properties of ionic liquids as speciality solvents. The state-of-the art in the use of ionic liquids in polymer synthesis and modification reactions including polymer recycling is outlined. The second part focuses on the use of ionic liquids as speciality additives such as plasticizers or antistatic agents. The third part examines the use of ionic liquids in the design of functional polymers (usually called polymeric ionic liquids (PIL) or poly(ionic liquids)). Many important applications in diverse scientific and industrial areas rely on these polymers, like polymer electrolytes in electrochemical devices, building blocks in materials science, nanocomposites, gas membranes, innovative anion sensitive materials, smart surfaces, and a countless set range of emerging applications in different fields such as energy, optoelectronics, analytical chemistry, biotechnology, nanomedicine or catalysis.

Download or read book Controlled living Radical Polymerization written by Krzysztof Matyjaszewski and published by Academic. This book was released on 2009 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent progress in the field of controlled/living radical polymerization.

Download or read book Free Radical Polymerization in Room Tem p erature Ionic Liquids written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The methodology of conventional free radical polymerization was employed throughout our research to study polymerization behavior in three RTILs (room temperature ionic liquids): 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoroposphate ([BMIM]PF6), (tetrabutylammonium dioctyl) sulfosuccinate (Terrasail) and (1-isopropyl- 3-methylimidazolium) methanesulfonate (Marisail). Sequential addition free radical polymerization in RTILs emerged as a new route to obtain polystyrene - poly(methyl methacrylate) block copolymers. We applied the same strategy to the block copolymerization of other two systems: the monomer pair of styrene-vinyl acetate in Terrasail, and the monomer pair of styrene-acrylic acid in [BMIM]PF6. While styrene-vinyl acetate block copolymers with a composition of 50% (VAc mol%) were obtained, the polymerization of styrene-acrylic acid only yielded polymers with mainly styrene units. Therefore, sequential addition free radical polymerization in RTILs is not effective on all polymerization systems (eg. Styreneacrylic acid/[BMIM]PF6). Our study on free radical homopolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in RTILs showed that the positive effects of employing RTILs as reaction medium could be extended from polymerization of alkyl methacrylates to that of functional methacrylates. All of the reactions exhibited very high polymerization rates, and the resulting products possessed higher molecular weight than those polymers obtained using methanol as solvent. Copolymerizations of the monomer pairs styrene/vinyl acetate, styrene/acrylic acid, styrene/HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) were carried out in RTILs via conventional free radical polymerization. However, our results failed to show any dramatic effects of RTILs on the free radical copolymerization, although RTILs are believed to be able to enhance the rates of propagation while depressing the rates of termination in homopolymerizations.

Download or read book Controlled Radical Polymerization written by Krzysztof Matyjaszewski and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent work in polymer chemistry has allowed scientists to control the polymerization reaction and produce increasingly well-defined polymers. This volume examines current work in the field and describes the synthesis of new materials. It includes discussions of nitroxide-mediated and metal-mediated radical polymerizations. It also includes an overview of the fundamentals of radical chemistry, making it accessible to a wide range of chemists and materials scientists.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Ionic Liquids written by Suojiang Zhang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-03 with total page 1391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The encyclopedia consists 13 subareas as follows: 1: Synthesis and Characterisation of Ionic Liquids (Section Editors: Prof. Fu-Wei Li and Prof. Zhen Li) 2: Physicochemical Properties of Ionic Liquids (Section Editors: Asso. Prof. Qing Zhou, Prof. Xingmei Lu and Prof. Xiaoyan Ji) 3: Computational and Theoretical Modeling of Ionic Liquids (Section Editors: Prof. Guang Feng and Prof. Peter T. Cummings) 4: Toxicology and Biodegradation of Ionic Liquids (Section Editors: Prof. Chunxi Li and Prof. Stefan Stolte) 5: Ionic Liquids in Electrochemistry (Section Editors: Prof. Yingying Lu, Prof. Houlong Zhuang and Prof. Chuan Zhao) 6. Ionic Liquids in Organic Reaction (Section Editors: Prof. Liang-Nian He and Prof. Bhalchandra M. Bhanage) 7. Ionic Liquids in Separation (Section Editors: Prof. Huabin Xing) 8. Ionic Liquids in Biomass and Biomolecules (Section Editors: Prof. Toshiyuki Itoh and Prof. Jian Sun) 9. Ionic Liquids in Materials Science (Section Editors: Prof. Sheng Dai and Prof. Tao Wang) 10. Ionic Liquids in Polymer Science (Section Editors: Asso. Prof. Jinming Zhang and Prof. Jun Zhang) 11. Ionic Liquids in Environmental Science (Section Editors: Prof. Tiancheng Mu, Prof. Arunprakash T. Karunanithi and Prof. Yingxiong Wang) 12. Ionic Liquids in Green Chemistry (Section Editors: Prof. Buxing Han and Prof. Peter Licence) 13. Emerging Applications of Ionic Liquids (Pharmacology, Food Science, Agriculture, Nuclear Science Technology, Optics) (Section Editors: Prof. Zhonghao Li and Prof. Maya Guncheva) This encyclopedia is systematic and comprehensive, with detailed descriptions about theory, technology, and industrial applications. This encyclopedia is valuable for students, researchers and industrial players, giving them a quick understanding and overview of ionic liquids in various aspects.

Download or read book Principles of Chemical Kinetics written by Gorden Hammes and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles of Chemical Kinetics is devoted to the principles and applications of chemical kinetics. The phenomenology and commonly used theories of chemical kinetics are presented in a critical manner, with particular emphasis on collision dynamics. How and what mechanistic information can be obtained from various experimental approaches is stressed throughout this book. Comprised of nine chapters, this text opens with an overview of reaction rates and their empirical analysis, along with theories of chemical kinetics. The following chapters consider reactions and unimolecular decompositions in the gas phase; chemical reactions in molecular beams; and energy transfer and partitioning in chemical reactions. Kinetics in liquid solutions and fast reactions in liquids are also described. The final chapter looks at the kinetics of enzymes, with particular reference to steady state and transient state kinetics, the pH and temperature dependence of kinetic parameters, and the mechanism underlying enzymatic action. This monograph is intended for students with a general college background in chemistry, physics, and mathematics, and with a typical undergraduate course in physical chemistry.

Download or read book Advanced Applications of Ionic Liquids written by Jamal Akhter Siddique and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-11-02 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Applications of Ionic Liquids discusses the intersection of nanotechnology with ionic liquids (ILs) and materials, along with opportunities for advanced engineering applications in various research fields. Novel materials at nano scales with ILs creates an upsurge in the thermal and electrochemical constancy of the nano scale particles, making them ideal for industrial applications. The implementation of ILs at nano scale includes an interaction of constituents, which is beneficial for electron transfer reactions. These new composites can be implemented as sensors, electronics, catalysts and photonics. Including ILs in polymer composites enhance electrochemical consistency, govern particle size, upsurge conductivity, reduce toxicity, and more. This book is a comprehensive reference for researchers working with IL based technologies for environmental and energy applications. Covers all industrial aspects and advanced applications of ionic liquids (ILs) Discusses the advanced applications of ILs across multiple fields, including industrial chemistry and chemical engineering Includes a discussion of the use of ionic liquids in functional polymers, with applications for catalysis, energy conservation, sensors, and more

Download or read book Ionic Polymerization written by Shiro Kobayashi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2000-12-07 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Symposium on Ionic Polymerization (IP'99) was held in Kyoto, Japan, July 1999. It was sponsored by IUPAC, the Chemical Society of Japan, the Society of Polymer Science, Japan, the Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan and the Japan Chemical Innovation Institute. The research areas covered were directed at the traditional fields of cationic, anionic and ring-opening polymerization, as well as polymer synthesis, including radical, metal catalyzed, and enzymatic polymerization, plus polycondensation and new polymer architecture. The papers in this volume of Macromolecular Symposia cover a broad range of topics illustrative of the symposium.

Download or read book Ionic Polymerizations and Related Processes written by Judit E. Puskas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Ionic Polymerization and Related Processes, internationally recognised academic and industrial researchers discuss and debate the latest developments in the field. The major focus is on cationic polymerizations, but related anionic and controlled radical processes are also discussed.

Download or read book Ionic Liquids and Their Application in Green Chemistry written by Jamal Akhter Siddique and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-07-20 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ionic liquids and Their Application in Green Chemistry covers the synthesis and characterization of a broad range of ionic liquids (ILs) and their polymers, along with their application in multiple areas for nanomaterials and environmental sustainability. The book provides reference material for future research in IL-based technologies for environmental and energy applications. It covers not only the conventional IL applications. but also advanced IL polymer-based materials and their application in energy storage and energy generator applications. Finally, the book discusses the major fields of application of IL-based materials in synthesis of nanomaterials and the role in graphene synthesis and its composites. Written by eminent scholars and leading experts from around the world, this book brings the literature up to date on the most recent progress in the field of IL based materials and their applications for the environmental sustainability. Covers a broad area of applications, discussing the combination of materials and green chemistry, along with ILs Provides complete information on the relationship between IL-based nanocomposites and their application in energy harvesting Presents detailed case studies to help readers understand all the pros and cons of using these materials in their future research

Download or read book Thermosoftening Plastics written by Gülşen Akın Evingür and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-02-26 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermosoftening Plastics are polymers that can be manipulated into different shapes when they are hot, and the shape sets when it cools. If we were to reheat the polymer again, we could re-shape it once again. Modern thermosoftening plastics soften at temperatures anywhere between 65 oC and 200 oC. In this state, they can be moulded in a number of ways. They differ from thermoset plastics in that they can be returned to this plastic state by reheating. They are then fully recyclable because thermosoftening plastics do not have covalent bonds between neighbouring polymer molecules. Methods of shaping the softened plastic include: injection moulding, rotational moulding, extrusion, vacuum forming, and compression moulding. The scope of this book covers three areas of thermosoftening plastics, thermoplastic materials, and their characterization. The following tests are covered in the book: thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry, heat deflection temperature test), optical properties tests (fluorescence spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy), and mechanical properties tests (thermogravimetry, rheometry, short term tensile test).

Download or read book Synthesis and Applications of Copolymers written by Anbanandam Parthiban and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-23 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the reactivity of monomers is crucial in creating copolymers and determining the outcome of copolymerization. Covering the fundamental aspects of polymerization, Synthesis and Applications of Copolymers explores the reactivity of monomers and reaction conditions that ensure that the newly formed polymeric materials exhibit desired properties. Referencing a wide-range of disciplines, the book provides researchers, students, and scientists with the preparation of a diverse variety of copolymers and their recent developments, with a particular focus on copolymerization, crystallization, and techniques like nanoimprinting and micropatterning.

Download or read book Controlled Living Radical Polymerization written by Krzysztof Matyjaszewski and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2007-01-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The preparation and characterization of new materials with precisely controlled macromolecular dimensions, functionalities, and decomposition, as well as with well-defined topologies, is perhaps the main focus of contemporary polymer synthesis. The best control of molecular functions can be achieved in a controlled/living polymerization -- a chain growth process without chain breaking reactions. Recently, controlled/living polymerizations have extended to radical systems which are not only commercially important, but also have the largest potential due to the availability of radically polymerizable monomers, facile copolymerization and undemanding experimental conditions. Controlled Radical Polymerization will examine recent advances in mechanistic and synthetic aspects of controlled/living radical (co)polymerization systems. Not only will this book be focused on recent progress in the dynamically developing field of controlled/living radical polymerization, but it will be a sequel to the very popular ACS Symposium Series 685, 768, and 854. The book will consist of >30 chapters separated into seven subsections: Fundamentals, Mechanism of ATRP, Mechanisms of SFRP and Degenerative Transfer Processes, Controlled Architecture by CRP, Organic-inorganic Hybrids by CRP, Biomaterials by CRP and Industrial Applications. This book targets chemists and polymer scientists in academia and in industry.

Download or read book Aqueous Size Exclusion Chromatography written by P.L. Dubin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1988-05-01 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid development of new packings for aqueous size-exclusion chromatography has revolutionized this field. High resolution non-adsorptive columns now make possible the efficient separation of proteins and the rapid and precise determination of the molecular weight distribution of synthetic polymers. This technology is also being applied to the separation of small ions, the characterization of associating systems, and the measurement of branching. At the same time, fundamental studies are elucidating the mechanisms of the various chromatographicprocesses.These developments in principles and applications are assembled for the first time in this book. Fundamental issues are dealt with: the roles of pore structure and macromolecular dimensions, hydrophobic and electrostatic effects, and the determination and control of column efficiency. High-performance packings based on derivatized silica are reviewed in detail. Special techniques are thoroughly described, including SEC/LALLS, inverse exclusion chromatography, and frontal zone chromatography. Attention is focussed on special applications of size-exclusion methods, such as the characterization of micelles, separations of inorganic ions, and Hummel-Dreyer and related methods for equilibrium systems. Protein chromatography is dealt with in both dedicated sections and throughout the book as a whole.This is a particularly comprehensive and authoritative work - all the contributions review broad topics of general significance and the authors are of high repute. The material will be of special value for the characterization of synthetic water-soluble polymers, especially polyelectrolytes. Biochemists will find fundamental and practical guidance on protein separations. Researchers confronted with solutes that exhibit complex chromatographic behavior, such as humic acids, aggregating proteins, and micelles should find the contents of this volume illuminating.