Download or read book Phytophthora Sojae Infecting Soybean written by Rawnaq Nazneen Chowdhury and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Investigation of the Methylome Pattern Changes in Phytophthora Sojae Infected Soybean glycine Max written by Shyaron Poudel and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytophthora stem and root rot (PSR), a soybean disease causes annual losses of up to $250 million in the United States alone. Using the Rps (resistant to Phytophthora sojae) gene in soybean is the main management technique. However, Rps genes are only effective until 8-15 years in the field. Therefore, further understanding of the Rps gene regulation and immune response in soybean is desperately needed. In this study, first, three commercial DNA methylation detection kits were examined on soybean (cultivar Williams 82, which carries Rps1k) DNA samples. All three kits provided libraries with excellent quality and coverage. Secondly, the differential DNA methylation in P. sojae-inoculated and non-inoculated soybean samples was detected. Mostly, methylated cytosines were discovered at CpG context then CHG and CHH. The highest differentially methylated cytosines were found in promoter region and were associated with genes involved in acyltransferase activity and ATP binding. In conclusion, this study demonstrations the changes in differential DNA methylation in P. sojae infected soybean.

Download or read book Races of the Pathogen Phytophthora Sojae Found in Michigan and Factors Affecting Root Rot of Soybean written by Richard Chemjor Kaitany and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Chitinase Accumulation and Pathogen Colonization in Soybeans with Tolerance to Phytophthora Sojae Infection written by Kitrina Murie Carlson and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tolerance to Phytophthora root rot (PRR) in soybean is a highly-heritable, multi-genic trait. Tolerance is a desirable trait in soybean lines because it is not race-specific and cannot be overcome by a buildup of a specific Phytophthora sojae races, unlike race-specific, single gene resistance. The plant-pathogen interactions occurring in the tolerant reaction to disease have not been thoroughly characterized. The objective of this research was to characterize components of the plant-pathogen interaction occurring in tolerant soybeans infected with P. sojae that may be involved in limiting pathogen colonization and disease development. One important aspect of this interaction is the timing of localized and systemic defense responses. Using chitinase as a marker of defense response activation, I characterized spatial and temporal patterns of chitinase isoform expression. I found that unique chitinase isoforms accumulate in soybean roots infected with P. sojae . Some of these isoforms are expressed earlier in tolerant cultivars than in susceptible cultivars and some of these isoforms are expressed systemically in tolerant cultivars and only locally in susceptible cultivars. This has helped to elucidate differences in the plant defense response between tolerant and susceptible cultivars. Another important component of this interaction is the events involved in pathogen colonization of the root. To analyze the timing and extent of P. sojae colonization of the soybean root system, I utilized real-time PCR to detect and quantify P. sojae within the soybean root system. My results suggest P. sojae colonizes tolerant cultivars more slowly and to a lesser degree than susceptible cultivars.

Download or read book Phytophthora written by Kurt Lamour and published by CABI. This book was released on 2013 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book begins with an account of the early history of Phytophthora research and the tumultuous events setting the genus in motion. In keeping with its controversial inception, the chapter on taxonomy and phylogeny makes a compelling case that our current notion of Phytophthora as a genus is illusory. This chapter sets the stage for the importance of molecular tools on these enigmatic pathogens. The following chapters discuss species identification, population-level investigation, interspecific hybrids and the impact of diverse Phytophthora species on crops, forests, nurseries, greenhouses and natural areas worldwide.

Download or read book Small RNA Regulation During Phytophthora Sojae Infection in Soybean written by James Tac Wong and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant endogenous small RNA pathways generate non-coding regulatory RNAs that regulate gene expression through target mRNA cleavage, translation inhibition or chromosomal modifications. Regulation of small RNAs and their targets during pathogen infection is tightly controlled to promote defensive mechanisms against disease progression. The oomycete pathogen, Phytophthora sojae is a principal infectious agent of soybean. To date, there is limited information on small RNAs that regulate defense responsive genes against P. sojae .

Download or read book The Influence of Plant Age on the Infection of Soybean Plants by Phytophthora Megasperma F Sp Glycinea and Survival on Alternate Hosts written by Mariflor Stella Avila Silva and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Study of Incomplete Resistance to Phytophthora Sojae in Soybean written by Santiago Xavier Mideros Mora and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Phytophthora root and stem rot caused by Phytophthora sojae, is a serious limitation to soybean production in the United States. Extensive deployment of Rps genes in soybean cultivars has led to adaptations in the P. sojae populations. Partial resistance to P. sojae in soybeans is effective against all races of the pathogen and is a form of incomplete resistance where the plant reduces the rate of colonization of the pathogen. In addition to partial resistance other types of incomplete resistance have also been described. Rps2 is a single dominant gene that confers incomplete resistance in soybean hypocotyls. Root resistance, thought to be quantitatively inherited, is another form of race specific resistance that appears to function only in the roots. In order to differentiate partial resistance from the other types of incomplete resistance that are race specific, components of resistance were analyzed and the cytology of infection compared. For this study attempts to genetically transform P. sojae to express a marker gene were unsuccessful. Three components were measured (lesion length, oospore production and infection frequency) in 8 soybean genotypes that were inoculated with non-transformed P. sojae isolates on the roots. Light and epifluorescent microscopy were used to study transversal cuts of Trypan blue stained root samples that were also inoculated with P. sojae. Soybean partial resistance was found to be composed of various components that interact to produce the partial resistance phenotype for defense against P. sojae in the roots. It was also found that the Rps2 and root resistant genotypes had significantly reduced levels for all of the components of resistance studied in comparison to the partially resistant genotype Conrad. However, the high levels of partial resistance in Jack were indistinguishable from the Rps2 reaction for all the components studied. In the cytology study it was found that P. sojae penetrates into all the soybean incomplete resistant genotypes: partial resistant, Rps2, and root resistant. Several mechanisms of resistance were observed: i) the resistance phenotype (Rpsla) contained the pathogen biotrophic growth from between 0 to 24 hal in a hypersensitive response; ii) Rps2 and root resistance phenotypes, also stopped growth of the pathogen but this occurred between 24 and 48 hal in a delayed hypersensitive response and iii) the partial resistance and the susceptible phenotypes allowed biotrophic colonization ofF. sojae. Finally a methodology to differentiate among mechanisms of incomplete resistance to P. sojae in soybean was identified based on the number of dead cells and extent of colonization that differed in partial resistance and Rps2 phenotypes.

Download or read book Ultrastructural and Immunocytochemical Studies of Compatible and Incompatible Interactions of Soybean Roots Infected with the Oomycete Phytophthora Sojae written by Katalin Enkerli-Majoros and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Identification and Dissection of Soybean QTL Conferring Resistance to Phytophthora Sojae written by Hehe Wang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Phytophthora root and stem rot is the second most serious soybean disease in the USA. Partial resistance in soybean confers a broad-spectrum resistance to Phytophthora sojae and is expressed as reduced infection efficiency, smaller root lesions and reduction in oospore production, and is conferred by quantitative trait loci (QTL). In several host-pathosystems, the detection of an individual QTL differed depending on the specific pathogen isolate or phenotypic assay that was used. In soybean-P. sojae interaction, few broad-spectrum QTL have been identified and very little is known about the molecular mechanisms that contribute to this trait. The hypotheses for this study were that: i) there were more QTL in soybean conferring resistance to P. sojae; ii) soybean QTL with minor effect would respond differentially to P. sojae isolates and phenotypic assays; iii) candidate genes underlying the QTL vary in sequence between the resistant and susceptible genotypes, as well as different expression response during P. sojae infection; and iv) a complex network of defense-pathways is underlying each soybean QTL conferring resistance to P. sojae. Thus the first objective of this study was to map soybean QTL conferring broad-spectrum resistance to P. sojae in the soybean cultivar 'Conrad'. A F 4:6 population from a cross of Conrad and susceptible 'Sloan' was challenged with three P. sojae isolates using two different phenotypic assays. Ten QTL were identified on Chr. 8, 12, 13 (13-1, 13-2), 14, 17, 18 (18-1, 18-2), and 19 (19-1, 19-2). Of these, the QTL 18-2, 19-1, and 19-2 from Conrad, responded to multiple isolates as well as both phenotypic assays, and explained the largest percent of phenotypic variation. RILs with resistance alleles at these QTL had significantly higher yields than those with susceptible alleles in a P. sojae infested field. These QTL were further confirmed in the Conrad x Sloan F 6:8 population. These results indicate these three QTL as the best candidates for resistance breeding. The second objective of this study was to identify the candidate genes conferring partial resistance under these QTL. Microarray analysis identified genes with significantly different expression patterns between Conrad and Sloan, both constitutively and following inoculation. Of these genes, those co-localized with the QTL encoded proteins with unknown functions, or proteins related to defense or physiological traits. Seventeen genes were selected and their expression patterns were confirmed by qRT-PCR. The QTL 19-1 and 19-2 were further dissected by sequence and expression analysis of genes between the resistant and susceptible genotypes. A total of 1025 SNPs were identified between Conrad and Sloan through sequencing of 153 genes. A list of candidate genes with significantly different infection response between the resistant and susceptible lines were identified, including those involved in signal transduction, hormone-mediated pathways, plant cell structural modification, ubiquitination, and basal resistance. These findings suggest a complex defense network with multiple mechanisms underlying individual soybean QTL conferring resistance to P. sojae. Overall, this study will contribute to soybean resistance breeding by providing additional QTL, candidate genes and SNP markers for marker-assisted resistance breeding.

Download or read book Novel Data driven Approaches to Elucidate Interactions Between Soybean and Phytopthora Sojae written by Thivanka Sandaruwan Ratnayake and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytophthora sojae is a soil-borne oomycete and the causal agent of Phytophthora stem and root rot (PSR) in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill). The study couple high-throughput sequencing data, bioinformatics tools, and machine learning to elucidate molecular features in soybean following infection by P. Sojae as well as understand how P. Sojae evolve. We identified differentially expressed genes during compatible and incompatible interactions with P. sojae. Based on DNA Affinity Purification sequencing (DAP-seq) data, we trained a Deep Neural Network with convolution and recurrent layers to predict new target sites in the DE genes. We used 47 P. sojae isolates from the host rotation study and conducted variant calling analysis. According to genome-wide SNPs, population structure analysis indicates that there is a link between host resistant and mutations patterns in the pathogen. However, examination of the loci of 11 essential Avr genes does not support the hypothesis.

Download or read book Allergy Frontiers Classification and Pathomechanisms written by Ruby Pawankar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-13 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When I entered the field of allergy in the early 1970s, the standard textbook was a few hundred pages, and the specialty was so compact that texts were often authored entirely by a single individual and were never larger than one volume. Compare this with Allergy Frontiers: Epigenetics, Allergens, and Risk Factors, the present s- volume text with well over 150 contributors from throughout the world. This book captures the explosive growth of our specialty since the single-author textbooks referred to above. The unprecedented format of this work lies in its meticulous attention to detail yet comprehensive scope. For example, great detail is seen in manuscripts dealing with topics such as “Exosomes, naturally occurring minimal antigen presenting units” and “Neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1), an asthma susceptibility gene.” The scope is exemplified by the unique approach to disease entities normally dealt with in a single chapter in most texts. For example, anaphylaxis, a topic u- ally confined to one chapter in most textbooks, is given five chapters in Allergy Frontiers. This approach allows the text to employ multiple contributors for a single topic, giving the reader the advantage of being introduced to more than one vi- point regarding a single disease.

Download or read book Soybean Diseases of the North Central Region written by Thomas D. Wyllie and published by American Phytopathological Society. This book was released on 1988 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides timely information on the major diseases affecting soybeans in the north central soybean growing area of the United States.

Download or read book Oomycete Genetics and Genomics written by Kurt Lamour and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-06-17 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together the knowledge from and tools for genetic and genomic research into oomycetes to help solve the problems this pathogen poses to crops and animals. Armed with the information presented here, researchers can use oomycete data to solve practical problems and gain insight into future areas of interest. Key Features: Offers an up-to-date coverage of research into oomycetes – which has advanced with biochemical and molecular analyses in recent years Helps researchers use oomycete data to solve practical problems, like damage to crop and animal resources Includes a section on interactions with animal hosts Offers perspective on future areas of research Assembles an international author base

Download or read book ANALYSIS OF CYTOSINE METHYLATION IN SOYBEAN PATHOGEN PHYTOPHTHORA SOJAE written by Rebecca Cull and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytophthora sojae is plant pathogenic oomycete that targets soybean plants and undergoes a diverse set of life stages specific to its environmental surroundings. Corresponding changes in gene expression occur, although the mechanisms by which genes are differentially expressed and silenced are not fully understood. Methods in regulation of gene expression in P. sojae may include various mechanisms at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level, including DNA CpG methylation. Among the group of regulated genes in P. sojae are avirulence genes, which encode effector proteins that are utilized during infection. Hundreds of Avr genes are present in the P. sojae genome, although their expression is not uniform across different races. In this study, we investigate the effects of low levels of the cytosine methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine on growth and pathogenicity, in conjunction with qRT-PCR analysis of the housekeeping gene, actin, and the avirulence gene, Avr1a.

Download or read book Understanding silicon mediated disease resistance through the interaction soybean Phytophthora sojae written by Aliyeh Rasooli Zadeh and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Résumé en anglais

Download or read book Interaction Between Soybean and Phytophthora Sojae written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: