Download or read book Pixel Array Detector for Time resolved X ray Scattering written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes the development of a large-area hybrid pixel detector designed for time-resolved synchrotron x-ray scattering experiments where limited frames, with a high framing rate, is required. The final design parameters call for a 1024 x 1O24 pixel array device with 150-micron pixels that is 100% quantum efficient for x-rays with energy up to 20 keV, with a framing rate in the microsecond range. The device will consist of a fully depleted diode array bump bonded to a CMOS electronic storage capacitor array with eight frames per pixel. The two devices may be separated by a x-ray blocking layer that protects the radiation-sensitive electronics layer from damage. The signal is integrated in the electronics layer and stored in one of eight CMOS capacitors. After eight frames are taken, the data are then read out, using clocking electronics external to the detector, and stored in a RAM disk. Results will be presented on the development of a prototype 4 x 4 pixel electronics layer that is capable of storing at least 10,000 12-keV x-ray photons for a capacity of over 50 million electrons with a noise corresponding to 2 x-ray photons per pixel. The diode detective layer, electronics storage layer along with the radiation damage and blocking layers will be discussed.
Download or read book Sathya Sai education in human values written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Versatile Reprogrammable Area Pixel Array Detector for Time resolved Synchrotron X ray Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The final technical report for DOE grant DE-SC0004079 is presented. The goal of the grant was to perform research, development and application of novel imaging x-ray detectors so as to effectively utilize the high intensity and brightness of the national synchrotron radiation facilities to enable previously unfeasible time-resolved x-ray research. The report summarizes the development of the resultant imaging x-ray detectors. Two types of detector platforms were developed: The first is a detector platform (called a Mixed-Mode Pixel Array Detector, or MM-PAD) that can image continuously at over a thousand images per second while maintaining high efficiency for wide dynamic range signals ranging from 1 to hundreds of millions of x-rays per pixel per image. Research on an even higher dynamic range variant is also described. The second detector platform (called the Keck Pixel Array Detector) is capable of acquiring a burst of x-ray images at a rate of millions of images per second.
Download or read book Pixel Array Detector for Time Resolved X ray Science September 1 1997 September 14 2000 written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress on the design, fabrication, testing and assembly of two-layer Pixel Array Detectors (PADs) is described. The PADs are developed for challenging time-resolved X-ray imaging applications at synchrotron radiation X-ray sources.
Download or read book Development of a Microsecond Framing Two dimensional Pixel Array Detector for Time resolved X ray Diffraction written by Sándor Lee Barna and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Two dimensional X ray Diffraction written by Bob B. He and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An indispensable resource for researchers and students in materials science, chemistry, physics, and pharmaceuticals Written by one of the pioneers of 2D X-Ray Diffraction, this updated and expanded edition of the definitive text in the field provides comprehensive coverage of the fundamentals of that analytical method, as well as state-of-the art experimental methods and applications. Geometry convention, x-ray source and optics, two-dimensional detectors, diffraction data interpretation, and configurations for various applications, such as phase identification, texture, stress, microstructure analysis, crystallinity, thin film analysis, and combinatorial screening are all covered in detail. Numerous experimental examples in materials research, manufacture, and pharmaceuticals are provided throughout. Two-dimensional x-ray diffraction is the ideal, non-destructive analytical method for examining samples of all kinds including metals, polymers, ceramics, semiconductors, thin films, coatings, paints, biomaterials, composites, and more. Two-Dimensional X-Ray Diffraction, Second Edition is an up-to-date resource for understanding how the latest 2D detectors are integrated into diffractometers, how to get the best data using the 2D detector for diffraction, and how to interpret this data. All those desirous of setting up a 2D diffraction in their own laboratories will find the author’s coverage of the physical principles, projection geometry, and mathematical derivations extremely helpful. Features new contents in all chapters with most figures in full color to reveal more details in illustrations and diffraction patterns Covers the recent advances in detector technology and 2D data collection strategies that have led to dramatic increases in the use of two-dimensional detectors for x-ray diffraction Provides in-depth coverage of new innovations in x-ray sources, optics, system configurations, applications and data evaluation algorithms Contains new methods and experimental examples in stress, texture, crystal size, crystal orientation and thin film analysis Two-Dimensional X-Ray Diffraction, Second Edition is an important working resource for industrial and academic researchers and developers in materials science, chemistry, physics, pharmaceuticals, and all those who use x-ray diffraction as a characterization method. Users of all levels, instrument technicians and X-ray laboratory managers, as well as instrument developers, will want to have it on hand.
Download or read book Pixel Array Detectors for Ultra fast Time resolved X ray Imaging written by Matthew Joseph Renzi and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structures on Different Time Scales written by Theo Woike and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-03-05 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 1 of this work presents theory and methods to study the structure of condensed matter on different time scales. The authors cover the structure analysis by X-ray diffraction methods from crystalline to amorphous materials, from static-relaxed averaged structures to short-lived electronically excited structures, including detailed descriptions of the time-resolved experimental methods. Complementary, an overview of the theoretical description of condensed matter by static and time-dependent density functional theory is given, starting from the fundamental quantities that can be obtained by these methods through to the recent challenges in the description of time dependent phenomena such as optical excitations. Contents Static structural analysis of condensed matter: from single-crystal to amorphous DFT calculations of solids in the ground state TDDFT, excitations, and spectroscopy Time-resolved structural analysis: probing condensed matter in motion Ultrafast science
Download or read book Time Structure of X ray Sources and Its Applications written by Andreas K. Freund and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 1998 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of papers provides a forum for the exchange of information on topics related to time structures of x-ray sources and its applications.
Download or read book In situ Materials Characterization written by Alexander Ziegler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-01 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The behavior of nanoscale materials can change rapidly with time either because the environment changes rapidly or because the influence of the environment propagates quickly across the intrinsically small dimensions of nanoscale materials. Extremely fast time resolution studies using X-rays, electrons and neutrons are of very high interest to many researchers and is a fast-evolving and interesting field for the study of dynamic processes. Therefore, in situ structural characterization and measurements of structure-property relationships covering several decades of length and time scales (from atoms to millimeters and femtoseconds to hours) with high spatial and temporal resolutions are crucially important to understand the synthesis and behavior of multidimensional materials. The techniques described in this book will permit access to the real-time dynamics of materials, surface processes and chemical and biological reactions at various time scales. This book provides an interdisciplinary reference for research using in situ techniques to capture the real-time structural and property responses of materials to surrounding fields using electron, optical and x-ray microscopies (e.g. scanning, transmission and low-energy electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy) or in the scattering realm with x-ray, neutron and electron diffraction.
Download or read book Non equilibrium Dynamics of Lipid Bilayers written by Tobias Reusch and published by Universitätsverlag Göttingen. This book was released on 2013 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main goal of this thesis was to extend and apply time resolved x-ray scattering experiments at in-house, synchrotron and free electron laser sources to soft matter sample systems, in particular aligned lipid multilayers on solid support. A special emphasis was placed on a characterization of the non-equilibrium fast time response of the multilamellar stack to shortly pulsed optical excitation as well as the acousto-electric field accompanying a surface acoustic wave (SAW). In addition to fundamental questions associated with non-equilibrium dynamics of soft matter films such as driven membrane undulations, this thesis addresses technological challenges of time resolved x-ray diffraction, in particular concerning the timing scheme that has been implemented at the synchrotron storage ring Petra III, DESY, Hamburg. Importantly, a conceptually new pulse resolved x-ray detection scheme, well exceeding the performance of present detector concepts, has been developed and is described in detail.
Download or read book Dynamics and Kinetics in Structural Biology written by Keith Moffat and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-01-03 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understand the latest experimental tools in structural biology with this pioneering work Structural biology seeks to understand the chemical mechanisms and functions of biological molecules, such as proteins, based on their atomic structures. Until recently, these structures have been studied only statically, using procedures which deliberately freeze atomic motion. However, freezing eliminates the rapid structural motions so essential to biological activity and function; the molecules are inactive. But with the recent development of X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) sources, efforts to conduct dynamic experiments have expanded using the principles of dynamics and kinetics to capture active biological molecules as they function. Dynamics and Kinetics in Structural Biology promotes the development of these experiments and their successful application. It grounds readers in the foundational principles of dynamics and kinetics; proceeds through extended discussions of experimental procedures, data analysis techniques; and explores experimental frontiers in structural dynamics. The book will aid researchers to gather and interpret cutting-edge data on the dynamic structure of biological molecules, under conditions where they retain their biological functions. Dynamics and Kinetics in Structural Biology offers readers: Authorship by founding figures in the field In-depth presentation of time-resolved X-ray crystallography, solution scattering, and more A pioneering contribution to a rapidly developing field of study Dynamics and Kinetics in Structural Biology is essential reading for graduate students, scientists, researchers and industry professionals engaged in structural studies of biological systems. Industry professionals considering dynamic studies in the development of new product lines will also benefit.
Download or read book Radiation Detection Systems written by Jan Iwanczyk and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-12-03 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advances in semiconductor detectors, scintillators, photodetectors such as SiPM, and readout electronics in the past decades have led to significant progress in terms of performance and greater choice of the detection tools in many applications. This second edition of Radiation Detection Systems presents the state-of-the-art in the design of detectors and integrated circuit design, in the context of medical imaging using ionizing radiation. The material in the book has been divided into two volumes. The first volume on Sensor Materials, Systems, Technology and Characterization Measurements puts more emphasis on sensor materials, detector and front electronics technology and designs as well as system optimization for different applications. It also includes characterization measurements of the developed detection systems. The second volume on Medical Imaging, Industrial Testing and Security Applications is devoted to more specific applications of detection systems in medical imaging, industrial testing and security applications. However, there is an unavoidable certain overlap in topics between both volumes. With its combined coverage of new materials and innovative new system approaches, as well as a succinct overview of recent developments, this two volumes set is an invaluable tool for any engineer, professional, or student working in electronics or an associated field.
Download or read book Ultrafast Electronic and Structural Dynamics written by Kiyoshi Ueda and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Resolution X Ray Scattering written by Ullrich Pietsch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last 20 years interest in high-resolution x-ray diffractometry and reflectivity has grown as a result of the development of the semiconductor industry and the increasing interest in material research of thin layers of magnetic, organic, and other materials. For example, optoelectronics requires a subsequent epitaxy of thin layers of different semiconductor materials. Here, the individuallayer thicknesses are scaled down to a few atomic layers in order to exploit quantum effects. For reasons of electronic and optical confinement, these thin layers are embedded within much thicker cladding layers or stacks of multilayers of slightly different chemical composition. It is evident that the interface quality of those quantum weHs is quite important for the function of devices. Thin metallic layers often show magnetic properties which do not ap pear for thick layers or in bulk material. The investigation of the mutual interaction of magnetic and non-magnetic layers leads to the discovery of colossal magnetoresistance, for example. This property is strongly related to the thickness and interface roughness of covered layers.
Download or read book A Mixed Analog and Digital Pixel Array Detector for Synchrotron X ray Imaging written by Daniel R. Schuette and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present description and documentation of the development and first applications of the Mixed-Mode Pixel Array Detector, a new type of imaging detector for synchrotron based x-ray science. Today there exists a great gulf between the intense x-ray fluxes that modern synchrotron light sources are capable of producing and the capabilities of imaging detectors to measure the resulting signal. This detector is intended to help bridge this gulf by offering readout times of less than 1 ms, a dynamic range extending from single x-rays to a full well of more than 2.6 x 107 x-rays/pixel, capable of measuring fluxes up to 108 x-rays/pixel/s, with a sub-pixel point spread. These characteristics exceed, by orders of magnitude, the capabilities of the current generation of x-ray imagers. As a consequence this imager is poised to enable a broad range of synchrotron x-ray experiments that were previously not possible.
Download or read book Radiation Detection Systems written by Krzysztof Iniewski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-11-04 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advances in semiconductor detectors, scintillators, photodetectors such as silicon photomultipliers (SiPM), and reaodut electronics have experienced tremendous growth in recent years in terms of basic technologies and variety of applications.The second edition of the book Radiation Detection Systems presents variety of radiation detection systems giving readers a broad view of the state-of–the-art in the design of detectors, front-end electronics and systems offering optimized choices of the detection tools for a particular application. The new edition has been divided into two volumes. This first volume, on Sensor Materials, Systems, Technology and Characterization Measurements puts emphasis on sensor materials, detector structures, front electronics technology and their designs as well as system optimization for different applications. Also, the book include characterization measurements of the developed detection systems. Featuring contributions from leading experts and pioneers in their respective fields, this book • describes progress in growth technologies of cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) materials • shows variety of specific detector structure designs and their integration with front-end amplification/processing electronics • presents detection systems based on CdZnTe and CdTe detector technologies that are optimized for specific applications. The designed systems are characterized in terms of their spectral responses, spatial and timing resolutions • addresses incomplete charge collection, pulse pileup, charge sharing between neighboring detector pixels and other phenomena that can degrade the spectral response of photon-counting detectors • reports new developments of silicon photomultipliers used for reading the light from scintillators that starting to make a big impact particularly in the design concepts of novel medical instrumentation With its combined coverage of new materials and innovative new system approaches, as well as a succinct overview of recent developments, this book is an invaluable tool for any engineer, professional, or student working in electronics or an associated field. Readers can refer to the second book to get a detailed understanding of more specific applications of the detection systems in medical imaging, industrial testing and security applications.
