Download or read book Races of the Pathogen Phytophthora Sojae Found in Michigan and Factors Affecting Root Rot of Soybean written by Richard Chemjor Kaitany and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Phytophthora written by Kurt Lamour and published by CABI. This book was released on 2013 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book begins with an account of the early history of Phytophthora research and the tumultuous events setting the genus in motion. In keeping with its controversial inception, the chapter on taxonomy and phylogeny makes a compelling case that our current notion of Phytophthora as a genus is illusory. This chapter sets the stage for the importance of molecular tools on these enigmatic pathogens. The following chapters discuss species identification, population-level investigation, interspecific hybrids and the impact of diverse Phytophthora species on crops, forests, nurseries, greenhouses and natural areas worldwide.

Download or read book Oomycete Genetics and Genomics written by Kurt Lamour and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-06-17 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together the knowledge from and tools for genetic and genomic research into oomycetes to help solve the problems this pathogen poses to crops and animals. Armed with the information presented here, researchers can use oomycete data to solve practical problems and gain insight into future areas of interest. Key Features: Offers an up-to-date coverage of research into oomycetes – which has advanced with biochemical and molecular analyses in recent years Helps researchers use oomycete data to solve practical problems, like damage to crop and animal resources Includes a section on interactions with animal hosts Offers perspective on future areas of research Assembles an international author base

Download or read book Soybean Phytophthora Root Rot written by Jose Cristino Melgar and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide written by Donald C. Erwin and published by American Phytopathological Society. This book was released on 1996 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume features a wide range of effective techniques for identifying, diagnosing, and controlling Phytophthora diseases. It also offers the most complete treatment of Phytophthora available, including descriptions of all species in the genus.

Download or read book Improved Detection and Management of Phytophthora Sojae written by Austin Glenn McCoy and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytophthora spp. cause root and stem rots, leaf blights and fruit rots on agricultural and economically important plant species. Symptoms of Phytophthora infected plants, particularly root rots, can be difficult to distinguish from other oomycete and fungal pathogens and often result in devastating losses. Phytophthora spp. can lie dormant for many years in the oospore stage, making long-term management of these diseases difficult. Phytophthora sojae is an important and prevalent pathogen of soybean (Glycine max L.) worldwide, causing Phytophthora stem and root rot (PRR). PRR disease management during the growing season relies on an integrated pest management approach using a combination of host resistance, chemical compounds (fungicides; oomicides) and cultural practices for successful management. Therefore, this dissertation research focuses on improving the detection and management recommendations for Phytophthora sojae. In Chapter 1 I provide background and a review of the current literature on Phytophthora sojae management, including genetic resistance, chemical control compounds (fungicides; oomicides) and cultural practices used to mitigate losses to PRR. In my second chapter I validate the sensitivity and specificity of a preformulated Recombinase Polymerase Amplification assay for Phytophthora spp. This assay needs no refrigeration, does not require extensive DNA isolation, can be used in the field, and different qPCR platforms could reliably detect down to 3.3-330.0 pg of Phytophthora spp. DNA within plant tissue in under 30 minutes. Based on the limited reagents needed, ease of use, and reliability, this assay would be of benefit to diagnostic labs and inspectors monitoring regulated and non-regulated Phytophthora spp. Next, I transitioned the Habgood-Gilmour Spreadsheet ('HaGiS') from Microsoft Excel format to the subsequent R package 'hagis' and improved upon the analyses readily available to compare pathotypes from different populations of P. sojae (Chapter 3; 'hagis' beta-diversity). I then implemented the R package 'hagis' in my own P. sojae pathotype and fungicide sensitivity survey in the state of Michigan, identifying effective resistance genes and seed treatment compounds for the management of PRR. This study identified a loss of Rps1c and Rps1k, the two most widely plant Phytophthora sojae resistance genes, as viable management tools in Michigan and an increase in pathotype complexity, as compared to a survey conducted twenty years ago in Michigan (Chapter 4). In Chapter 5 I led a multi-state integrated pest management field trial that was performed in Michigan, Indiana, and Minnesota to study the effects of partial resistance and seed treatments with or without ethaboxam and metalaxyl on soybean stand, plant dry weights, and final yields under P. sojae pressure. This study found that oomicide treated seed protects stand across three locations in the Midwest, but the response of soybean varieties based on seed treatment, was variety and year specific. Significant yield benefits from using oomicide treated seed were only observed in one location and year. The effects of partial resistance were inconclusive and highlighted the need for a more informative and reliable rating system for soybean varieties partial resistance to P. sojae.Finally, in Chapter 6 I present conclusions and impacts on the studies presented in this dissertation. Overall, the studies presented provide an improvement to the detection, virulence data analysis, and integrated pest management recommendations for Phytophthora sojae.

Download or read book Identification of a Necrosis Inducing Peptide by Analysis of Expressed Sequences from the Soybean Pathogen Phytophthora Sojae microform written by Dinah S. Qutob and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 2001 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytophthora sojae is an aggressive soil-borne pathogen that causes stem and root rot of soybean. This pathogen is an oomycete and belongs to a group of eukaryotes that are distinct from fungi, plants and animals. To obtain information about gene diversity and expression patterns in this phylogenetically distinct organism, I constructed three cDNA libraries using mRNA isolated from axenically grown mycelia and zoospores, and tissue isolated from plant hypocotyls 48 h after inoculation with zoospores. A total of 3035 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were generated from the three libraries, representing an estimated 2189 cDNA transcripts. The ESTs were classified according to putative function based on similarity to known proteins, and were analyzed for redundancy within and among the three source libraries. In a search for pathogen factors that may activate plant defense responses, putative secretory proteins were identified from this inventory of transcripts and screened for the induction of a hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco plants. Translational reading frames within ESTs were screened for signal peptide motifs resulting in the identification of over 300 putative extracellular factors. The predicted translations were further screened for the presence of a series of characteristics including size, hydrophobicity, putative glycosylation, similarity to known proteins, and completeness of the open reading frame. Based on these features 16 different cDNAs encoding putative secreted proteins, ranging in size from 5--24 kDa, were selected for expression analysis in Nicotiana benthamiana using PVX/Agrobacterium-based assays. The results of this analysis indicated that recombinant PVX expressing two of the 16 candidates caused necrosis and browning symptoms atypical of viral wild-type infection. One cDNA was especially active causing plant cell death responses in soybean and tobacco. This necrosis-inducing peptide termed SojNIP shares sequence similarity to other proteins found in fungal and bacterial species and may function as an elicitor or toxin that contributes to the pathogenicity of P. sojae on soybean plants.

Download or read book Root and Stem Rot of Soybean Caused by Phytophthora Sojae N Sp written by Maurice John Kaufmann and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chemotactic Response of Zoospores of Phytophthora Sojae to Isoflavones and Study of Chemotaxis Specificity Genes in P Sojae written by Jo-Man Wang and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Phytophthora written by Mannon E. Gallegly and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dichotomous key uses minimal morphological characters, followed by pictorial illustrations.

Download or read book Assessment of Phytophthora Sojae Race Population and Fitness Components in Iowa written by Xiaofan Niu and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytophthora sojae is the causal agent of Phytophthora root rot of soybean (PRR), which could attack soybean at any growth stage and cause severe yield loss. Studies were conducted in 2001 and 2002 to determine whether new races had occurred and whether the frequencies of previously existing races had changed in Iowa by testing the purified isolates on eight differential cultivars. Four races that have not been reported previously in Iowa, races 20, 28, 35, and 41, were isolated. Eight isolates were found with seven virulence formula that had not been reported. The percentage of isolates that can overcome Rps 1k has increased from 5% in 1994 to 45% in this study. Dominance of race 3 in P. sojae population on soybean plants reported in previous surveys was replaced by that of races 25 and 35. Races 1 and 3 were still the most populous races in soil. The results suggested that the population composition of P. sojae has shifted, compared to a previous survey that was completed in 1994. Studies were conducted to compare fitness parameters of above P. sojae isolates to explain and predict the population shift of P. sojae. Zoospore production and colony growth rates at different temperatures were compared. Race infection aggressiveness was determined by virulence index value (VIV), calculated by formula VIV=1+(ab−1), where a represents disease incidence (%), and b represents latent period (days/hours). With its medium ability of spore production and infection aggressiveness, race 1 might maintain or lose its popularity in the future. Races 25 and 35 were more aggressive overall and might become the dominant races in the Iowa soybean fields. Races 3 and 28 were of the weakest fitness parameters and might further decrease their proportion in the population. Significant differences among races were observed for colony diameter, zoospore production, and infection aggressiveness, and one or all of these components could be used to explain the shift and even predict the shift. Further study is needed to monitor the population shift, complete the knowledge of fitness characters of races of P. sojae, and to predict the population shift based on the information.

Download or read book Interaction Between Soybean and Phytophthora Sojae written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genomics of Plant Associated Fungi and Oomycetes Dicot Pathogens written by Ralph A. Dean and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-22 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how genomics has revolutionized our understanding of agriculturally important plant-associated fungi and oomycetes. It illustrates some fundamental discoveries about these eukaryotic microbes with regard to the overall structure of their genomes, their lifestyles and the molecular mechanisms that form the basis of their interactions with plants. Genomics has provided new insights into fungal lifestyles and led to practical advances in plant breeding and crop protection, such as predictions about the spread and evolution of new pathogens. This volume focuses on fungi and oomycetes that are typical dicot plant pathogens and includes: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria sp.,Verticillium alfalfae and Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici, Phytophthora sojae, Phytophthora ramorum, Phytophthora infestans, Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis.

Download or read book Reactions of Soybean Plant Introductions PI273483 to PI427107 Following Inoculation with Phytophthora Sojae written by Anne Elizabeth Dorrance and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book World Soybean Research Conference III written by Richard Shibles and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-02-26 with total page 1283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume consists of full length manuscripts of 159 of the 165 invited papers presented at World Soybean Research Conference III that was held in the Scheman Continuing Education Building at Iowa State University August 12-17, 1984. The authors, widely recognized as world authorities in their fields, represent all aspects of soybean research activity: breeding and genetics, crop and soil management, economics, entomology, food science, international programs, nematology, pathology, physiology, plant nutrition, rhizobiology, utilization, and weed science. This proceedings, which contains more than 1200 pages of information including many tables and figures, represents the most extensive compilation of soybean research results since the previous proceedings were published in 1980. It should be of value to research scientists, students and administrators alike.

Download or read book Investigations Into Phytophthora Megasperma Var Sojae written by Daniel Ray Kittle and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Soybean written by Guriqbal Singh and published by CABI. This book was released on 2010 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The soybean is a crop of global importance and is one of most frequently cultivated crops worldwide. It is rich in oil and protein, used for human and animal consumption as well as for industrial purposes. Soybean plants also play an important role in crop diversification and benefit the growth of other crops, adding nitrogen to the soil during crop rotation. With contributions from eminent researchers from around the world, The Soybean provides a concise coverage of all aspects of this important crop, including genetics and physiology, varietal improvement, production and protection technology, utilization and nutritional value.