Download or read book Physico Chemical Parameters of Soil and Water written by Pappu Srinidhi and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The soil is the most important constituent to fulfilment of all the basic needs of human beings. Soil is an important component of our farming. An eminent position in global cultivation of wheat, rice, jawar, pulses, sugarcane, vegetables and fruits etc. is occupied by Indian agriculture and reason of physical, chemical condition of whatever land is indispensable for proper implementation of the other management practices. Thus the physico-chemical study of territory is very significant because both physical and chemical properties which bear upon the soil productivity. This, physico-chemical study of soil is based on various parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, texture, moisture, temperature, soil organic matter, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. This knowledge will help to the people who are interested to work in agricultural field. Soil is one of the most important ecological factors containing a large number of different kinds of bacteria, plants and animals that compose inter-related biological complex. As a complex physical and biological system, it provides nutrients and oxygen for the organisms. The major physical and chemical features of soil are related to particle size, distribution, types of clay colloids, cation and anion exchange capacity, oxidation and reduction potential, soil reaction, electrical conductivity and nutrient dynamics. A healthy and judicious reduction condition should be maintained at the bottom to facilitate the optimum availability of nutrients as well as prevention of any unhealthy situation. Thus, soil plays an important role in fertility of fish life and water body. The physico-chemical parameters of water like temperature, pH, electric conductivity, total alkalinity, carbonates, bicarbonates, calcium, magnesium, hardness, chlorides, sulphates, nutrients like nitrates and phosphates, turbidity and total dissolved solids are important to know the trophic nature of the water body. Water bodies are generally of three types oligotrophic, mesotrophic and eutrophic. Usually mesotrophic water bodies are highly productive in nature.

Download or read book Effect of Physical Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Physico chemical Properties of Soil written by Fichago Selman and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Manual for Soil Analysis Monitoring and Assessing Soil Bioremediation written by Rosa Margesin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-15 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents detailed descriptions of methods for evaluating, monitoring and assessing bioremediation of soil contaminated with organic pollutants or heavy metals. Traditional soil investigation techniques, including chemical, physical and microbiological methods, are complemented by the most suitable modern methods, including bioreporter technology, immunological, ecotoxicological and molecular assays. Step-by-step procedures, lists of required equipment and reagents and notes on evaluation and quality control allow immediate application

Download or read book Principles of Soil Water Analysis written by Narayan Panda and published by New India Publishing Agency. This book was released on 2019-07-05 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is imperative to establish experimental objectives as a prelude to developing the sampling plan. As a component of development of sampling plan, one must begin by evaluating the environment from which samples will come. To accomplish this goal one must determine the physical and chemical features of the experimental area that includes the basic agents of nutrient supply i.e. soil and water. It contains principles and reactions of chemical analysis, soil sampling and analytical techniques for the determination of physical and chemical parameters of soil and water samples. The book on "Soil and Water Analysis" will be helpful to the Soil Chemists, Agriculture Officers, Specialists and research scholars of soil testing laboratories and other laboratory technicians/assistants.

Download or read book Physico chemical Properties of Soils in the Water Conservation Area 3 WCA 3 of the Everglades written by K. R. Reddy and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3 written by D. L. Sparks and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 1424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thorough presentation of analytical methods for characterizing soil chemical properties and processes, Methods, Part 3 includes chapters on Fourier transform infrared, Raman, electron spin resonance, x-ray photoelectron, and x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopies, and more.

Download or read book Physico chemical Properties of Soils in the Water Conservation Area 1 WCA 1 of the Everglades written by K. R. Reddy and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Soil and Water Contamination written by Marcel van der Perk and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-10-09 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil and Water Contamination, Second Edition gives a structured overview of transport and fate processes of environmental contaminants. Providing a structured overview of transport and fate processes of environmental contaminants, this textbook approaches the environmental issues of soil and water contamination from a spatial and earth science point of view. The new edition contains new material on pesticides and pharmaceutical contaminants and a greater number of exercises, case studies, and examples. It covers topics essential to understanding and predicting contaminant patterns in soil, groundwater, and surface water and contributes to the formation of a solid basis for adequate management and control of soil and water pollution and integrated catchment.

Download or read book Physico chemical Aspects of Soil and Related Materials written by Keith B. Hoddinott and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1990 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Physico Chemical Analysis of Soil Water and Plant written by Kasim Tegbaru Mesfin Birhanu Fanuel and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013-01 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil, water, and air contain all of the essential elements in varying proportions, some in vast amounts. The elements essential for plants can be divided into those required in relatively large amount (the macronutrients) and those required in small amounts (the micronutrients). Soils properties vary from spot to spot and differ in their suitability for plant growth. Suitability of soil properties and the capacity of the soil to provide the required elements in adequate and balanced manner for plant growth are investigated by soil tests.

Download or read book Physico chemical Properties of Soils written by Ivan Thoralf Rosenqvist and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of Soil and Water Conservation Practice on Soil phsico chemical properties written by Dessalegn Etana and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2020-02-12 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Academic Paper from the year 2019 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Geology, Mineralogy, Soil Science, grade: A, Wollega University, course: Soil physical properties, language: English, abstract: Land degradation is a pervasive problem that negatively influences agricultural productivity in Ethiopia as it cause depletion of soil organic matter. Therefore, implementation of soil and water conservation is believed to mitigate the impacts of soil erosion. An on-farm study was conducted in Arjo Gudetu kebele, Eastern Wollega of Oromia with the objective of evaluating soil and water conservation practices on soil physio chemical properties and productivity of crop lands. The study involves one factor: level soil bund (with and without) was a main plot. The treatment (Treatment1=with bund splited in to 12 and Treatment2 = without splited in to 10) with randomized complete block design. Soil sample were collected at 0-50cm and 30-60cm soil depth and analyzed for selected physical and chemical properties. Yield and yield components of the crops were determined using a quadrant sampling technique 1*1m. The data was analyzed using general linear model procedures and to separate difference between mean LSD (5%) was used. On maize (Zea Mays L.) field, level soil bund increased the mean value of soil moisture contents at 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm soil depth, the grain yield increased by 26% and biomass increased by 22%. On sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) field the mean value of soil moisture content, days to flowering, maturity dates significantly affected and biomass was increased by 8.25%.

Download or read book ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY WATER AND SOIL POLLUTION written by Dr. Vijendra Singh and published by Horizon Books ( A Division of Ignited Minds Edutech P Ltd). This book was released on with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: INTRODUCTION Environmental science is the systematic study of the interaction of two worlds. The word ‘Environment’ is derived from an old French word ‘environ’ meaning ‘encircle’. The environment consists of four segments: atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. Among all of substances, water is a marvelous substance on earth. Water is one of the abundantly available substances in nature. Water is essential for all kinds of life and is the medium in which all living processes occur. Water is renewable source, but renewable takes time. The hydrological cycle constantly purifies and redistributes fresh water on landmasses, providing endless renewable resource. At present, there are many environmental issues, which have grown in size and complexity day by day, threatening the survival of mankind and all living organisms on earth. Unfortunately, with progress in science and technology, man has been dumping waste material into atmosphere and causing pollution. Environmental pollution can be divided among the categories of water, air and soil pollution. Emission of pollutants in air, water and soil has caused considerable damage to our environment. Water pollution disturbs the normal uses of water for irrigation, agriculture, industries, public water supply and aquatic life. Most of the human activities produce liquid effluents, which are the prime cause of water pollution. Rapid increase in population, intensive agriculture, growing industrialization and urbanization has resulted in progressive deterioration in the quality of water in our natural reservoirs. Most of the water related diseases are some way or other concerned with the polluted water supply. Water borne infections diseases like cholera, dysentery, typhoid, jaundice and worm infection are still the major public health problems in developing countries. Another substance, which plays a very important role, is soil as it produces food for human beings and animals. Soil is a complex of physical and biological systems, which give support to the plants and supplies water and essential nutrients to them. It is the main reservoir of the minerals essential for normal growth of the plants. The soil consists of four major components, i.e. mineral matter, organic matter, soil air and soil water. All these components cannot be separated with much satisfaction because they are present very intimately mixed with each other. With careful husbandry, soil can be replenished and renewed indefinitely. Hazardous chemicals heavily pollute soil day by day. Disposal of industrial waste is the major problem responsible for soil pollution. These waste products are also tipped on soil, enhancing the extent of soil pollution. As a result, hazardous chemicals can enter into human food chain from the soil or water, disturb the biochemical process and finally lead to serious effects on living organisms. Large-scale soil and water pollution is one of the primary factors behind the high prevalence of soil and water borne diseases. Soil degradation can reduce the quality of our food, whereas deforestation can reduce the availability plants to make current medicines and medicines for the future. Heavy metal pollution has also a serious impact. Metal pollution can affect all environments but its effects most long lasting in soil. Drinking is one of the major routes of intake of heavy metals by the human body. Soil contamination should be a primary concern in India, because the country relies heavily on agriculture. Toxic metal is the one, which is neither essential nor beneficial but exhibits a positive catastrophic effect on normal metabolic function even when present in small amounts and may, at times, be responsible for permanent disorders or malfunctioning of organ system leading finally to death. This BOOK consists of five chapters. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION This chapter is divided into two parts: 1A: WATER This part contains Introduction of Water, Properties of Water, Major Water Compartments, Types & Forms of Water, Water and its Significance, Potability of Water, Water Consumption Pattern & Demand, Water Resources, Water Quality for Irrigation and Ground Water Quality Status in Rajasthan. 1B: SOIL & VEGETATION This part contains Introduction of Soil, What is Soil?, Composition of Soil, Process of Soil Formation, Soil Profile, Soil Texture, Types of Soil, Soil pH, Life on Soil, Macro and Micro Plant Nutrients, Functions of Various Nutrients and Agricultural Status w.r.t. Soil. CHAPTER 2: WATER & SOIL POLLUTION This chapter is divided into two parts: 2A: WATER POLLUTION (i) This part contains Environmental Pollution, Water Pollution, Causes of Water Pollution, Sources of Water Pollution, Types of Water Pollution, Classification of Pollutants, Types of Pollutants, Characteristics of Fresh Water, Chemical Characteristics of Water, Characteristics of Industrial Wastes, Control of Water Pollution, Diseases Caused by Water Pollution, Various Effluents and Their Effects on Aquatic Organisms, Fluoridation and Defluoridation of Water, Water Management, Water Pollution in India and Water Pollution in Rajasthan. (ii) 2B: SOIL POLLUTION This part contains Soil Pollution, Sources of Soil Pollution, Diseases Caused by Soil Pollution, Control of Soil Pollution, Heavy Metal Toxicology, Sources of Heavy Metals and Environment Friendly Technologies. CHAPTER 3: METHODS & METHODOLOGY METHODOLOGY FOR WATER Wastewater samples were collected from eleven different sites from the ‘AMANISHAH NALA’ and groundwater (Hand pump) samples were taken from nine different vicinal locations of various industrial sites. Samples were collected in good quality screw–capped polyethylene bottles of one litre capacity, labeled properly and analyzed in laboratory for their all physico–chemical parameters. Monitoring was done during the three seasons (pre-monsoon, during monsoon and post-monsoon) throughout the two-years from different industrial areas and adjacent places of Jaipur city (June, 2002 to May, 2004). Various physical parameters like pH, EC, DO and TDS, which are important to evaluate the suitability of wastewater for irrigation, were determined on the site with the help of digital portable water analyzer kit (CENTURY–CK–710). For rest of the analysis, water samples were preserved and bought to the laboratory. The chemical analysis carried out for BOD by incubation method, COD by KMnO4 method, Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Chloride (Cl–), Sulphate (SO42–), Carbonate (CO32–) and Bicarbonate (HCO3–) by volumetric titration methods; while Fluoride (F–) by spectrophotometric (AIMIL–C160–80314) & ion selective electrode method and Nitrate (NO3–) by spectrophotometric (ELICO–CL–54D) method; Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+) by flamephotometry (ELICO–CL–220) and heavy metals by AAS. In order to estimate the quality of the groundwater for drinking purposes, an indexing system, Water Quality Index (WQI), based on Adak and Purohit(20), was determined. Evaluation of the quality of wastewater on the basis of percent sodium (%Na) is excellent, was determined. Quantitatively, United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) proposed, for the first time, a better index called ‘Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR)’, was determined. Sodium hazard of irrigation water can be well understood by knowing SAR. There is a significant correlation between SAR values of irrigation water and the extent to which sodium is absorbed by the soil. METHODOLOGY FOR SOIL Soil samples were collected from thirteen different vicinal locations of various industrial sites where industrial wastewater use for irrigation. Samples were collected in good quality polyethylene bags, labeled properly and analyzed in laboratory for their all parameters. Monitoring was done during the four intervals throughout the year from different vicinal locations of various industrial sites of Jaipur city where industrial wastewater use for irrigation (April, 2004 to March, 2005). Soil samples may be analyzed for the following parameters like: pH, EC, Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, etc. CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This chapter is divided into three parts: 4A: WATER FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES In these sites, positive correlation between surface and ground water was recognized. The groundwater near solid waste and liquid waste disposal sites was polluted, whereas the groundwater away from disposal sites was not much affected. The values obtained were compared with standards of ISI, ICMR and WHO. From the observations, it may inferred that the concentration of pH, EC, Ca2+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, SO42–, CO32–, HCO32–, Cl–, DO and BOD are within permissible limits of ISI, ICMR & WHO but NO3–, TDS, TH, COD and WQI values show the poor water quality in most of the studied groundwater samples taken from vicinal locations of various industrial sites. Concentrations of all heavy metals like Cr, Cu, Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe, As & Zn are within permissible limits. Higher concentrations of Zn in very few samples have been observed. WQI values of these samples were ranging from 35.08 to 268.78 which means that only 37.5% sample’s water were fit for human consumption directly, but 62.5% water of all sources can be used for domestic consumption after appropriate treatment whereas remaining 37.5% water of samples were of very poor quality and was not recommended for domestic purposes. So it may be accomplished with the help of WQI that the water of the various samples were unfit for drinking purpose without further treatment (mainly disinfections). It may be concluded that the general characteristics of groundwater samples from the study area classify the water under moderate category and are tolerable for household and commercial purposes However, high WQI and COD values suggest purification may be necessary for domestic consumption. 4B: WATER FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES The suitability of groundwater and wastewater for irrigation depends upon its mineral constituents. The salts present in the water, besides affecting the growth of the plants directly also affect the soil structure, permeability and aeration, which indirectly affect the plant growth. Jaipur is undergoing rapid urbanization and industrialization. Wastewater generated from various industries discharged into ‘AMANISHAH NALA’ where this water is used for irrigation purpose. The values obtained were compared with standards of ISI, ICMR and WHO. The concentrations of pH, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42–, CO32–, HCO3–, TH, Cl–, NO3–, Oil & Grease, DO and F– are within permissible limits in both groundwater and wastewater but definite contaminations with special reference to EC, TDS, BOD and COD in wastewater have been observed, calls for at least primary treatment of wastewater before being used for irrigation. High EC and TDS values reflect greater salinity of water and it cannot be suitable for irrigation under ordinary conditions. There was also a significant correlation between SAR values of irrigation water and the extent to which sodium is absorbed by the soil. No excellent conclusion can be drawn to observed values but general conclusion can be drawn as: The general characteristics of groundwater and industrial wastewater samples from the study area classify the water under moderate category and are good for household, irrigation and commercial purposes and results of suitability evaluation indicate that there is no major pollution hazard in wastewater of AMANISHAH NALA. However, high BOD and COD values suggest purification may be necessary for sensitive crops and human consumption. 4C: SOIL FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES In all studied locations, soil is moderate for all kinds of crops except sensitive ones. Adjacent locations of all industrial areas under study have concentrations of pH, EC, organic carbon, Fe, Cu and Mn are within permissible limits and show good soil quality in most of the studied soil samples taken from vicinal locations of various industrial sites. There is lack of concentrations of Zn is all soil samples and is need to give zinc sulphate fertilizer to compensate this but definite concentrations of P and K in soil samples have been observed at critical limit. Some samples also have higher pH i.e. alkaline in nature and they need to give gypsum for reducing alkalinity from soil samples. CHAPTER 5: WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND SUGGESTIONS The ultimate disposal of wastewater can only be onto the land or into the water. But whenever the watercourses are used for the ultimate disposal, the wastewater is given a treatment to prevent any injury to the aquatic life in the receiving water. Normally, the treatment consists of the removal of suspended and dissolved solids through different units if the treatment plants. The treatment of industrial wastewater may be accomplished in part or as a whole either by the biological processes, as done in the sanitary sewage, or by processes very special for the industrial wastewater only. Depending upon the constituents present in it, the treatment may consist of any one or more treatment (chemical or biological or both) processes. The chemical treatment should be provided only when it becomes unavoidable. The selection of the particular treatment process depends on the effluent requirements and the characteristics of the waste. Today it is not enough to emphasize the protection of the environment. The fundamental purpose of water treatment is to remove impurities that may be offensive or injurious to health and well being of the individual and community. Disinfectant should kill the pathogens quickly at room temperature. It should be inexpensive, and non-toxic, to humans and should provide protection against only contamination in water during conveyance or storage. The Govt. should immediately make laws banning industrial pollution. Failure to do so will lead to substantial penalties and fine. The water treatment plants should be installed in rural areas. The rural inhabitants should try to avoid the use of pesticides in their fields. All small scale and big industries must have anti-pollution unit. Create the awareness about the effects of high concentration of nitrate, fluoride, solids and hardness among villagers. Through strict implementation of the Government’s Water Treatment Programme, water can be rendered safe for drinking. Chapter 1, 2, 3 & 5 precisely details under various heads and chapter 4 details under water for domestic & irrigation purposes and soil for agricultural purposes, results, discussion, tables and graphs of each parameters results, evaluations, assessments and comparison followed by a comprehensive list of relevant references after everything else of the BOOK.

Download or read book Studies on Physico chemical Properties of Soil Quality of Irrigation Water and Their Effect on Crop Yield written by D. S. Salh and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The physico chemical properties of soil samples such as texture bulk density porasity PH electrical conductivety, total nitrogen organic carbon, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium sulphus and cation exchange capacity of 67 soil samples of NDRI farm were estimated. The farm soils were found to be clay loam in texture, which can be classified under medium soil type. THe BD of soils varied between 1.4 to 1.5 g/cc. The PH of garm soil were between 7.0 to 8.4 and electrical conductivity of the soils did not exceed 1.1 monhos/em. THe total nitrogen of the soils were in the range of 0.04 to 0.07%. The corresponding carbon nitrogen ratio were found to be in the range of 7 to 16% the available phosphorous was found to be 10.8 to 32.5 kg/ha. The available potassium status of the farm soil were found to be medium to high. The water soluble sulphate of the farm soils were found to lie in the range of 13-25 mg/100g. The CEC of soils found to be between 7.4 to 14.0 m.e/100 g. The PH of NDRI water were found between 7.5 to 8.9 which is sligntly alkline carbonate and bicarbonate ion concentration varied between 0.1 to 0.3 and 2.9 to 6.3 m.e respectivily. The ca++ and mg++ concentration of the water were found to be in the range of 1.9 to 6.5 and 2.8 to 6.7 m.e/e respectively. Finally NDRI farm water classified according to indian system, under AC (normal water) except in one case where it can be classified under A2C1. However both water types can safely be used for irrigation in medium texture soils and in all crops grown under existing conditions.

Download or read book Soil and Water Contamination 2nd Edition written by Marcel van der Perk and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-11-15 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil and Water Contamination, Second Edition gives a structured overview of transport and fate processes of environmental contaminants. Dealing with all topics essential for understanding and predicting contaminant patterns in soil, groundwater and surface water, it contributes to the formation of a solid basis for adequate soil and water pollution control and integrated catchment management. A unique feature of this work is that it does not treat water and soil pollution as independent processes, but as components of an integrated whole. The core of this geoscientific approach is divided into four parts: • Introduction to the basics of soil and water contamination, such as the fundamentals of environmental pollution and chemistry and the basic properties of soil, groundwater and surface water. • Source, role, and behaviour of substances in soil and water, treating natural and anthropogenic sources of nutrients, heavy metals, radionuclides and organic pollutants as well as emerging substances of concern, their physico-chemical characteristics, behaviour, and toxicity. • Transport and fate of substances in soil and water, focusing on processes of transport, exchange and transformations like advection, dispersion, adsorption kinetics and biochemical decay. Special attention is paid to the mathematical description and modelling of these processes. • Patterns of substances in soil and water, explaining spatial and temporal patterns of pollutants in soil, groundwater, and surface water, illustrated by recent case studies from fundamental and applied research. This comprehensive, successful textbook, now in its second edition, has been conscientiously updated and extended and includes many case studies, examples and exercises sections, providing undergraduate and graduate students in the Earth and Environmental Sciences with all the material necessary for the study of soil and water contamination. In addition, it can serve as a useful source of information for professionals.

Download or read book The Physico chemical Properties of Affecting Soil Erosion written by James Fylton Lutz and published by . This book was released on 1934 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Review of Physical chemical Parameters Related to the Soil and Groundwater Fate of Selected Pesticides Used in New York State written by L. P. Wagenet and published by . This book was released on 1985* with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: