Download or read book Pidgins and Creoles stages in the linguistic development of Pidgins and Creoles written by Felix Staufer and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2007-05-11 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject American Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,0, University of Regensburg (Institut für Amerikanistik und Anglistik,Universität Regensburg), course: PS English as a Global Language, language: English, abstract: To offer a good reason for talking about the stages in the linguistic development of Pidgins and Creoles one should take a close look at the following statement: I think it can easily be argued that the fundamental problem for linguistic theory is to understand...how linguistic structures evolve, come into being and change into new (sub) systems and thereby to learn what the true nature of language is. Talking about the different stages to elucidate, “the true nature of language” requires the knowledge of some basic information and definitions, especially of the terms Pidgin and Creole: Pidgins are examples of partially targeted second language learning and second language creation, developing from simpler to more complex systems as communicative requirements become more demanding. Pidgin languages by definition have no native speakers – they are social rather than individual solutions – and hence are characterized by norms of acceptability. But these definitions aren’t sufficient for taking a critical look at Pidgins and Creoles. Besides several minor problems, there are two major or main problems that are fundamental to this topic. The first one is the continuing lack of longitudinal studies. This lack requires the reconstruction of “non-documented or ill-documented aspects of language development” (cf. Mühlhäusler, 1997). This reconstruction is mostly based on the idea of an uniformitarian development of language. But just like history is no steady development in one direction, the development of language isn’t either. The attempts of reconstruction do not take into consideration discontinuities in the development of language including progressive and regressive phases. The second major or main problem is that one has to make some concessions. “These include separating the dimensions of restructuring and development, in spite of the fact that actual developments are probably more realistically described as a product of these two factors.”. As the development of Pidgins and Creoles is such a complex topic, I will first of all elucidate the sociohistorical context of Pidgins and Creoles and then go on with concentrating mainly on the development of the phonology during the different stages.
Download or read book Development and Stages of Pidgins and Creoles towards Decreolization A Phonological Analysis written by Thomas Gantner and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2015-06-12 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,3, University of Rostock (Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik), course: Enriching English, language: English, abstract: First, I will briefly portray the emergence of pidgin and creole languages and their development towards the post-creole continuum. I will examine the different types of pidgin-creole developments and the phenomenon of decreolizing - the approximation of the creole towards the lexifier by using the example of the Hawaiian Creole that I will also portray out of a socio-historical point of view. That creole is officially still called ‘Hawai’i Pidgin’ by its speakers, but I will avoid using that term in my paper. Therefore, the term Hawai’i Creole English, short HCE, is more appropriate. Furthermore, I will deal with HCE’s phonology, especially with its difference to Standard English, in detail – due to the question whether HCE is decreolizing or not. As Norval S. H. Smith states, creole phonology is a “neglected field” and “younger languages” have the tendency to be not as much irregular as “elder language” tend to be.
Download or read book Pidgins and Creoles and Their Emergence written by Maria Neumann and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-06-09 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2015 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,0, University of Leipzig, language: English, abstract: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. DEFINITIONS 2 2.1 PIDGINS 2 2.2 CREOLES 3 3. THEORIES OF ORIGINS OF PIDGINS 4 3.1. BABY-TALK-THEORY 4 3.2. NAUTICAL JARGON THEORY 6 3.3. PARALLEL DEVELOPMENT THEORY 6 3.4. MONOGENETIC/RELEXIFICATION THEORY 7 4. THE DEVELOPMENT FROM PIDGIN TO CREOLE 8 4.1. JARGON STAGE 8 4.2. STABILIZATION PHASE 9 4.3. EXPANSION PHASE 9 4.4. CREOLIZATION 10 5. THE LIFE CYCLE OF CREOLES 11 5.1. DE-CREOLIZATION AND THE POST-CREOLE CONTINUUM 11 5.2. RE-CREOLIZATION 13 6. CONCLUSION 15 REFERENCES 16 PLAGIARISM DISCLAIMER 17 1. INTRODUCTION “Chrismus time ah de time ob gladness, and de time ob goodwill, when de goodwill pirit tek hold ob we, we feget ebery libing ting bout de grudge we gat against wen ex doah neighbour; an we begins fe wish him all kinda nice something, cause we feel nice weself. [...]” (Todd, 2006: 100) This sequence of Jamaican Creole is only one of the diversity in the creole-speaking world. In my term paper I will examine the emergence of a Creole. I start with an outline of the definitions of Pidgins and creoles and how they relate to each other. I continue with the most known origins of Pidgins, which is followed by the four phases of development from a Pidgin to a Creole. Finally, I will introduce the topic of De- and Re-creolization. 2. DEFINITIONS 2.1. Pidgins Defining what is a pidgin and what is not is a challenging undertaking. Generally, a Pidgin is “any combination and distortion of two languages as a means of communication.” (Sebba, 1997: 1) Pidgin English is defined as “any lingua franca consisting of English and another language.” (Sebba, 1997: 1) It is a reduced language that arises through extensive contact between different groups of people who do not share a common language (Holm, 1988: 4). The Pidgin is strengthened because there is a need for these stated groups to communicate (for example for trade) but none of these groups learns the mother tongue of the other group (Holm, 1988: 4). Speakers of these groups can be divided into at least two groups: Speakers with less power are speakers of the substrate language. Mostly, they are accommodating by adopting words of speakers with more power, speakers of the superstrate language (Holm, 1988: 5). Furthermore, the superstrate speakers accept many of the emerging changes in order to facilitate communication and to become more comprehensible, simultaneously they do not try to speak as they do within their own group (Holm, 1988: 5).
Download or read book An Introduction to Pidgins and Creoles written by John Holm and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A clear and concise introduction to the study of how new languages come into being.
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Sociolinguistics written by Rajend Mesthrie and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-06 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive overview available, this Handbook is an essential guide to sociolinguistics today. Reflecting the breadth of research in the field, it surveys a range of topics and approaches in the study of language variation and use in society. As well as linguistic perspectives, the handbook includes insights from anthropology, social psychology, the study of discourse and power, conversation analysis, theories of style and styling, language contact and applied sociolinguistics. Language practices seem to have reached new levels since the communications revolution of the late twentieth century. At the same time face-to-face communication is still the main force of language identity, even if social and peer networks of the traditional face-to-face nature are facing stiff competition of the Facebook-to-Facebook sort. The most authoritative guide to the state of the field, this handbook shows that sociolinguistics provides us with the best tools for understanding our unfolding evolution as social beings.
Download or read book Pidgin and Creole Linguistics written by Peter Mühlhäusler and published by Global Book Marketing Limited. This book was released on 1997 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pidgins and Creoles and Their Relevance to Linguistics with a Special Regard to Jamaican Creole written by Oezguer Dindar and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-09 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2009 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,7, Humboldt-University of Berlin (Anglistik), course: Contact Languages, language: English, abstract: Contact languages such like pidgins and creoles were formerly considered as broken versions of older languages and therefore were called "nigger French", "bastard Portuguese" or "broken English". But since the end of the 19th century however linguists had begun to study these languages. Since then they have no been considered as broken forms of "higher" languages but new languages with their own systems (cf. Holm 2001: 1). In this paper I will give a brief overview about the development of pidgin and creole studies in linguistics and how linguists try to draw new conclusions about the origins and evolution of languages and about language change in general by studying creole and pidgin languages. I will first define the terms jargon, pidgin and creole and then depict some theories about pidgins and creoles and illustrate in what way they could be relevant for the understanding of language in general. Secondly, I will point out some typical characteristics of the Jamaican Creole and try to relate the illustrated linguistic theories to Jamaican Creole. At the end of this paper I will briefly focus on the relevance of creoles and pidgins to sociolinguistics also on the basis of Jamaican Creole.
Download or read book The Structure and Status of Pidgins and Creoles written by Arthur K. Spears and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1997-10-06 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Destined to become a landmark work, this book is devoted principally to a reassessment of the content, categories, boundaries, and basic assumptions of pidgin and creole studies. It includes revised and elaborated papers from meetings of the Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics in addition to commissioned papers from leading scholars in the field. As a group, the papers undertake this reassessment through a reevaluation of pidgin/creole terminology and contact language typology (Section One); a requestioning of process and evolution in pidginization, creolization, and other language contact phenomena (Section Two); a reinterpretation of the sources and genesis of grammatical aspects of Saramaccan and Atlantic creoles in general (Section Three); a reconsideration of the status of languages defying received definitions of pidgins and creoles (Section Four); and analyses of aspects of grammar that shed light on the issue of what a possible creole grammar is (Section Five).
Download or read book Pidgins and Creoles written by Jacques Arends and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1995 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For review see: Geneviève Escure, in New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids, vol. 72, no. 1 & 2 (1998); p. 192-194. - For abstract see: Caribbean Abstracts, no. 7, 1995-1996 (1997); p. 11, no. 0018.
Download or read book Pidgins and Creoles Volume 2 Reference Survey written by John A. Holm and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1988 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the socio-historical development of some one hundred different pidgins and creoles.
Download or read book Language Contact in the Early Colonial Pacific written by Emanuel J. Drechsel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-27 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a historical-sociolinguistic description and analysis of Maritime Polynesian Pidgin. It offers linguistic and sociohistorical substantiation for a regional Eastern Polynesian-based pidgin, and challenges conventional Eurocentric assumptions about early colonial contact in the eastern Pacific by arguing that Maritime Polynesian Pidgin preceded the introduction of Pidgin English by as much as a century. Emanuel J. Drechsel not only opens up new methodological avenues for historical-sociolinguistic research in Oceania by a combination of philology and ethnohistory, but also gives greater recognition to Pacific Islanders in early contact between cultures. Students and researchers working on language contact, language typology, historical linguistics and sociolinguistics will want to read this book. It redefines our understanding of how Europeans and Americans interacted with Pacific Islanders in Eastern Polynesia during early encounters and offers an alternative model of language contact.
Download or read book Pidgins and Creoles Volume 1 Theory and Structure written by John A. Holm and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1988-05-05 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first volume of Holm's major survey of pidgins and creoles provides an up-to-date and readable introduction to a field of study that has become established only in the past few decades. Written for both students and general readers with a basic knowledge of linguistics, the book's original perspective will also attract specialists in the field seeking a broad overview of the linguistic relationships among these languages. Creolized, or restructured versions of English, French, Spanish, Dutch, Portugese, and other languages arose during European colonial expansion. These resulted in such creoles as Jamaican, Haitian, Papiamentu, and some one hundred others, as well as such semi-creoles as Afrikaans, non-standard Brazilian Portugese, Papiamentu, and American Black English. Scholars have tended to work on particular language varieties in relative isolation, making comparative research into the genesis, development, and structure of creoles difficult. In writing this book, Holm draws on broad studies of many languages to make clear how far-reaching creoles'similarities are and to challenge current linguistic theories on creoles and pidgins. The emphasis of this volume is largely empirical rather than descriptive. Its core is a comparative study of creoles based on European languages in Africa and the Caribbean that demonstrates the striking similarities among the languages in terms of their lexical semantics, phonology, and syntax. A forthcoming volume provides a socio-historic overview of variety development and text examples, with translations, of the restructured languages.
Download or read book Pidgins and Creoles written by Jacques Arends and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1994-12-20 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This introduction to the linguistic study of pidgin and creole languages is clearly designed as an introductory course book. It does not demand a high level of previous linguistic knowledge. Part I: General Aspects and Part II: Theories of Genesis constitute the core for presentation and discussion in the classroom, while Part III: Sketches of Individual Languages (such as Eskimo Pidgin, Haitian, Saramaccan, Shaba Swahili, Fa d'Ambu, Papiamentu, Sranan, Berbice Dutch) and Part IV: Grammatical Features (such as TMA particles and auxiliaries, noun phrases, reflexives, serial verbs, fronting) can form the basis for further exploration. A concluding chapter draws together the different strands of argumentation, and the annotated list provides the background information on several hundred pidgins, creoles and mixed languages. Diversity rather than unity is taken to be the central theme, and for the first time in an introduction to pidgins and creoles, the Atlantic creoles receive the attention they deserve. Pidgins are not treated as necessarily an intermediate step on the way to creoles, but as linguistic entities in their own right with their own characteristics. In addition to pidgins, mixed languages are treated in a separate chapter. Research on pidgin and creole languages during the past decade has yielded an abundance of uncovered material and new insights. This introduction, written jointly by the creolists of the University of Amsterdam, could not have been written without recourse to this new material.
Download or read book The Structure and Status of Pidgins and Creoles written by Arthur Kean Spears and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Destined to become a landmark work, this book is devoted principally to a reassessment of the content, categories, boundaries, and basic assumptions of pidgin and creole studies. It includes revised and elaborated papers from meetings of the Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics in addition to commissioned papers from leading scholars in the field. As a group, the papers undertake this reassessment through a reevaluation of pidgin/creole terminology and contact language typology (Section One); a requestioning of process and evolution in pidginization, creolization, and other language contact phenomena (Section Two); a reinterpretation of the sources and genesis of grammatical aspects of Saramaccan and Atlantic creoles in general (Section Three); a reconsideration of the status of languages defying received definitions of pidgins and creoles (Section Four); and analyses of aspects of grammar that shed light on the issue of what a possible creole grammar is (Section Five).
Download or read book Contact Languages written by Mark Sebba and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 1997-05-19 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contact Languages: Pidgins and Creoles aims to introduce the reader to the exciting and important field of pidgin and creole studies. The book deals with the linguistic, historical and social aspects of the development of pidgin and creole languages. Detailed case studies of individual pidgins and creoles are based around texts drawn from a range of different types and contexts (mainly contemporary), with discussion and grammatical notes. Chapters are interspersed with exercises to consolidate and develop the reader's understanding.
Download or read book Pidgins and Creoles written by Martin Basch and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2009-09-17 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2009 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,7, University of Paderborn (Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik), course: Sociolinguistics, language: English, abstract: The field of sociolinguistics deals with the relationship between language and society. According to the commentary for the seminar, "sociolinguists study the social and situational variables that govern variation within a language." Pidgins and Creoles seem to be very interesting and fascinating for sociolinguists because this topic contains several areas of research like the origin of language, language loss, social contact and language prestige and definitely the rapid development and change of these languages. The development of Pidgins and Creoles has a long history. It is said to have started with the European colonization overseas in the fifteenth century, although it is supposed that there must have been lots of language contact before. "Indeed, language contact seems likely to be nearly as old as language itself" (Holm 2000: 14). Mark Sebba does therefore give his book the title "Contact Languages" and the subtitle is "Pidgins and Creoles". It is about the contact between people speaking different languages who need a certain language to get in contact. An example therefore is "Russennorsk" that developed from the need of Russian sailors and Norwegian fishermen who needed to communicate somehow (Singh 2000: 2). However, this language does not exist any longer and has died. Research questions would be: Why did this "language" die or how did it develop; which language was responsible for lexicon and which one for grammar; were there any grammatical rules at all? In the first chapter, I will give definitions and explain important terminology. After that, I will deal with several theories of the genesis of Pidgins and Creoles and how the development of the "new" language from the beginning to a Post Creole Continuum does procee
Download or read book The Emergence of Pidgin and Creole Languages written by Jeff Siegel and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-02-28 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the emergence of pidgins and creoles and the controversies surrounding current theories about them. Among the questions considered are why their grammars are simple, at the pidgin-creole-postcreole life cycle, and the causes of grammatical innovation. The analysis is supported with detailed examples and case studies.
