Download or read book Plant Cell Compartments selected Topics written by Benoît Schoefs and published by . This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membranes separate the interior medium from the exterior. Obviously, separation does not mean isolation and the membranes, as we can see them at present, act as selective filters across which different types of compounds such as salts, waste, nutriments, nucleotides, etc are transported. Depending on the molecule to be transported several ways can be used. How nucleotides are transported through the thylakoid membranes to the lumen and used in the chloroplast is the aim of the chapter by Drs. Spetea and Thuswaldner, while that of Drs. Paulilo and Falkenkrog reviews the composition of nuclear pores that mediate all the traffic between the nucleus and cytoplasm. In which ways, during evolution, the first cells were formed and how the different compartments appeared remain as tremendously exciting questions, but so far unsolved in many cases. Several theories have been proposed. The best known is that proposed by Margulis (1970), according to which an ancestral anaerobic prokaryote would become able to ingest solid particles such as other prokaryotes. In some cases the ingested bacteria continued to live and have evolved to give different types of membranes that eukaryotic cells contain today. This theory, also called the endosymbiotic theory, explains the origin of both the chloroplasts and the mitochondria, two major organelles of plant cells. More recently, another symbiotic theory has been proposed by Martin and Müller (1998) to explain the origin of mitochondria. While the contribution by Dr. Bizanz and collaborators traces back the unexpected fate of plastids in today's prokaryotic parasites of animal cells, the chapters by Drs. Solymosi and Schoefs, Dr. Chamarovsky and collaborators and, Dr. Rohacek and collaborators are dedicated to the biogenesis and functioning of the chloroplast membranes. The way of differentiation of the other organelles and cell compartments remain so far as unanswered questions. The search for analoguous compartments in lower organisms may provide the first elements of an answer. The chapter by Dr. H. Guo enters in this frame and offers a good example for the existence of a putative, so far unrevealed compartment analogue to the higher plant vacuole in cyanobacteria. The plant cell turgor is maintained thanks to the functioning of two typical compartments of plant cells i.e. the cell-wall and the vacuole, but these compartments play other important roles in plant physiology. The chapters by Dr. El Gharras and Dr. Martinez on the accumulation of betalain pigments in vacuoles and strawberry cell-wall softening, respectively, illustrate these aspects of the field. Even if plant cells are surrounded by a thick and rigid cell-wall, their interior is highly dynamic: the organelles are able to move. The contribution by Dr. Foissner analyzes the dynamic of mitochondria in Chara internodal cells. In contrast to animals, plants cannot escape from adverse conditions. Consequently, they have developed strategies to survive to biotic or/and abiotic stresses. In this book the description of the answers of plants to several stresses are the aim of some chapters. While the contribution by Dr. Ben Khaled and collaborators reports on the peroxidase activity in palm plantlets inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi in the presence of biocontrol agents, the chapter by Dr. Dumas-Gaudot and collaborators, describes the modifications in the protein composition occuring during the differentiation of the arbuscules. The formation of the arbuscule is accompanied by a redistribution of the colonized root cell organelles around the arbuscule and by a dramatic change in the plastid metabolism allowing them to produce secondary metabolites, including secondary carotenoid and apocarotenoid molecules (chapter by Dr. Fester). Abiotic stresses, such as nitrogen deficiency, are also able to trigger the production of secondary carotenoids. Dr. Lemoine and collaborators review such a strategy in green algae. Because secondary carotenoids are usually high added value compounds, the knowledge about the functioning of the different compartments in such a production is also of great importance for the economic side of plant science s.l. How chloroplasts cope with heavy metals is discussed in the chapter by Dr. Poirier and collaborators. During the last years, new technical tools such as confocal imaging became more popular. Their use revealed the presence of new compartments, sometimes being divided into subtle sub-compartments. The intention of this book is to bring together a serie of outstanding contributions dealing with the biosynthesis, content, distribution, function, and physiology of various plant cell compartments. By combining the major contributions in this book, I wished to contribute to the propagation of the recent developments in plant cell biochemistry and physiology, to the discovery of the wonderful plant world and, also, to mutual exchange of ideas. Without the excellent work of the different authors, who have taken great care to present an up-to-date review of their field and 'Research Signpost' as the commercial editor, this book could not have been produced. I wish to dedicate this book to the different mentors in Belgium, Czech Republic and France, who showed me the scientific way and, also to my wife for her everlasting support to me.

Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Photosynthesis Structures Mechanisms and Applications written by Harvey J.M. Hou and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-16 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To address the environmental, socioeconomic, and geopolitical issues associated with increasing global human energy consumption, technologies for utilizing renewable carbon-free or carbon-neutral energy sources must be identified and developed. Among renewable sources, solar energy is quite promising as it alone is sufficient to meet global human demands well into the foreseeable future. However, it is diffuse and diurnal. Thus effective strategies must be developed for its capture, conversion and storage. In this context, photosynthesis provides a paradigm for large-scale deployment. Photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria and has evolved over 3 billion years. The process of photosynthesis currently produces more than 100 billion tons of dry biomass annually, which equates to a global energy storage rate of ~100 TW. Recently, detailed structural information on the natural photosynthetic systems has been acquired at the molecular level, providing a foundation for comprehensive functional studies of the photosynthetic process. Likewise, sophisticated spectroscopic techniques have revealed important mechanistic details. Such accomplishments have made it possible for scientists and engineers to construct artificial systems for solar energy transduction that are inspired by their biological counterparts. The book contains articles written by experts and world leaders in their respective fields and summarizes the exciting breakthroughs toward understanding the structures and mechanisms of the photosynthetic apparatus as well as efforts toward developing revolutionary new energy conversion technologies. The topics/chapters will be organized in terms of the natural sequence of events occurring in the process of photosynthesis, while keeping a higher-order organization of structure and mechanism as well as the notion that biology can inspire human technologies. For example, the topic of light harvesting, will be followed by charge separation at reaction centers, followed by charge stabilization, followed by chemical reactions, followed by protection mechanisms, followed by other more specialized topics and finally ending with artificial systems and looking forward. As shown in the table of contents (TOC), the book includes and integrates topics on the structures and mechanisms of photosynthesis, and provides relevant information on applications to bioenergy and solar energy transduction.

Download or read book Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress written by Mohammad Pessarakli and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 1248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dynamic and expanding knowledge of environmental stresses and their effects on plants and crops have resulted in the compilation of a large volume of information in the last ten years since the publication of the second edition of the Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress. With 90 percent new material and a new organization that reflects this incre

Download or read book The Lytic Compartment of Plant Cells written by P. Matile and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost twenty years ago DE DuvE discovered the existence in rat liver cells of a novel class of subcellular structures which he termed lysosomes. As the lysosomes are the seat of various hydrolytic enzymes this discovery greatly stimulated the interest in cellular digestive processes. It is now recognized that compartmentation of hydrolases is an outstanding example of the dependence of metabolic functions on cell structure. The important role of lytic processes in plant metabolism made it interesting to correlate the facts on the various phenomena and present them from the point of view of cellular compartmentation. It is not intended to survey in extenso the litera ture on the various aspects of localization and function of hydrolases in plant cells as this would be an impossible task. The aim of this monograph is to emphasize the significance of hydrolase compartmentation rather than to strive for complete coverage of work on hydrolases in which other viewpoints have been considered. I thank Miss SONIA TURLER for her great help with the manuscript. I also wish to acknowledge the assistance given by Dr. ELSA HAUSERMANN, Mrs. DORLI FURRER, and Mrs. SILVIA STUNZI. Moreover, I am indebted to my collaborators and particularly to my colleague Dr. A. WIEMKEN for frequent and stimulating discussions on the subject. Zurich (Switzerland), February 1975 PH. MATILE Contents Abbreviations . XIII Introduction: Lysis and the Lytic Compartment. 1 1. Hydrolases and their Localization . . . . . 3 1. 1. Classification and Properties of Hydrolases 3 1. 1. 1. Peptidases . . . . . . . . .

Download or read book Plant Biochemistry written by Hans-Walter Heldt and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1 A Leaf Cell Consists of Several Metabolic Compartments 2 The Use of Energy from Sunlight by Photosynthesis is the Basis of Life on Earth 3 Photosynthesis is an Electron Transport Process 4 ATP is Generated by Photosynthesis 5 Mitochondria are the Power Station of the Cell 6 The Calvin Cycle Catalyzes Photosynthetic CO2 Assimilation 7 In the Photorespiratory Pathway Phosphoglycolate Formed by the Oxygenase Activity of RubisCo is Recycled 8 Photosynthesis Implies the Consumption of Water 9 Polysaccharides are Storage and Transport Forms of Carbohydrates Produced by Photosynthesis 10Nitrate Assimilation is Essential for the Synthesis of Organic Matter 11 Nitrogen Fixation Enables the Nitrogen in the Air to be Used for Plant Growth 12 Sulfate Assimilation Enables the Synthesis of Sulfur Containing Substances 13 Phloem Transport Distributes Photoassimilates to the Various Sites of Consumption and Storage 14 Products of Nitrate Assimilation are Deposited in Plants as Storage Proteins 15 Glycerolipids are Membrane Constituents and Function as Carbon Stores 16 Secondary Metabolites Fulfill Specific Ecological Functions in Plants 17 Large Diversity of Isoprenoids has Multiple Funtions in Plant Metabolism 18 Phenylpropanoids Comprise a Multitude of Plant Secondary Metabolites and Cell Wall Components 19 Multiple Signals Regulate the Growth and Development of Plant Organs and Enable Their Adaptation to Environmental Conditions 20 A Plant Cell has Three Different Genomes 21 Protein Biosynthesis Occurs at Different Sites of a Cell 22 Gene Technology Makes it Possible to Alter Plants to Meet Requirements of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Industry.

Download or read book Photosynthesis written by Sarah Covshoff and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Plant Environment Interactions written by František Baluška and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-03 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our image of plants is changing dramatically away from passive entities merely subject to environmental forces and organisms that are designed solely for the accumulation of photosynthate. Plants are revealing themselves to be dynamic and highly sensitive organisms that actively and competitively forage for limited resources, both above and below ground, organisms that accurately gauge their circumstances, use sophisticated cost-benefit analysis, and take clear actions to mitigate and control diverse environmental threats. Moreover, plants are also capable of complex recognition of self and non-self and are territorial in behavior. They are as sophisticated in behavior as animals but their potential has been masked because it operates on time scales many orders of magnitude less than those of animals. Plants are sessile organisms. As such, the only alternative to a rapidly changing environment is rapid adaptation. This book will focus on all these new and exciting aspects of plant biology.

Download or read book Water Stress in Plants written by Ismail M. M. Rahman and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-08-24 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water stress in plants is caused by the water deficit, as induced possibly by drought or high soil salinity. The prime consequence of water stress in plants is the disruption in the agricultural production, resulting in food shortage. The plants, however, try to adapt to the stress conditions using biochemical and physiological interventions. The edited compilation is an attempt to provide new insights into the mechanism and adaptation aspects of water stress in plants through a thoughtful mixture of viewpoints. We hope that the content of the book will be useful for the researchers working with the plant diversity-related environmental aspects and also provide suggestions for the strategists.

Download or read book Challengesin Plant Disease Detection and Recent Advancements written by Amar Bahadur and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2024-07-17 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Photosynthesis Molecular Approaches to Solar Energy Conversion written by Jian-Ren Shen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-09 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the modern world, to meet increasing energy demands we need to develop new technologies allowing us to use eco-friendly carbon-neutral energy sources. Solar energy as the most promising renewable source could be the way to solve that problem, but it is variable depending on day time and season. From this side, the understanding of photosynthesis process could be of significant help for us to develop effective strategies of solar energy capturing, conversion, and storage. Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis, annually producing around 100 billion tons of dry biomass. Presently, the detailed studies of photosynthetic system structure make functional investigations of the photosynthetic process available, allowing scientists to construct artificial systems for solar energy transduction. This book summarizes exciting achievements in understanding of photosynthetic structures and mechanisms of this process made by world leaders in photosynthesis field, and contains information about modern ideas in development of revolutionary new technologies of energy conversion. Organized according to the natural sequence of events occurring during photosynthesis, the book includes information of both photosynthetic structures and mechanisms and its applications in bioenergetics issues.

Download or read book Chlorophyll a Fluorescence written by G.C. Papageorgiou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-12 with total page 853 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chlorophyll a Fluorescence: A Signature of Photosynthesis highlights chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence as a convenient, non-invasive, highly sensitive, rapid and quantitative probe of oxygenic photosynthesis. Thirty-one chapters, authored by 58 international experts, provide a solid foundation of the basic theory, as well as of the application of the rich information contained in the Chl a fluorescence signal as it relates to photosynthesis and plant productivity. Although the primary photochemical reactions of photosynthesis are highly efficient, a small fraction of absorbed photons escapes as Chl fluorescence, and this fraction varies with metabolic state, providing a basis for monitoring quantitatively various processes of photosynthesis. The book explains the mechanisms with which plants defend themselves against environmental stresses (excessive light, extreme temperatures, drought, hyper-osmolarity, heavy metals and UV). It also includes discussion on fluorescence imaging of leaves and cells and the remote sensing of Chl fluorescence from terrestrial, airborne, and satellite bases. The book is intended for use by graduate students, beginning researchers and advanced undergraduates in the areas of integrative plant biology, cellular and molecular biology, plant biology, biochemistry, biophysics, plant physiology, global ecology and agriculture.

Download or read book Molecular Stress Physiology of Plants written by Gyana Ranjan Rout and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-02-12 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crop growth and production is dependent on various climatic factors. Both abiotic and biotic stresses have become an integral part of plant growth and development. There are several factors involved in plant stress mechanism. The information in the area of plant growth and molecular mechanism against abiotic and biotic stresses is scattered. The up-to-date information with cited references is provided in this book in an organized way. More emphasis has been given to elaborate the injury and tolerance mechanisms and growth behavior in plants against abiotic and biotic stresses. This book also deals with abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in plants, molecular mechanism of stress resistance of photosynthetic machinery, stress tolerance in plants: special reference to salt stress - a biochemical and physiological adaptation of some Indian halophytes, PSII fluorescence techniques for measurement of drought and high temperature stress signal in crop plants: protocols and applications, salicylic acid: role in plant physiology & stress tolerance, salinity induced genes and molecular basis of salt tolerance mechanism in mangroves, reproductive stage abiotic stress tolerance in cereals, calorimetry and Raman spectrometry to study response of plant to biotic and abiotic stresses, molecular physiology of osmotic stress in plants and mechanisms, functions and toxicity of heavy metals stress in plants, submergence stress tolerance in plants and adoptive mechanism, Brassinosteroid modulated stress responses under temperature stress, stress tolerant in plants: a proteomics approach, Marker-assisted breeding for stress resistance in crop plants, DNA methylation associated epigenetic changes in stress tolerance of plants and role of calcium-mediated CBL-CIPK network in plant mineral nutrition & abiotic stress. Each chapter has been laid out with introduction, up-to-date literature, possible stress mechanism, and applications. Under abiotic stress, plant produces a large quantity of free radicals, which have been elaborated. We hope that this book will be of greater use for the post-graduate students, researchers, physiologist and biotechnologist to sustain the plant growth and development.

Download or read book Structure and Function of Chloroplasts written by Hongbo Gao and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-01-21 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chlorophyll written by Eduardo Jacob-Lopes and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-05-10 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chlorophyll presents an authoritative and comprehensive overview of the biology, biochemistry and chemistry of chlorophylls in photosynthetic organisms. Divided into seven discreet parts, the book covers topics on basic science and applied technology of chlorophyll molecules. Chlorophyll provides an insight into future developments in each field and extensive bibliography. It will be an essential resource for researchers and academic and industry professionals in the natural pigment field.

Download or read book Handbook of Photosynthesis written by Mohammad Pessarakli and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-07-31 with total page 827 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fourth Edition of the Handbook of Photosynthesis offers a unique and comprehensive collection of topics in the field of photosynthesis, serving as an invaluable resource in this field. With contributions from 95 scientists and experts from over 20 countries, this volume has been divided into 13 parts, each serving independently to facilitate the understanding of the material. FEATURES Presents comprehensive information on photosynthesis under normal and environmental stress conditions Covers artificial photosynthesis and its future-related issues Contains 25 new chapters and 18 extensively revised and expanded chapters Includes three new sections: Influence of Nanoparticles on Photosynthesis; Protection of Photosynthesis System and Stress Alleviation Strategies by Photosynthates Manipulations and Photosynthesis Efficiency in Plants under Multiple Abiotic and Biotic Stressors; and Artificial Photosynthesis and Its Future Contains numerous tables, figures, illustrations, and case studies to facilitate the comprehension of the material as well as thousands of index words A primary resource in its field, Handbook of Photosynthesis, Fourth Edition, provides a comprehensive resource for researchers, academics, and for university courses, with the information as a valuable source to plan, implement, and evaluate strategies for dealing with photosynthesis issues.

Download or read book Tobacco BY 2 Cells written by Toshiyuki Nagata and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first compilation of a wealth of knowledge on tobacco BY-2 cells, often cited as the HeLa cell line of higher plants. Basic issues of cell cycle progression, cytokinesis, cell organization and factors that are involved in these processes are covered in detail. Since the tobacco cell line is used as a tool for research in molecular and cellular biology, several chapters on such studies are also included. Further, changes of primary and secondary metabolites during culture and factors that affect these processes are treated. Last but not least, the so far unpublished historical background of the BY-2 cell line is described. This volume is a must for any scientist working in the field of plant biology.