Download or read book Pollution Under Environmental Regulation in Energy Markets written by Francesco Gullì and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-14 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pollution Under Environmental Regulation in Energy Markets provides a study of environmental regulation when energy markets are imperfectly competitive. This theoretical treatment focuses on three relevant cases of energy markets. First, the residential space heating sector where hybrid regulation such as taxation and emissions trading together are possible. Second, the electricity market where transactions are organized in the form of multi-period auctions. Third, namely natural gas (input) and electricity (output) markets where there is combined imperfect competition in vertical related energy markets. The development of free or low carbon technologies supported by energy policies, aiming at increasing security of supply, is also explored whilst considering competition policies that reduce market power in energy markets thus improving market efficiency. Pollution Under Environmental Regulation in Energy Markets discusses the key issues of whether imperfect competition can lessen the ability of environmental policy to reduce pollution and/or to minimize the cost of meeting environmental targets. Policymakers, analysts and researchers gain a thorough understanding of the performance of environmental policy from Pollution Under Environmental Regulation in Energy Markets leading to better design of simulation models of performance and costs of environmental regulation.
Download or read book Pollution Under Environmental Regulation in Energy Markets written by Francesco Gullì and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-12-14 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pollution Under Environmental Regulation in Energy Markets provides a study of environmental regulation when energy markets are imperfectly competitive. This theoretical treatment focuses on three relevant cases of energy markets. First, the residential space heating sector where hybrid regulation such as taxation and emissions trading together are possible. Second, the electricity market where transactions are organized in the form of multi-period auctions. Third, namely natural gas (input) and electricity (output) markets where there is combined imperfect competition in vertical related energy markets. The development of free or low carbon technologies supported by energy policies, aiming at increasing security of supply, is also explored whilst considering competition policies that reduce market power in energy markets thus improving market efficiency. Pollution Under Environmental Regulation in Energy Markets discusses the key issues of whether imperfect competition can lessen the ability of environmental policy to reduce pollution and/or to minimize the cost of meeting environmental targets. Policymakers, analysts and researchers gain a thorough understanding of the performance of environmental policy from Pollution Under Environmental Regulation in Energy Markets leading to better design of simulation models of performance and costs of environmental regulation.
Download or read book Governmental Actions Affecting the Environment and Their Effects on Energy Markets written by Charlie McCormick and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Market based Approaches to Environmental Regulation written by Ted Gayer and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2006 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Market-based Approaches to Environmental Regulation reviews the economics literature of market-based environmental regulations and design issues for environmental taxes and cap-and-trade systems. It begins by reviewing the economics literature on the theory of market-based environmental regulations. It then goes on to cover design issues for environmental taxes and cap-and-trade systems. Market-based Approaches to Environmental Regulation also discusses the U.S. experience with a number of regulatory approaches that are commonly characterized as market-based and describes the mix of market and non-market instruments that characterize these policies. Market-based Approaches to Environmental Regulation will be of interest to all researchers and practitioners in the field of environmental regulation.
Download or read book Essays on Environmental Regulations in Electricity Markets written by Yanming Sun and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reducing the Greenhouse Gas pollution and promoting energy efficiency among consumers' energy use have been major public policy issues recently. Currently, both the United States and the European Union have set up explicit percentage requirements that require energy generators or consumers to undertake a certain percentage of their energy production or consumption from renewable sources. To achieve their renewable targets, the Tradable Green Certificates (TGC) system has been introduced in their electricity markets. Moreover, in order to promote energy conservation and achieve energy efficiency targets, price policies and price changes derived from environmental regulations have played a more important role in reducing electricity consumption. My research studies problems associated with these policy implementations. In Chapter 1, I analyze a competitive electricity market with two countries operated under a common TGC system. By using geometric illustrations, I compare the two countries' welfare when the renewable quota is chosen optimally under the common certificate market with three different situations. The policy recommendation is that when the value of damage parameter is sufficiently small, full integration with a TGC market is welfare superior to full integration of an all fossil-fuel based market with an optimal emissions standard. In Chapter 2, by analyzing a stylized theoretical model and numerical examples, I investigate the performance of the optimal renewables policy under full separation and full integration scenarios for two countries' electricity markets operated under TGC systems. In my third chapter, I look at residential electricity consumption responsiveness to increases of electricity price in the U.S. and the different effect of a price increase on electricity use for states of different income levels. My analysis reveals that raising the energy price in the short run will not give consumers much incentive to adjust their appliances and make energy conservation investments to reduce electricity use, while in the long run, consumers are more likely to lower their electricity consumption, facing the higher electricity price induced from regulation policies. In addition, for states of higher per capita GDP, raising the electricity price may be more effective to ensure a cut in electricity consumption.
Download or read book The Costs and Benefits of Environmental Regulation written by Imad A. Moosa and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2014-11-28 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: øThe authors present an extensive survey of the empirical evidence on the determinants of environmental performance as well as the effects of environmental regulation on the costs of production, plant location, firm-level productivity, stock prices and
Download or read book Energy and Environment Regulation written by Helen Lawton Smith and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-27 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central theme of this book is the relationship between the regulation of energy production and environmental regulation. The book explores four themes: Assessing Regulatory Impacts; Energy Pricing; Public Policy towards New Investment and Multi-Regulation, and includes contributions from leading analysts in the fields of economics, law, politics, business and technology policy.
Download or read book International Energy Experience The Markets Regulation And The Environment written by G Mackerron and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2000-04-19 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How far can energy markets be free as well as competitive? What do low oil prices mean for the oil industry and other energy markets? How can economic efficiency in the energy industries be reconciled with environmental protection? How far is the UK model of liberalising electricity and gas industries being applied elsewhere in the world and how is it faring, at home and abroad? These are typical questions addressed in this collection of articles written by an international group of economists. Edited by the leaders of the two leading UK academic centres of energy economics, the book demonstrates how important the analysis of policy and regulatory frameworks has become for those interested in efficient energy and environmental outcomes./a
Download or read book What Price Clean Air written by Committee for Economic Development. Research and Policy Committee and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy and Emissions Markets written by Tom James and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-02-17 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by best selling author Peter C. Fusaro and renowned energy market expert and commentator Tom James, this book demonstrates that the forces of energy and environmental issues and linked more than ever before. The beginning of European emissions and trading in 2005 and the implementation of the Kyoto protocol have accelerated efforts already underway in the US to use market forces to remediate environmental issues. Topics such as emissions trading, renewable energy trading, the fourth dimension in energy trading, and new outcomes on green project finance will be analyzed in this book.
Download or read book Environmental Regulation and the Electric Power Industry written by Douglas Christopher Mitarotonda and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reliable supply of electricity over an electrical network is essential for modern societies. The electrical network is a complex grid connecting electric generation units, or generators, with the consumers who use the energy to meet their daily needs. In order to successfully provide electric energy to consumers each day, certain regulations are implemented by the regional dispatcher of electricity to ensure its uninterrupted delivery even if a mild contingency occurs. Unlike the electric energy consumed by each individual consumer, which is a private good because consumers use and pay for exactly what they use, the electric reliability supplied over the network is a public good. This is because all consumers in a region receive the same level of electric reliability, no matter how much electricity is individually consumed. While the reliable supply of electricity is crucial, there is also serious concern about the negative environmental impacts of the air pollution created by these generators. Depending on the type of air pollutant, it can have either a uniform or localized impact, called global or criteria pollutants, respectively. Though global and criteria pollutants impact the environment differently, both have properties of public goods because all consumers in the region affected by the pollutant receive the same level of air pollution, no matter how much electricity is individually consumed. Further complicating the layering of environmental regulation on top of electric reliability regulation is that the path of electricity over the network, the dispersion of global pollutants through the air, and the dispersion of criteria pollutants through the air generally differ. In order to explore the interactions of electric reliability and environmental regulation, both a theoretical and numerical simulation framework is built. The main exploration of the theoretical model is to compare, while considering electric reliability and environmental pollution, the social welfare maximizing solution to the competitive market solution. This is done to determine if competitive markets for electricity and either global or criteria air pollutants can achieve the socially optimal solution. In addition to the theoretical analysis, numerical simulations of a highly simplified electricity network and airshed for Northeastern North America are built. The model is exercised under varying combinations of variables in order to test the practical significance of the theoretical results. The adjustment of the model variables allows for meaningful research in two primary areas. The first area is understanding the policy impacts of environmental regulation, such as the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), when faced with various constraints on the electric grid, such as a required reserve margin. The second area is to study varying methodological practices for modeling the electric grid by comparing alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) simulation results and the effect of their different estimates of line constraints based upon both thermal load and voltage level. The results of the theoretical analysis lead to the conclusion that after assuming a central planner has set variables surrounding the transmission grid, complicating interdependencies in markets for criteria pollutants make achieving the socially optimal solution unlikely. Markets for global pollutants can more easily achieve the socially optimal solution due to the lack of these interdependencies. The numerical simulations demonstrate a major issue that can arise in attempts to regulate air pollution on a regional basis in a policy such as the RGGI. "Leakage" occurs when the cost of generating electricity to pollution emitting generators in the regions where air pollution regulation applies is increased, inducing larger imports of electricity from external unregulated regions that do not face the same emission cost. The resulting outcome may diminish the effectiveness of the regulation in reducing pollution or, in the worst case, increase total emissions. The outcome of the simulations shows that leakage is a major concern for the RGGI's ability to reduce net emissions. The numerical simulations also demonstrate that the outcomes critically depend on the methodology used in solving the system. Both a DC approximation of the actual AC system (flows are modeled by linear equations in a DC network) and the more realistic non-linear AC network that includes constraints on voltage levels (a public good that in reality must be kept within bounds) are modeled. In addition, the electric transmission power constraints are relaxed to examine their importance. The difference in complexity between AC modeling and DC modeling as well as transmission constraints become especially important when the network is operated at high prices for the regulated air pollutants, causing significant changes to the mix of the fuel type used by dispatched generators.
Download or read book Energy and Environment Multiregulation in Europe written by Piotr Jasinski and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title was first published in 2000. Using the latest surveys and original data, this volume contrasts energy and environmental policies in Western and Eastern Europe. In doing so, it provides an overview of European environmental regulation as a whole and suggests how best developments in the mature market economies of the West may be adapted for the transition economies of the East.
Download or read book Markets the State and the Environment written by Robyn Eckersley and published by Macmillan Education AU. This book was released on 1995 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A reference book consisting mainly of revised versions of selected papers presented at a workshop on 'Bureaucracy, Markets and the Environment', held in October 1992 at Monash University. Critically examines the range of tools for environmental protection available to governments. Provides a set of principles and recommendations to guide environmental policy makers and various contributors assess the various instruments for environmental protection against a range of criteria. Considers developments in environmental management in Europe, US and Australia. Includes an index. The author has also written 'Environmentalism and Political Theory'.
Download or read book Environmental Policies for Air Pollution and Climate Change in the New Europe written by Caterina De Lucia and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-13 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interlinked issues of air pollution and energy policies in an enlarged Europe are currently subjects of major interest in economic, environmental, geography and regional sciences. This interest is understandable given the considerable consequences on human health and on climate change issues at not only a European, but a global level. In addition, the recent effects of economic fluctuation and oil prices as well as the actual restructuring of the European energy supply and security market raise a great deal of policy challenges. These issues have become an increasingly relevant concern, as the optimal design of policy by centralised European institutions has come under greater scrutiny. This book presents an integrated approach to recent regulations on air pollution with particular emphasis on transborder air pollution, climate change and energy policies in the new Europe. This integrated vision embraces the extent to which global pollution influences policy decisions at different institutional levels; the magnitude, by virtue of policy simulation analysis, of environmental policy tools (i.e. environmental taxes) on aggregate welfare and transboundary air emissions fluxes in light of the recent enlargement process; the European Trading System and its flexible mechanisms to curb carbon emissions and fulfil the European Union Kyoto Protocol’s commitments; and the developments of the new European energy strategy and its interdependencies across energy requirements, innovation, competitiveness and climate change. The book is primarily aimed at Postgraduates and Postdoctoral research students in economics, environmental economics, environmental sciences, or environmental policy disciplines. However, it should also be of interest to environmental economists, energy policy analysts, members of governmental and non-governmental agencies dealing with environmental policy, climate change or air pollution.
Download or read book Energy Law Climate Change and the Environment written by Martha M. Roggenkamp and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2021-05-21 with total page 865 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume of the Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law provides an overview of the major elements of energy law from a global perspective. Based on an in-depth analysis of the energy chain, it offers insight into the impacts of climate change and environmental issues on energy law and the energy sector. This timely reference work highlights the need for modern energy law to consider environmental impacts and promote the use of clean energy sources, whilst also safeguarding a reliable and affordable energy supply.
Download or read book Environmental Policy Between Regulation and Market written by C. Jeanrenaud and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental policies have traditionally relied on direct controls and on government investment to protect natural resources. Today, the drawbacks and impediments to this approach are evident: heavy burdens borne by companies and the community, complex regulations, a danger of legislative inflation, difficulties in meeting the goals set, to name a few. In response, the environmental authorities in many countries have begun to reassess the efficacy of their programs, with the result that market incentives and voluntary agreements with companies or branches of industry have been added to the arsenal of traditional environmental protection measures. There are great expectations for new economic instruments, which offer the twofold advantage of giving companies more freedom in the choice of means, and of increasing the chances for meeting goals in a more cost-effective way. The authors of this book analyse these instruments - green taxes, tradeable permits, covenants, joint implementation, internationally tradeable quotas - from the point of view of costeffectiveness, their ability to achieve environmental goals, and public and corporate acceptability. They endeavour to determine on the basis of experience to date, whether these instruments are living up to the hopes placed in them.
Download or read book Hidden Costs of Energy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-05-26 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the many benefits of energy, most of which are reflected in energy market prices, the production, distribution, and use of energy causes negative effects. Many of these negative effects are not reflected in energy market prices. When market failures like this occur, there may be a case for government interventions in the form of regulations, taxes, fees, tradable permits, or other instruments that will motivate recognition of these external or hidden costs. The Hidden Costs of Energy defines and evaluates key external costs and benefits that are associated with the production, distribution, and use of energy, but are not reflected in market prices. The damage estimates presented are substantial and reflect damages from air pollution associated with electricity generation, motor vehicle transportation, and heat generation. The book also considers other effects not quantified in dollar amounts, such as damages from climate change, effects of some air pollutants such as mercury, and risks to national security. While not a comprehensive guide to policy, this analysis indicates that major initiatives to further reduce other emissions, improve energy efficiency, or shift to a cleaner electricity generating mix could substantially reduce the damages of external effects. A first step in minimizing the adverse consequences of new energy technologies is to better understand these external effects and damages. The Hidden Costs of Energy will therefore be a vital informational tool for government policy makers, scientists, and economists in even the earliest stages of research and development on energy technologies.
