Download or read book Physics of Wastewater Flow and Pathogen Transport Processes from a Soil based At grade Effluent Treatment System and Associated Groundwater Contamination Risks in Alberta Canada written by Amanuel Oqbit Weldeyohannes and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding of wastewater flow and transport processes and treatment effectiveness through the soil-absorption field of soil-based wastewater treatment systems remains a challenge. In addition, Alberta regulators and the on-site wastewater industry wanted to quantify the effectiveness of the new LFH At-grade soil-based wastewater absorption and treatment system design. An extensive field research program was executed at Wetaskiwin Rest Stop, Central region of Alberta, a site that has been receiving secondarly treated and ultraviolet disinfected effluent via pressurized effluent distribution at-grade laterals since 2007. The specific objectives were to investigate: i) hydrologic response to effluent infiltration from at-grade line sources under shallow groundwater conditions, ii) fate and transport of pathogens under boundary conditions typical of on-site water treatment systems (OWTS), and iii) groundwater contamination risks associated with OWTS. Following site characterization, field-scale tracer experiment was conducted using E.coli and Bromide as step and pulse inputs respectively. Groundwater response to effluent infiltration, wastewater plume movement, E.coli and virus concentrations were monitored in nests of monitoring wells over time. Finally, using the field measurements, HYDRUS 2D was used to investigate groundwater contamination risks associated with OWTS. Considering the existing regulatory requirement of 7-day effluent travel depth through the vadose zone that has been established in Alberta, a residence time assumed to be enough for pathogens attenuation in the vadose zone, weekly cycle hydrologic responses were interpreted. Findings indicated: i) significant hydrologic response to effluent infiltration from at-grade line sources at a weekly scale, ii) effluent reaching the groundwater for approximately 15% of the time in the spring and summer periods when effluent loading rate of ≥5 cm3 cm-2 d-1 encountered a groundwater at ≤0.5 m below the ground surface. These conditions also coincided with the significant 7-day cycle of the effluent input function due to traffic on the highway and use of the facilities. The results suggest consideration of both surface effluent loading and regional hydrologic conditions when designing at-grade wastewater treatment systems to minimize potential groundwater contamination risks; iii) the vadose zone of ≥0.88 m thick, the vertical separation between the at-grade lines and the top of the groundwater level, filtered E.coli bacteria that were present in the infiltrating effluent to acceptable levels achieving the 7-day effluent travel depth design criteria, however it didn't perform well for some viruses, and iv) initial groundwater depth from the surface is critical for designing at-grade effluent treatment systems. Under the prevailing site boundary conditions and assuming a homogenous medium, a loading rate up to 15 cm3 cm-2 d-1 poses less threat when the initial depth to groundwater is at ≥2 m. In practical terms therefore, matching effluent loading rate vis-a-vis the effluent receiving site characteristics is critical particularly during the spring snow melt and summer period. In addition to the design criteria of OWTS, inclusion of performance criteria as standard of practices for these systems is suggested. The findings presented in this thesis contribute significantly to the understanding of wastewater flow and transport under boundary conditions typical of OWTS and shallow groundwater conditions.
Download or read book Physics of Water Flow and Solute Transport Across a Soil Horizon Interface written by Miles Franklin Dyck and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluating Remedies for Pathogen Contamination of Urban Groundwater written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study addresses groundwater contamination in urban areas from aging sewer systems. A mounting number of studies demonstrate that urban groundwater resources, including those which are used for public water supply, are contaminated by human-specific fecal pathogens in wastewater that can cause illness. This research sought to evaluate the adequacy of federal and state drinking water regulations in the United States to protect human health from fecally-contaminated groundwater. Interviews conducted with various stakeholders were used to identify gaps in the existing regulatory framework and to identify approaches to improve the quality of supplied groundwater. Disinfection of water supplies is not mandated, but it is an effective and relatively inexpensive barrier to reduce the risk of pathogen contamination. Among avenues identified for improvement, utility committees and oversight boards should be educated about pathogens in drinking water and the consequences of waterborne illness in communities served by non-disinfected groundwater. A second goal of this research is to increase understanding of the physical conditions in groundwater systems that promote the transport of infectious viral pathogens from leaky sanitary sewers to groundwater systems. A field study was conducted to identify conditions that lead to the episodic nature of pathogen occurrence in well water and that promote the transport of infectious pathogens from leaky sanitary sewers to groundwater systems. Findings support the hypothesis that short-term climatic conditions exert control on subsurface transport of viral pathogens to the water table. A second aspect of this work involved characterization of groundwater flow through preferential pathways, including multi-aquifer wells (wells that cross-connect layered groundwater systems). Simulations with a numerical model calibrated to the study area demonstrated that multi-aquifer wells provide rapid, advective transport pathways to the confined aquifer, but do not on their own account for the presence of pathogens in deeply cased municipal wells. An alternative hypothesis suggested by this modeling is that pumping from deeply cased wells induces vertical gradients that result in short travel times, on the order of tens of days, across a regional, confining aquitard.
Download or read book Principles of Contaminant Transport in Soils written by Raymond Nen Yong and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 1992 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waste generation and disposal; Soil composition; Wastes and contaminants; Soil-water interaction and relations; Contaminant-soil interaction; Soil permeability: characteristics and laboratory measurements; Evaluation of adsorption and diffusion; Contaminant transport modelling: solute transport; Contaminant transport modelling: transport of non-aqueous phase liquids.
Download or read book The Inner Magnetosphere written by Tuija I. Pulkkinen and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2005-01-14 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 155. As we become a space-faring culture, there is an increasing need for reliable methods to forecast the dynamics of electromagnetic fields, thermal plasma, and energetic particles in the geospace environment, as all these factors affect satellite-borne systems. From the electrodynamics viewpoint, on the other hand, the inner magnetosphere is a key element in the Sun-Earth connection chain of processes. Most notably, it is a region where a significant part of the storm-time energy input from the solar wind is deposited and dissipated. Because the most interesting and crucially important phenomena, as noted, develop relatively close to Earth (in the transition region separating the innermost quasi-dipolar geomagnetic field from the magnetotail), understanding them is a complex task. Moreover, the stronger the disturbance, the deeper its impact penetrates into the inner magneto-sphere. In this region plasma no longer behaves like a fluid, and the motion of energetic charged particles becomes important for the dynamics of the system. This fact leaves “particle simulations” as a primary tool for studying and understanding the dynamics of the inner magnetosphere during storms. An integral element of such simulations is an electromagnetic field model. Recent studies of the inner magnetosphere have substantially improved our understanding of its dynamics while creating new paradigms and reviving old controversies.
Download or read book Soil Physics Pesticides Pathogens written by and published by . This book was released on 2002* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mission of the Soil Physics and Pesticide Research Unit is to develop methods for evaluating, predicting, and managing the movement of water, salts and agricultural chemicals in the root and vadose zones of salt-affected soils and to develop tools for assessing new soil-water-crop management schemes to make effective use of limited resources where salinity and/or pesticides are a concern.
Download or read book Urban Water Cycle Processes and Interactions written by Jiri Marsalek and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-04-21 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effective management of urban water should be based on a scientific understanding of the impact of human activity on both the urban hydrological cycle - including its processes and interactions - and the environment itself. Such anthropogenic impacts, which vary broadly in time and space, need to be quantified with respect to local climate, urban d
Download or read book Advances in Environmental Pollution Management Wastewater Impacts and Treatment Technologies written by Vinod Kumar and published by Agro Environ Media, Publication Cell of AESA, Agriculture and Environmental Science Academy,. This book was released on 2020-12-05 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Environmental Pollution Management: Wastewater Impacts and Treatment Technologies has been designed to bind novel knowledge of wastewater pollution-induced impacts on various aspects of our environment. The book also contains novel methods and tools for the monitoring and treatment of produced wastewater.
Download or read book DRASTIC written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Risk Management for Water and Wastewater Utilities written by Simon Pollard and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2016-05-15 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water risks and security are a major global hazard in the 21st century and it is essential that water professionals have a solid grounding in the principles of preventative risk management. This second edition of the key textbook, Risk Management for Water and Wastewater Utilities, extends beyond first principles and examines the practicalities of resilience and vulnerability assessment, strategic risk appraisal and the interconnectedness of water utility risks in a networked infrastructure. It provides an up-dated overview of tools and techniques for risk management in the context of the heightened expectations for sound risk governance that are being made of all water and wastewater utilities. Risk Management for Water and Wastewater Utilities provides a valuable starting point for newly appointed risk managers in the utility sector and offers MSc level self-paced study with self-assessment questions and abbreviated answers, key learning points, case studies and worked examples.
Download or read book The Use of Saline Waters for Crop Production written by J. D. Rhoades and published by Artabras. This book was released on 1992 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States written by US Global Change Research Program and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2018-02-06 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As global climate change proliferates, so too do the health risks associated with the changing world around us. Called for in the President’s Climate Action Plan and put together by experts from eight different Federal agencies, The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health: A Scientific Assessment is a comprehensive report on these evolving health risks, including: Temperature-related death and illness Air quality deterioration Impacts of extreme events on human health Vector-borne diseases Climate impacts on water-related Illness Food safety, nutrition, and distribution Mental health and well-being This report summarizes scientific data in a concise and accessible fashion for the general public, providing executive summaries, key takeaways, and full-color diagrams and charts. Learn what health risks face you and your family as a result of global climate change and start preparing now with The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health.
Download or read book Climate Change and Water written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change / Working Group Technical Support Unit and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Technical Paper addresses the issue of freshwater. Sealevel rise is dealt with only insofar as it can lead to impacts on freshwater in coastal areas and beyond. Climate, freshwater, biophysical and socio-economic systems are interconnected in complex ways. Hence, a change in any one of these can induce a change in any other. Freshwater-related issues are critical in determining key regional and sectoral vulnerabilities. Therefore, the relationship between climate change and freshwater resources is of primary concern to human society and also has implications for all living species. -- page vii.
Download or read book Contaminants in the Subsurface written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-04-23 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At hundreds of thousands of commercial, industrial, and military sites across the country, subsurface materials including groundwater are contaminated with chemical waste. The last decade has seen growing interest in using aggressive source remediation technologies to remove contaminants from the subsurface, but there is limited understanding of (1) the effectiveness of these technologies and (2) the overall effect of mass removal on groundwater quality. This report reviews the suite of technologies available for source remediation and their ability to reach a variety of cleanup goals, from meeting regulatory standards for groundwater to reducing costs. The report proposes elements of a protocol for accomplishing source remediation that should enable project managers to decide whether and how to pursue source remediation at their sites.
Download or read book Faecal Sludge and Septage Treatment written by Kevin Tayler and published by Open Access. This book was released on 2018-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Faecal Sludge and Septage Treatment confronts the urgent need to treat increasing volumes of faecal sludge and septage in the rapidly expanding towns and cities of the global south. It discusses the urban contexts that influence treatment requirements and the overall septage treatment processes.
Download or read book Land Treatment Systems for Municipal and Industrial Wastes written by Ronald W. Crites and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2000-03-17 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A-Z guide to soil/plant/microbe-based wastewatertreatment Engineers and planners eager to benefit from the costefficiencies and convenience of land treatment of waste will find practical guidelines in this comprehensive manual. It covers soil hydraulics, vegetation selection, site selection, field investigations, preapplication treatment and storage, and transmission and distribution of wastewater. You're introduced to: Design procedures and appropriate uses for each of the three land treatment processes: soils, plants, and microbiological agents Special attributes of food processing wastewater, with 6 case studies The use of biosolids produced by mechanical treatment systems as crop nutrients Options for preapplication treatment, including ponds and constructed wetlands Much more
Download or read book Watershed written by Stephen C. Lonergan and published by IDRC. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Watershed describes the water crisis faced by Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories today; a crisis that will have much to do with the design and the success of the current peace proposals. The authors examine the geopolitics of water in the region, the economic importance, problems of water supply and water quality, and regional conflicts over water.
