Download or read book Physical Activity and Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Obese Pregnant Women written by Rachel Ann Tinius and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maternal obesity and physical inactivity during pregnancy are independently associated with unfavorable maternal and neonatal metabolic outcomes. Previous research in non-gravid adults suggests physical activity provides protection from many chronic diseases irrespective of body weight. The primary purposes of this dissertation were to determine the impact of obesity on maternal metabolic health (lipid metabolism, inflammation, insulin resistance) and neonatal metabolic health (adiposity, inflammation, insulin resistance), and to determine if adverse maternal and neonatal metabolic health is improved in obese pregnant women who are physically active during pregnancy compared to sedentary obese women. The secondary purpose of this dissertation was to examine the relationships between maternal and neonatal metabolic health. Three groups of pregnant women were compared between 32 and 37 weeks gestation (N=50). Groups consisted of: 1) lean women, 2) obese sedentary women, and 3) obese physically active women. Body composition (skinfold anthropometry), physical fitness levels (submaximal cycle test), and physical activity levels (accelerometry) were assessed. Maternal plasma markers of insulin resistance (Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)) and systemic inflammation (C -- reactive protein) were measured at rest. Lipid oxidation rate and lipolysis were measured at baseline, during a 30-minute bout of low-intensity exercise, and during a 1-hour recovery period. Cord blood was collected at parturition to measure neonatal plasma insulin resistance, inflammation, and free fatty acid concentration. Neonatal body composition was measured 24-48 hours postpartum via skinfold anthropometry and air displacement plethysmography. In Chapter 2, maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared between lean and obese pregnant women. Obese pregnant women had higher maternal inflammation, insulin resistance, and lipid oxidation rates. Maternal lipid oxidation rate and inflammation were positively correlated. Maternal inflammation was positively correlated to insulin resistance and blood pressure. Therefore, lipid metabolism may be contributing to inflammation and subsequent insulin resistance and hypertension in obese pregnant women. In Chapter 3, maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared between obese sedentary and obese physically active pregnant women. Physically active obese women had lower systemic inflammation compared to sedentary obese women; thus, regular physical activity may improve inflammation in obese pregnant women. In Chapter 4, the relationships between maternal and neonatal metabolic outcomes were examined. There were no correlations between maternal and neonatal metabolic outcomes across all women in the study. Several relationships between maternal and neonatal outcomes were found when comparing lean or obese women separately, which suggests that the mechanisms linking maternal and neonatal metabolic health are complex and potentially BMI-dependent. In Chapter 5, the relationship between intensity of physical activity and maternal inflammation was examined. Low-intensity physical activities had the strongest negative correlation to systemic inflammation. Data from Chapter 5 also suggest that small daily increases in low-intensity physical activities may be enough of a stimulus to elicit clinically meaningful reductions in inflammation. Thus, pregnant women should be encouraged to participate in low-intensity physical activities in order to reduce their systemic inflammation and improve their long-term health. Overall, results from this dissertation project suggest that obesity during pregnancy has unfavorable implications for maternal metabolic health. However, a physically active lifestyle might mitigate these alterations, particularly maternal systemic inflammation. Pregnant women of all body weights should be encouraged to participate in daily physical activity, even low-intensity activity, in order to improve their health and the future health of their offspring.

Download or read book Exercise in Pregnancy written by Raul Artal Mittelmark and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Weight Gain During Pregnancy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-01-14 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As women of childbearing age have become heavier, the trade-off between maternal and child health created by variation in gestational weight gain has become more difficult to reconcile. Weight Gain During Pregnancy responds to the need for a reexamination of the 1990 Institute of Medicine guidelines for weight gain during pregnancy. It builds on the conceptual framework that underscored the 1990 weight gain guidelines and addresses the need to update them through a comprehensive review of the literature and independent analyses of existing databases. The book explores relationships between weight gain during pregnancy and a variety of factors (e.g., the mother's weight and height before pregnancy) and places this in the context of the health of the infant and the mother, presenting specific, updated target ranges for weight gain during pregnancy and guidelines for proper measurement. New features of this book include a specific range of recommended gain for obese women. Weight Gain During Pregnancy is intended to assist practitioners who care for women of childbearing age, policy makers, educators, researchers, and the pregnant women themselves to understand the role of gestational weight gain and to provide them with the tools needed to promote optimal pregnancy outcomes.

Download or read book Maternal Obesity and Pregnancy written by Per Glud Ovesen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-16 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A dramatic and worldwide increase is occurring in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in women of childbearing age. Obese women carry a significant excess risk of a variety of serious complications during pregnancy, and in addition, maternal obesity predisposes to obesity in the offspring. This book provides a timely update on the latest knowledge on maternal obesity and pregnancy. A very wide range of issues are covered, including macrosomia and associated shoulder dystocia; the risk of miscarriage, malformations, and complications of pregnancy; the impact of hyperglycemia; clinical management; consequences for anesthesia and ultrasound; impacts on breastfeeding, fertility, and childhood obesity; and pregnancy following gastric surgery. All of the authors are recognized experts in their fields, and the book has been designed to meet the practical needs of obstetricians, gynecologists, internists, and general practitioners.

Download or read book Pregnancy in the Obese Woman written by Deborah Conway and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-01-19 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity presents many challenges to mothers and their unborn babies How can a severely overweight woman prepare for pregnancy? What if she is already pregnant? How do you guide her through an inherently high-risk pregnancy and labor to a successful birth? Pregnancy in the Obese Woman takes the best available evidence on pregnancy and obesity to provide an insightful, practical guide to management in one volume. After a review of the epidemiology and special considerations of prenatal care in obese women of childbearing age, the authors cover: Bariatric surgery Nutrition, exercise, and weight gain in pregnancy Co-morbid conditions Abnormal fetal growth and obstetric complications Operative techniques in obese patients Breastfeeding, contraception, and further pregnancies With obesity on the rise, increasing numbers of pregnancies are being seen in overweight and obese women, which presents a significant challenge to obstetric and other health care providers. Pregnancy in the Obese Woman provides you with the critical information you need to ease your mind and help your patients become contented mothers. Titles of Related Interest Protocols for High-Risk Pregnancies, 5e Queenan, Hobbins and Spong (eds); ISBN 978-1-4051-9650-5 Obstetic Clinical Algorithms: Management and Evidence Norwitz, Belfort, Saade, Miller; ISBN 978-14051-8111-2 Preterm Birth: Prevention and Management Berghella (ed); 978-1-4051-9290-3

Download or read book Maternal Obesity written by Matthew W. Gillman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-07-19 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Afflicting more than 300 million women across the globe, obesity has profound effects on health during pregnancy and on the wellbeing of the unborn child. In the face of such a challenging pandemic, this book reviews the latest research and provides up-to-date advice on clinical management. Maternal Obesity addresses the adverse effects of obesity among women of childbearing age, including infertility, medical complications, problems in labor, and adverse birth outcomes, and it reviews evidence that the obese mother's in utero environment has long-lasting influences on the health of the developing child. Chapters cover basic, clinical, and population perspectives, providing a range of valuable information from mechanistic insight through to public health and policy implications. Invaluable for obstetricians, gynaecologists, paediatricians, general and family physicians, subspecialists in obstetric and paediatric medicine, midwives, and dietitians, as well as researchers and public health policy makers seeking to tackle the burden of maternal obesity-related illness.

Download or read book Pregnancy Exercise written by Raul Artal Mittelmark and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pregnancy and Obesity written by Cynthia Maxwell and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2017-10-23 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity epidemic is a global problem of the 21th century for women in reproductive age and also the obstetricians and pediatricians. There are influences of mother's prepragnancy and antepartal obesity, at delivery, for fetal programming and for maternal and fetal lifelong metabolism. The epidemiological results are important, but for the health care providers the skills for prevention of mother's obesity with all consequences are essential. Evaluated programms in nutrition and physical activity will be discussed.

Download or read book Obesity During Pregnancy in Clinical Practice written by Wanda Nicholson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-26 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the effects of overweight/obesity in the childbearing years that can be effectively communicated to patients by their providers in a busy practice setting, and provides concise and understandable summaries of the evidence-based, theory-driven lifestyle interventions that have been shown to be effective for weight loss and modifying the risk of developing diabetes and obesity.

Download or read book Obesity written by Tahir A. Mahmood and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 695 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity is a continuing issue around the world and in many contexts. The growing number of obese people is an increasing concern for those in the medical profession, and obesity can pose specific challenges in relation to fertility and pregnancy. Patients who are obese require specific considerations and knowledge. Bringing together experts from a variety of specialties to examine the issues and challenges of obesity, this book discusses how obesity affects fertility, reproduction, and pregnancy. Beginning with an exploration of the epidemiology of obesity, further chapters focus on specific issues related to obesity and both male and female reproduction, the complications of obesity during pregnancy and labour, and the long term effects of obesity. This is the most comprehensive resource to examine the topic of obesity and reproductive issues, making it invaluable for medical students, professionals, and researchers in public policy and medicine. Comprehensive examination of fertility issues arising from male and female obesity Clinical knowledge and expertise given to the subjects In-depth examination through 47 chapters of a growing, but often overlooked, issue in fertility and pregnancy

Download or read book Midwifery Care For Pregnant Women Who Live With Obesity written by Yvonne M. Greig and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-04-12 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical guide equips midwives with the skills and knowledge necessary to support pregnant women living with obesity, from communicating meaningfully about weight through to providing evidence-based information about optimising health and making changes. Beginning with an overview of what living with obesity means for women, this book supports midwives to develop consultation skills and structure their encounters with women for maximum effect. It presents up-to-date, evidence-based information about the impact of obesity on pregnant women and their unborn babies from conception to birth and beyond. Chapters on changing health behaviours, nutrition and physical activity explore how to mitigate these risks and optimise health. Including reflective questions and case studies, this book is designed for practising and student midwives looking to develop their personalised care and communication skills.

Download or read book Clinical Maternal Fetal Medicine written by Hung N. Winn and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-09-01 with total page 855 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a comprehensive, one-stop online book relating to all areas of pregnancy and birth. The second edition of this easily searchable guide is edited by eminent experts in the field and includes new contributions from international authors. It will be an ideal reference for Maternal-Fetal Specialists and Generalists wanting an authoritative answer on any point. Key features: •Grouped in to six topics (modules) for convenience •Electronic search facility across all chapters •Approximately 700,000 words of text, 7000 references, 300 figures (including 100 in full colour), and 200 tables available to search Key topics: •All common pregnancy and birth related problems such as diabetes and pregnancy •Many rarer complications such as protozoan infections •Fetal assessment, which is absolutely central to MFM practice •Medico-legal aspects •Sickle cell disease – a major problem for patients of African descent New chapters include: •Recurrent early pregnancy losses •Invasive hemodynamic monitoring •Chronic and acute hypertension •Neurological disorders •Maternal obesity •Assessment of fetal genetic disorders •First and second trimester screening

Download or read book 01 Maternal Obesity and Gestational Weight Gain Associations with Maternal and Infant Outcomes written by Mary McCann and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity among women of childbearing age has become a major public health issue with one in five women now entering pregnancy classified as obese(1). In addition to pre pregnancy body mass index (BMI), excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) has been implicated as a risk factor for complications during pregnancy and can lead to retained weight postpartum and increased rates of obesity(2). Currently there are no evidence-based UK guidelines on appropriate GWG, with the routine weighing of women being discouraged(3). The aim of this study was to examine the influence of BMI and GWG on maternal and infant birth outcomes across normal weight, overweight and obese pregnant women. Pregnant women (N=240) without pregnancy complications, aged >18 years and having a singleton pregnancy were recruited from antenatal clinics in the Western Health and Social Care Trust in Northern Ireland. Body weight (kg) was measured at 12, 28 and 36 weeksu2019 gestation. Infant anthropometric measures at birth and other relevant health outcomes were recorded from maternal and paediatric notes. GWG and health outcomes were assessed, between and within BMI groups. Data were not normally distributed and are presented as median and interquartile range (IQR); non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used as appropriate. GWG was calculated for each BMI group and classified as either low or high GWG according to being below or above the median within each group. Normal weight women had significantly higher GWG (11.4 (9.0-13.4) kg) than those who were overweight (8.1 (6.6-12.2) kg) or obese (8.8 (3.6-11.7) kg), (normal vs overweight p=0.004, normal vs obese p= 0.029). There were no significant differences in birth outcomes between BMI groups. Normal weight women who were in the high GWG group required significantly more assisted deliveries than normal weight women in the low GWG group. These differences were not observed in the overweight or obese group. These findings demonstrate that in normal weight women, a higher GWG is associated with an increased need for assisted delivery. This research highlights the need for revised maternal policy on the monitoring of weight gain during pregnancy with the view to improving maternal and infant outcomes. 1. NHS digital (2017) - Statistics on obesity, physical activity and diet (accessed March 2018)2. Lipsky LM, Strawderman MS et al. Obesity;2015 20(7)1496-15023. NICE (2010)- Weight management before, during and after pregnancy. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ph27/resources/guidance-weight-management-before-during-and-after-pregnancy-pdf (accessed March 2018).

Download or read book Maternal obesity duration of labor and the role of leptin written by Sara Carlhäll and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-05-03 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: The prevalence of obesity substantially increases in pregnant women. Maternal obesity is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. The increased risk for cesarean section present in obese women has been related to potential impaired uterine contractility. The mechanism that underlies this theory is not clear. In vitro studies have shown that leptin, produced by adipose tissue and the placenta, exerts an inhibitory effect on myometrial contractility. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the labor process in relation to maternal body mass index (BMI) and the clinical role of leptin in this process. Material and Methods: Studies I-IV are cohort studies. The first two studies analyze the association between labor duration and maternal BMI based on data from the Perinatal Revision South register and the Swedish Pregnancy Register. Study I included 63,829 nulliparous women with a spontaneous onset of labor between 1995 and 2009. Study II included 15,259 nulliparous women with induced labor between 2014 and 2017. In study III, the maternal leptin levels during and after pregnancy were analyzed in 343 obese women with respect to their obesity class (I-III) and degree of gestational weight gain (GWG). In study IV, the association between the maternal leptin levels measured in active labor and duration of the active phase of labor was analyzed in 914 women. Results: The duration of spontaneous labor significantly increased with an increasing maternal BMI; however, the duration of the pushing phase was inversely related to BMI. Time in induced labor increased with maternal BMI; however, the differences between the BMI categories were more pronounced in the latent phase than the active phase. Leptin levels were higher in women with obesity class III than women with class I during and after pregnancy. The degree of GWG in obese women was not associated with maternal leptin. No significant association between maternal leptin and the duration of the active phase of labor was identified in the adjusted analyses. Conclusions: Nulliparous obese women have a higher risk for a prolonged duration of spontaneous and induced labor. This is important to consider prior to diagnosing labor arrest that results in a cesarean delivery. As maternal leptin levels are increased with the degree of obesity during pregnancy, future research on the association of high maternal leptin levels and the duration of labor is warranted.

Download or read book Developmental Origins of Health and Disease written by Peter Gluckman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-04-20 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This landmark publication provides the first definitive account of how and why subtle influences on the fetus and during early life can have such profound consequences for adult health and diseases. Although the epidemiological evidence for this link has long proved compelling, it is only much more recently that the scientific and physiological basis has begun to be studied in depth and fully understood. The compilation, written by many of the world's leading experts in this exciting field, summarizes these scientific and clinical advances.

Download or read book Diet and Physical Activity Interventions to Prevent Excessive Gestational Weight Gain written by Xingyue Wang and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Diet and Physical Activity Interventions to Prevent Excessive Gestational Weight Gain: a Systematic Review" by Xingyue, Wang, 王星月, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Background Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) poses significant risk for maternal and neonatal health. Various guidelines have recommended healthy diets and enhancing physical activity during pregnancy to prevent excessive GWG. However, results of intervention studies are inconsistent in the developed countries, and there are no official guidelines and few interventions for GWG in China. This paper aims to review and synthesize relevant studies on diet and physical activity interventions to prevent excessive GWG so that practical suggestions can be provided to public health authorities in China. Methods This systematic review was performed using PubMed, Google and Google Scholar to search all relevant studies in English and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated diet and physical activity interventions to limit excessive GWG up to May 2014. The quality of included studies was assessed using CONSORT statement and JADAD scale. Results Nine studies describing diet and physical activity interventions to prevent excessive GWG were incorporated in the systematic review. Overall, the contents of interventions were diverse, which consisted of one-to-one counselling, and community-based physical activity interventions. Weekly mailed newsletters and supportive telephone calls were used as assistive tools to remind pregnant women of limiting excessive GWG. Seven studies showed less weight gain in pregnant women receiving the intervention, of which four studies demonstrated a reduction in excessive GWG in women with varying body mass index (BMI) spanning the normal, overweight and obese categories, while three studies reported a reduction of excessive GWG only in normal weight women and obese women need to be paid attention in the future. Conclusions The effectiveness of diet and physical interventions to limit excessive GWG may not be confirmed because of limited quality or sample size of intervention studies. However, studies have demonstrated reduction of excessive GWG during pregnancy, in addition to persistent healthy behaviours following such interventions during pregnancy. Further meta-analyses of RCTs studies should be done to confirm the effectiveness of such interventions among Chinese women. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5320696 Subjects: Exercise for pregnant women Pregnant women - Weight gain - Prevention Pregnancy - Nutritional aspects

Download or read book Pathophysiology of Obesity Induced Health Complications written by Paramjit S. Tappia and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-17 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ​According to the World Health Organization, the epidemic of global obesity has nearly tripled since 1975. In 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight, over 650 million of which were obese. Being overweight and obese has been linked to a number of non-communicable, chronic diseases. Pathophysiology of Obesity-Induced Health Complications is a compilation of review articles dedicated to describe co-morbidities associated with obesity. The wide range that is covered is of significant interest to basic research scientists, clinicians and graduate students who are engaged in studying obesity-induced health complications. Furthermore, this book highlights the potential of novel approaches for the prevention and treatment of obesity and its related illnesses. Nineteen articles in this book are organized in four sections that are designed to provide an overview of obesity-induced health complications. The first section serves as an introductory section on the prevalence, causes, consequences, treatments and preventive approaches for obesity. Section two covers the metabolic disturbances and inflammation due to obesity. The third section is focused on neurological and visceral complications as a consequence of obesity. The final section covers strategies for the prevention of obesity-induced complications. The book illustrates that obesity can result in a diverse range of pathophysiological conditions that adversely affect health.