Download or read book Small Business Policy in Japan and the United States written by Yuko Aoyama and published by Institute of International Studies International Institute o. This book was released on 1996 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Policies for Small Business in Japan written by Yoshirō Miwa and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Small Firms and Innovation Policy in Japan written by Cornelia Storz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-11-14 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using comparative studies and original research, this book discusses the extent to which the Japanese economy encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.
Download or read book 21st Century Innovation Systems for Japan and the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-05-15 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognizing that a capacity to innovate and commercialize new high-technology products is increasingly a key for the economic growth in the environment of tighter environmental and resource constraints, governments around the world have taken active steps to strengthen their national innovation systems. These steps underscore the belief of these governments that the rising costs and risks associated with new potentially high-payoff technologies, their spillover or externality-generating effects and the growing global competition, require national R&D programs to support the innovations by new and existing high-technology firms within their borders. The National Research Council's Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP) has embarked on a study of selected foreign innovation programs in comparison with major U.S. programs. The "21st Century Innovation Systems for the United States and Japan: Lessons from a Decade of Change" symposium reviewed government programs and initiatives to support the development of small- and medium-sized enterprises, government-university- industry collaboration and consortia, and the impact of the intellectual property regime on innovation. This book brings together the papers presented at the conference and provides a historical context of the issues discussed at the symposium.
Download or read book Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Japan written by Yanhui Zhang and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2005-05-19 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject Business economics - Offline Marketing and Online Marketing, grade: 1,0, University of Northampton, language: English, abstract: Japan is the second largest industry nation in the world. At the end of World War II Japan was in ruins and lagged far behind the industrialized and experienced western nations. However, it has managed to compete against almost all other countries in relatively short time without any appreciable help. The small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as the main corporation form have played a crucial role for the country’s miracle and development of the modern economy after the war, as large companies were all destroyed, people have lost their livelihood and world markets were shrinkage. Today, the small and medium-sized enterprises are still serving as the driving and dominant force for the domestic economy. According to JETRO (2002), the total number of small and medium-sized enterprises in Japan are 6.51 million, which represent 99.1 % of the total businesses (excluding primary industry); SMEs’ contribution amounts to 81% of the total employment (excluding employment in the prime industries), 51.7% of the total shipment of manufacturing industry, 61% of the total sale in the whole sale and 78% in the retail. Clearly, the growth of the Japanese SMEs depends on several success factors, such as technologies, marketing skills, capital funds and effective resource management in the last four decades (Ohmea, 1982). However, some western countries like U.K. and France were using the same development strategy as Japan after the World War II, and their economies still declined dramatically competing with Japan. Therefore, there must be some special influential factors in the Japanese companies that are totally different from western models. This paper focuses mainly on the socio-cultural development of SMEs in Japan with typical Japanese characteristics and analyses the influential yet distinguishing success factors and their implications for the Japanese SMEs. The paper will further approach the socio-cultural disadvantages of the existing systems and the government roll for Japanese SMEs and draw conclusion in the last section.
Download or read book Outline of Policy for Smaller Enterprises written by Japan. Chūshō Kigyōchō and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Outline of government policy in respect of medium and small enterprises of the manufacturing industry and other small scale industry plants in Japan - covers the modernisation of business organization, credit facilities for renewal of equipment, management reforms, taxation, financing, measures to facilitate cooperative activities and to encourage mergers, the implementation of research projects, etc., and comments on relevant legislation. Diagrams and statistical tables.
Download or read book Outline of Policy for Smaller Enterprises written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Small and Medium size Enterprise Support Policies in Japan written by Motoshige It? and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Venture Businesses in Japan and VB Promotion Policies written by Japan. Tsūshō Sangyōshō and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Outline of Small and Medium Enterprise Policies of the Japanese Government written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Small Business in Korea Japan and Taiwan written by Hoon Joo Park and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite similar histories, cultures, and positions in the international system, Korea, Japan, and Taiwan have followed distinct modernization trajectories. The differences in the effect of financial policies on small businesses in the three countries are explained and their similarities in the process of policy-change over time are traced. An analytical framework is proposed after the working terminology is described. Two factors explain financial policies on small businesses: the degree of organization of small businesses (SMEs) and the type of regime coalition. Two measures of SME organization are used: organizational cohesion and membership size. Postwar "dirigiste" regime coalitions in the three countries are classified as growth-oriented and stability-oriented, and it is argued that the "dirigiste" coalition politics model explains both snapshot differences and important similarities in processes of policy change. Statistic variations and dynamic changes in financial policy on small businesses are discussed in the Korean, Japanese, and Taiwanese contexts, respectively. The findings suggest that economic policymaking in East Asia is explained not only by technocratic preferences of an elite bureaucracy but also by political exigencies and the choices of the regime coalition. It was not crises that dictated the changes in SME-related financial policies, but the shifting balance of political power between regime coalitions.(CBS).
Download or read book What Role Can Financial Policies Play in Revitalizing SMEs in Japan written by Mr.Waikei W. Lam and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-12-11 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper discusses the role the financial sector can play in supporting growth in Japan. While overall credit conditions have been accommodative, credit growth has remained weak, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Firm-level SME data and sectoral corporate balance sheets show that many SMEs have faced structural challenges of high leverage and low profitability. Moreover, the global financial crisis has weakened the financial position across SMEs, particularly for those with low credit worthiness. These challenges are closely related to low availability of riskcapital and the pervasiveness of credit support measures. This paper argues that to encourage the supply of risk-based capital, costly government support measures should be phased out and SME restructuring be accelerated. Efforts are also needed to deepen capital markets to enhance risk capital availability and address regulatory barriers to starting businesses. In that regard, addressing SMEweaknesses would improve private investment, enhance firm productivity, and lift growth.
Download or read book Outline of Small and Medium Enterprises Policies of the Japanese Government written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Japan s Foreign Policy After the Cold War written by G.L. Curtis and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-09-16 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A documentation of the impact of recent changes in the international system of Japan's foreign policy. Chapters include: diplomatic style; the thrust for economic success; the search for security; and the impact of international relations with neighbouring countries.
Download or read book Japan s Managed Globalization written by Ulrike Schaede and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-03-27 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As Japan moves from a "catch-up" strategy to a post-developmental stage, it is changing its actions and reactions both in terms of international political economy and domestic policy issues. The current changes in Japan can best be understood as following a path toward "permeable insulation." Japan's government and economic system continue to insulate domestic businesses from full competition and the rigor of market forces, but this insulation is also permeable because a decline in state power vis-a-vis the private sector since the 1990s has combined with a decline in the solidarity of private institutions (such as keiretsu or trade associations) to make strategies of insulation much less rigid and uniform. As a result of the "permeable insulation," Japan's response to the global and domestic challenges of the 1990s is neither one of full acceptance nor rejection of global standards and practices. Instead, the basic scheme is one of pragmatic utilization of new rules and circumstances to continue industrial policies of promotion or protection in a new post-developmental era. By bringing together in-depth case studies of eight critical issue areas, this book looks at Japan's responses to globalization and move toward "permeable insulation." Part 1 introduces the reader to the concept of "permeable insulation" and provides a detailed review of past practices and changes in policy. Part 2 deals with international trade issues, Japan's compliance with and resistance to global trade rules, and the domestic interests visible in Japan's compliance. Part 3 focuses on domestic measures and policies that Japanese firms have used to adapt to the changes, within Japan and abroad, triggered by globalization and liberalization.
Download or read book Crisis and Compensation written by Kent E. Calder and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-13 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why does Japan, with its efficiency-oriented technocracy, periodically adopt welfare-oriented, economically inefficient domestic policies? In answering this question Kent Calder shows that Japanese policymakers respond to threats to the ruling party's preeminence by extending income compensation, entitlements, and subsidies, with market-oriented retrenchment coming as crisis subsides. "Quite simply the most ambitious and strongly argued interpretation of a key dimension of Japanese political life to appear in English this decade."--David Williams, Japan Times "Historically dense and conceptually rich.... [Forces] readers' attention to the domestic underpinnings of Japanese foreign policy."--Donald S. Zagoria, Foreign Affairs "Punctures the myth of Japan Inc. as a cool, rational monolith...."--Kathleen Newland, Millennium "A bold reinterpretation of Japanese politics that will force us to rethink many of our current assumptions and will influence our research agenda."--Steven R. Reed, Journal of Japanese Studies
Download or read book State Policies and Techno Industrial Innovation written by Ulrich Hilpert and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-01-31 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behind the rhetoric of `intervention' and `deregulation' which has accompanied state attempts to stimulate technological innovation in the last decade is secreted a story of failed ambitions, confusion, muddle and incoherence. Techno-industrial innovation does make demands on the state, not only in terms of new industries, but also in regard to the inter-relation of industrial and R&D policy and the creation of markets. This book provides a comparative analysis of techno-industrial innovation in Europe, Japan and the USA. Drawing on case studies ranging from the semi-conductor to the biotechnology industries, the book presents a comprehensive and detailed survey of national strategies for the internal and world markets and sets them in their political context, where `the costs may be high and the pay-offs uncertain'.
