Download or read book Varieties of Police Behavior written by James Q. WILSON and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The patrolman has the most difficult, complex, and least understood task in the police department. Much less is known of him than of his better publicized colleague, the detective. In this important and timely book, James Q. Wilson describes the patrolman and the problems he faces that arise out of constraints imposed by law, politics, public opinion, and the expectations of superiors. The study considers how the uniformed officer in eight communities deals with such common offenses as assault, theft, drunkenness, vice, traffic, and disorderly conduct. Six of the communities are in New York State: Albany, Amsterdam, Brighton, Nassau County, Newburgh, and Syracuse. The others are Highland Park, Illinois, and Oakland, California. Enforcing laws dealing with common offenses is especially difficult because it raises the question of administrative discretion. Murder, in the eyes of the police, is unambiguously wrong, and murderers are accordingly arrested; but in cases such as street-corner scuffles or speeding motorists, the patrolman must decide whether to intervene (should the scuffle be stopped? should the motorist be pulled over?) and, if he does, just how to intervene (by arrest? a warning? an interrogation?). In most large organizations, the lowest-ranking members perform the more routinized tasks and the means of accomplishing these tasks are decided by superiors, but in a police department the lowest-ranking officer--the patrolman--is almost solely responsible for enforcing those laws which are the least precise, the most ambiguous. Three ways or "styles" of policing--the watchman, the legalistic, and the service styles--are analyzed and their relation to local politics is explored. In the final chapter, Mr. Wilson discusses if and how the patrolman's behavior can be changed and examines some current proposals for reorganizing police departments. He observes that the ability of the patrolman to do his job well may determine our success in managing social conflict and our prospects for maintaining a proper balance between liberty and order. Table of Contents: 1. Introduction 2. THE PATROLMAN The Maintenance of Order Justice as a Constraint Some Organizational Consequences 3. THE POLICE ADMINISTRATOR Managing Discretion Critical Events 4. POLICE DISCRETION The Determinants of Discretion The Eight Communities The Uses of Discretion 5. THE WATCHMAN STYLE The Organizational Context Some Consequences 6. THE LEGALISTIC STYLE The Organizational Context Some Consequences 7. THE SERVICE STYLE The Organizational Context Some Consequences 8. POLITICS AND THE POLICE Politics and the Watchman Style Politics and the Service Style Politics and the Legalistic Style Some Findings from National Data 9. CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS Reviews of this book: [This book] is a departure from the traditional treatise...and actually does take a large and long-awaited step toward revitalizing an exciting and important but inexcusably weak area of political science. --The American Political Science Review Reviews of this book: This book "must unquestionably become an indispensable study of politics in the American city. It is based on enormous and detailed research ... The material is presented in a controlled and disciplined no-nonsense style. --New York Review of Books Reviews of this book: This is surely one of the most informative books about the police ever written .... Varieties of Police Behavior is a rich, sophisticated book by an author unusually able to tackle the comprehensiveness and interdependence of the issues which affect police performance, and his analysis and conclusions have much to teach. --Times Literary Supplement It is, without doubt, the finest book on the American police ever written, and Professor Wilson is one of our best-known scholars of urban affairs...Rich...full to the brim with increasing details and shrewd insight. Anyone who wants to have an informed opinion about the policeman's relations to law and order ought to read it. --Irving Kristol

Download or read book Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-04-06 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because police are the most visible face of government power for most citizens, they are expected to deal effectively with crime and disorder and to be impartial. Producing justice through the fair, and restrained use of their authority. The standards by which the public judges police success have become more exacting and challenging. Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing explores police work in the new century. It replaces myths with research findings and provides recommendations for updated policy and practices to guide it. The book provides answers to the most basic questions: What do police do? It reviews how police work is organized, explores the expanding responsibilities of police, examines the increasing diversity among police employees, and discusses the complex interactions between officers and citizens. It also addresses such topics as community policing, use of force, racial profiling, and evaluates the success of common police techniques, such as focusing on crime "hot spots." It goes on to look at the issue of legitimacyâ€"how the public gets information about police work, and how police are viewed by different groups, and how police can gain community trust. Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing will be important to anyone concerned about police work: policy makers, administrators, educators, police supervisors and officers, journalists, and interested citizens.

Download or read book Police Behavior Hiring and Crime Fighting written by John A. Eterno and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited collection by internationally recognized authors provides essays on police behavior in the categories of police administration, police operations, and combating specific crimes. Individual chapters strike at critical issues for police today, such as maintaining the well-being of officers, handling stress, hiring practices, child sexual exploitation, gunrunning, crime prevention strategies, police legitimacy, and much more. Understanding how police are hired and behave is a way of understanding different governments around the world. The book will cover the practices of countries as diverse as China, Germany, India, Japan, Turkey, South Africa, the United States, and others. Readers will be exposed to aspects of police that are rarely, if ever, explored. The book is intended for a wide range of audiences, including law enforcement and community leaders and students of criminal justice.

Download or read book Varieties of Police Behavior written by James Q. Wilson and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1978 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In his new preface, Wilson reviews changes in police styles during the past decade, and explains the reasons for these changes. Varieties of Police Behavior remains unsurpassed in delineating the role of the patrolman and the problems he faces due to constraints imposed by law, politics, public opinion, and the expectations of superiors.

Download or read book Peer Reporting of Unethical Police Behavior written by Vedat Kargin and published by LFB Scholarly Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kargin examines police officersOCO decision making with regard to peer reporting of unethical police behavior. On a theoretical level, a peer reporting model was developed based on RestOCOs (1984) OC four component, OCO TrevinoOCOs (1986) OC a person-situation interactionist, OCO and, finally, JonesOCO (1991) OC issue-contingentOCO models of ethical decision making for investigation of police officersOCO peer reporting decisions. The results suggest that the perceived seriousness of the unethical behavior is the strongest predictor of police officersOCO peer reporting in minor and moderate policy violations. However, officersOCO attitudes toward professional ethics codes are the strongest predictors of their peer reporting intentions in situations involving major policy violations."

Download or read book Race and Police Brutality written by Malcolm D. Holmes and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2008-11-13 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disputes standard explanations of police brutality against minority citizens to offer new insights and suggestions on dealing with this problem.

Download or read book Understanding Human Behavior For Effective Police Work written by Harold Russell and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 1990-10-10 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When it first appeared in 1976, Understanding Human Behavior for Effective Police Work quickly became the foremost guide for the officer on the force and the recruit in the classroom. Today, the new third edition is still the only comprehensive book on the subject. Thoroughly revised and updated, this edition covers important new developments in the field, including the emergence of Critical Incident Stress Debriefing Teams, which help emergency service personnel survive the impact of critical incident stress. This edition also addresses the psychological aspects of proactive police work. In a world ridden by drugs and violence, it is no longer enough merely to respond to incidents. Police forces around the country are being called upon to perform community-based services to reclaim neighborhoods dominated by crime.As in the previous editions, the heart of the book is a virtual catalog—enlivened by vivid case histories—of the kinds of deviant behavior today's police officer is likely to confront, along with valuable suggestions on identification and management.

Download or read book The Routledge History of Police Brutality in America written by Thomas Aiello and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-04-11 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook offers a comprehensive historical overview and analysis of police brutality in US history and the variety of ways it has manifested itself. Police brutality has been a defining controversy of the modern age, brought into focus most readily by the murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis and the mass protests that occurred as a result in 2020. However, the problem of police brutality has been consistent throughout American history. This volume traces its history back to Antebellum slavery, through the Gilded Age, the Progressive Era, the two world wars and the twentieth century, to the present day. This handbook is designed to create a generally holistic picture of the phenomenon of police brutality in the United States in all of its major lived forms and confronts a wide range of topics including: Race Ethnicity Gender Police reactions to protest movements (particularly as they relate to the counterculture and opposition to the Vietnam War) Legal and legislative outgrowths against police brutality The representations of police brutality in popular culture forms like film and music The role of technology in publicizing such abuses, and the protest movements mounted against it The Routledge History of Police Brutality in America will provide a vital reference work for students and scholars of American history, African American history, criminal justice, sociology, anthropology, and Africana studies.

Download or read book Police Behavior written by Richard J. Lundman and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1980 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This course-oriented anthology of eighteen studies of police behavior provides a representative sample of the newest research. Illustrating the environmental or organizational roots of police conduct and misconduct, the selections present a coherent theory of police behavior and dispute the conventional wisdom of its origins.

Download or read book Forces of Order written by David H. Bayley and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1976 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Determinants of Police Behavior written by Daniel Cruse and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methodology for analyzing police behavior, specifically, the interrelationship of variables which affect police patrol performance. It has been suggested that a major determinant of the outcome of a police-citizen street contact is the physical and psychological condition of the officer at the time of the contact. As a preliminary step in testing this hypothesis, a pilot research project was conducted in Miami, Florida. This report discusses a methodology for analyzing police behavior and examines the interrelationship of variables which effect police patrol performance. Four Miami patrolmen were trained in behavioral observation techniques and a volunteer group of twelve radio - patrolmen to be observed was selected. The researchers developed a checklist to record police citizen interactions and constructed fatigue and stress scales to rate police performance. Among the behavioral determinants investigated, length of experience on the force - (for better or for worse) stood out as an influential factor. Other factors likely to affect police behavior were found to be the type of a call, the neighborhood, the shift, the day of the week, and number of citizens involved. Emphasizing the importance of the process of identification, the authors recommend that experienced officers should be selected for training men during the cadet probationary period. While this study is a novel approach to measuring police and contains some interesting results on the variable factors studied, the results might have been more meaningful if a larger sample had been used. The study did not clearly demonstrate the advantages of using police observers to record police behavior and did not specifically suggest means for measuring personality, stress of fatigue in a future study.

Download or read book The Encyclopedia of Police Science written by Jack R. Greene and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2007 with total page 1575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1996, this work covers all the major sectors of policing in the United States. Political events such as the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, have created new policing needs while affecting public opinion about law enforcement. This third edition of the "Encyclopedia" examines the theoretical and practical aspects of law enforcement, discussing past and present practices.

Download or read book Police Brutality Misconduct and Corruption written by James F. Albrecht and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Brief proposes a criminological typology for understanding and addressing police misconduct. Through examination of each major type of police misconduct, the author proposes future research directions to deter and prevent misconduct. According to an examination of 50 years of police misconduct cases within the New York Police Department (NYPD) and Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), the author proposes 5 major typologies: police corruption, police criminality, excessive use of force, abuse of authority, and police misconduct. Through a systematic examination of each of these five types, the author aims to break down the nebulous topic of police misbehavior into manageable categories, with their own set of causes, and recommendations for detection and prevention. This work will be of interest for researchers in criminology and criminal justice, particularly with an interest in police studies, and related fields such as public policy and sociology. It will also be of interest for policymakers.

Download or read book Police Violence written by William A. Geller and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1959-12-11 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the prevalence of police-citizen conflict has diminished in recent decades, police use of excessive force remains a concern of police departments nationwide. This timely book focuses on what is known and what still needs to be learned to understand, prevent, and remediate police abuse of force. The topics covered include: a theory of police abuse of force; the causes of police brutality; measures of its prevalence; the violence-prone police officer; public opinion about police abuse of force; the issue of race; officer selection, training, and attitudes; police unions and police culture; administrative review; procedural justice and the review of citizen complaints; the role of lawsuits; and a survey of police brutality abroad. In the final chapter Geller and Toch suggest new directions for research and practical innovations in law enforcement, from which both police and citizens can benefit. The contributors to this volume are scholars of criminology, criminal justice, social psychology, law, and public administration; former police managers; a police union leader; civilian oversight agency administrators and analysts; civil liberties advocates; police litigation expert witnesses; and media commentators. The combination of theoretical and practical perspectives makes this book ideal for students and scholars of democratic policing and for those in police departments, government, and the media charged with addressing and understanding the problem of improper exercise of force.

Download or read book Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-05-06 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because police are the most visible face of government power for most citizens, they are expected to deal effectively with crime and disorder and to be impartial. Producing justice through the fair, and restrained use of their authority. The standards by which the public judges police success have become more exacting and challenging. Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing explores police work in the new century. It replaces myths with research findings and provides recommendations for updated policy and practices to guide it. The book provides answers to the most basic questions: What do police do? It reviews how police work is organized, explores the expanding responsibilities of police, examines the increasing diversity among police employees, and discusses the complex interactions between officers and citizens. It also addresses such topics as community policing, use of force, racial profiling, and evaluates the success of common police techniques, such as focusing on crime "hot spots." It goes on to look at the issue of legitimacyâ€"how the public gets information about police work, and how police are viewed by different groups, and how police can gain community trust. Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing will be important to anyone concerned about police work: policy makers, administrators, educators, police supervisors and officers, journalists, and interested citizens.

Download or read book Unreasonable written by Devon W. Carbado and published by The New Press. This book was released on 2022-04-05 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How the Supreme Court’s decision to treat unreasonable policing as reasonable under the Fourth Amendment has shortened the distance between life and death for Black people The summer of 2020 will be remembered as an unprecedented, watershed moment in the struggle for racial equality. Published on the second anniversary of the global protests over the police killings of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor, Unreasonable is a groundbreaking investigation of the role that the law—and the U.S. Constitution—play in the epidemic of police violence against Black people. In this crucially timely book, celebrated legal scholar Devon W. Carbado explains how the Fourth Amendment became ground zero for regulating police conduct—more important than Miranda warnings, the right to counsel, equal protection and due process. Fourth Amendment law determines when and how the police can make arrests, and it determines the precarious line between stopping Black people and killing Black people. A leading light in the critical race studies movement, Carbado looks at how that text, in the last four decades, has been interpreted by the Supreme Court to protect police officers, not African Americans; how it sanctions search and seizure as well as profiling; and how it has become, ultimately, an amendment of life and death. Accessible, radical, and essential reading, Unreasonable sheds light on a rarely understood dimension of today’s most pressing issue.

Download or read book Changing Times written by Frank Mielke and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2020-03-06 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many times, the police are the first to respond to an individual in crisis; even those involving mentally ill. While we see evidence of positive change, there are still shortcomings when it comes to criminal justice response in the behavioral health system. There is a lack of access, availability, continuity, coordination, and responsiveness. But we see accomplishments to changes in attitudes and behaviors, through such programs like Crisis Intervention Specialist Training, CIT Training and Mental Health First Aid which have been well received. Changing Times: Transforming Culture and Behaviors for Law Enforcement proposes a shift to divert those in a behavioral health crisis away from incarceration and into treatment, as well as invites Law Enforcement intervention away from the criminal justice system and into treatment. The authors successfully blend the theoretical with hands-on experience throughout the book, enabling the reader to understand the influences of Law Enforcement’s tradition and other forces that drive attitudes, culture and behavior and how to bring change. The additional and difficult task ahead is to bring about systemic change in culture and a concurrent change in attitudes and behaviors. Changing Times proves to be the reliable and accessible reference for those intent on bringing change to the vital effort of diversion.