Download or read book Phylogeography Evolution and Conservation in Forest associated Pacific Northwest Salamanders written by R. Steven Wagner and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phylogeographic studies of six Pacific Northwest forest-associated salamanders provide insight into historical and contemporary processes on population genetic structure. Among Larch Mountain Salamanders (Plethodon larselli), cytochrome b mitochondrial (mtDNA) sequences (381 bp) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs; 34 loci) supported separate Management Units for northern and southern populations (12 populations, N 184 individuals) as delineated by the Columbia River. Southern populations exhibited significantly reduced expected heterozygosity at RAPD loci, which may be a consequence of a founder event or bottleneck. Similarly, significant population structure was found in Oregon Slender Salamanders (Batrachoseps wrighti). Cytochrome b sequences (744 bp) revealed two historical lineages among 22 populations (N = 339 individuals). RAPD markers further differentiated mid-range populations. Therefore, overlapping Management Units are warranted for northern-most, mid-range, and southern-most populations. Phylogenetic relationships, taxonomic identity, and population differentiation was examined among four morphologically conserved Torrent Salamanders species (Family Rhyacotritonidae). Analysis of three mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b, 16S, and 12S ribosomal RNA) indicated each species represented a well-supported monophyletic group. Results agreed with allozyme data (Good et. al. 1987, Good and Wake 1992) suggesting three groups of Torrent Salamanders (Rhyacotriton variegatus, R. cascadae, and the ancestor of R. olympicus and R. kezeri) diverged during the Miocene. A more recent divergence appears to have occurred between R. olympicus and R. kezeri during the late Pliocene/early Pleistocene. Populations within R. variegatus appear to be as diverged as R. olympicus and R. kezeri, supporting conservation unit designation within R. variegatus. MtDNA 16S ribosomal RNA sequences and allozymes (5 loci) identified Cascade and Southern Torrent Salamanders recently discovered in the Central Oregon Cascades. Results indicate a range extension for both species and suggest the Middle Fork of the Willamette River may provide a geographic barrier to dispersal. Phylogenetic analyses of Southern Torrent Salamanders (72 localities) based upon cytochrome b sequences revealed three divergent clades (north coast, Oregon, and California) that coincide with possible geographic barriers to dispersal. Merging mtDNA results with previous allozyme studies provides support for an Evolutionary Significant Unit for the California dade and separate Management Units for the north coast and Oregon clades.
Download or read book Phylogeographic and Phylogenetic Exploration of Plethodon Plethodontidae Caudata Salamanders in the Pacific Northwest written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic studies of amphibians often reveal substantial population structure due to either historical demographics from changing climate and geographic features over varying timeframes. Eight species of terrestrial salamanders (Family: Plethodontidae, Genus: Plethodon) reside in forests of the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Plethodon vehiculum is the most widespread and abundant terrestrial salamander in the PNW yet evolutionary studies are lacking. Using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data (D-loop and cytb) questions regarding the phylogeography of P. vehiculum and phylogenetics of western Plethodons are explored. Two major clades were defined in P. vehiculum, a southern clade in the Klamath-Siskiyou region and a northern clade ranging from northern Oregon to British Columbia using parsimony and maximum likelihood trees and a haplotype network. High divergence levels between the north and south clades are observed warranting further investigation into the southern clade's unique evolutionary trajectory. The northern populations were not highly differentiated with high levels of haplotype sharing, not common in other terrestrial salamander species. A large recent range expansion or high habitat connectivity for these salamanders is suggested. The Columbia River did not act as barrier to dispersal in this species, however, Vancouver Island and the population of Washington's Olympic Peninsula revealed unique haplotypes only to those areas, due to the presence of geographic barriers to dispersal and/or multiple glacial refugia. The D-loop and cytb provided evidence for recent range expansion in the northern clade. This was the first study to incorporate all western Plethodon salamanders in a phylogenetic study. Parsimony and maximum likelihood methods offered strong support for recognized relationships among western Plethodons, however relationships between the major groups remain unhighly supported. Lack of genetic diversity in the mtDNA cytb gene in P. vehiculum is highly inconsistent with other Plethodon salamanders and highlights the importance of understanding mtDNA evolution in ectotherms. Divergence measures were used to estimate divergence times among species, dating all speciation before the Pleistocene glaciations. The southern OR clade of P. vehiculum was dated to have been separated from the northern clade at the start of the Pleistocene. The deep phylogeographic break here justifies the possibility of reclassification of the southern clade.
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Zoology written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Western Plethodon Salamanders as a Model System in Phylogeography written by Tara Anne Pelletier and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plethodon salamanders are fully terrestrial, lungless salamanders found in forested areas throughout North America. My dissertation focuses on five of these salamander species located in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). The PNW has a complex geologic history including events such as volcanism and repeated glaciations. This complexity makes studying biodiversity patterns informative as to what evolutionary processes shape current population and species structure. The five species that are the focus of my dissertation are used to learn about Plethodon salamanders in general, but because these salamanders are at different stages of divergence within and among species, they can further be used to explore methods in phylogeography, which help us better understand the process of evolution. First, I explore demographic model selection using genetic data in P. idahoensis (Chapter 2). The best demographic model for this species is one with population divergence, expansion, and migration. Furthermore, the evaluation of Approximate Bayesian computation techniques highlights the complexities of this method for model selection in phylogeography.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phylogeography Evolution and Population Genetics of the Salamanders Pseudobranchus in the Southeastern United States written by Fu-Guo Robert Liu and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This difference is tied to the greater population bottlenecking and extinction within P. axanthus due to interglacial marine flooding since the late Miocene, as well as to the faster sorting times for the mitochondrial DNA. Estimates of the ages and of the effective female population sizes (Nf) for both species show that P. striatus is at least 2.5 times older than P. axanthus despite their similar Nf. This age difference is linked to the more recent divergence of the phylogeographic groups within P. axanthus, again as a result of its greater lineage extinction due to interglacial marine flooding since the late Miocene.
Download or read book Phylogeographic and Phylogenetic Exploration of Plethodon Plethodontidae Caudata Salamanders in the Pacific Northwest written by Tara Anne Pelletier and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phylogeography of California written by Kristina A. Schierenbeck and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2014-08-26 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phylogeography of California examines the evolution of a variety of taxaÑancient and recent, native and migratoryÑto elucidate evolutionary events both major and minor that shaped the distribution, radiation, and speciation of the biota of California. The book also interprets evolutionary history in a geological context and reviews new and emerging phylogeographic patterns. Focusing on a region that is defined by physical and political boundaries, Kristina A. Schierenbeck provides a phylogeographic survey of CaliforniaÕs diverse flora and fauna according to their major organismal groups. Life history and ecological characteristics, which play prominent roles in the various outcomes for respective clades, are also considered throughout the work. Supporting scholars and researchers who study evolutionary diversification, the book analyzes research that helps assess one of the major challenges in phylogeographic studies: understanding changes in population structures shaped by geological and geographical processes. California is one of only twenty-five acknowledged biological hotspots worldwide, and the phylogeographic history of the state can be extrapolated to study other regions in western North America. Further consideration is given to implications for conservation, recommendations concerning the biogeographic provinces that roughly define the state of California, and predictions related to climate change.
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Relict Species written by Jan Christian Habel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-03 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mankind has evolved both genetically and culturally to become a most successful and dominant species. But we are now so numerous and our technology is so p- erful that we are having major effects on the planet, its environment, and the b- sphere. For some years prophets have warned of the possible detrimental consequences of our activities, such as pollution, deforestation, and overfishing, and recently it has become clear that we are even changing the atmosphere (e. g. ozone, carbon dioxide). This is worrying since the planet’s life systems are involved and dependent on its functioning. Current climate change – global w arming – is one recognised consequence of this larger problem. To face this major challenge, we will need the research and advice of many disciplines – Physics, Chemistry, Earth Sciences, Biology, and Sociology – and particularly the commitment of wise politicians such as US Senator Al Gore. An important aspect of this global problem that has been researched for several decades is the loss of species and the impoverishment of our ecosystems, and hence their ability to sustain themselves, and more particularly us! Through evolutionary time new species have been generated and some have gone extinct. Such extinction and regeneration are moulded by changes in the earth’s crust, atmosphere, and resultant climate. Some extinctions have been massive, particularly those asso- ated with catastrophic meteoric impacts like the end of the Cretaceous Period 65Mya.
Download or read book Biology and Conservation of Martens Sables and Fishers written by Keith B. Aubry and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2012-11-15 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mammals in the genus Martes are mid-sized carnivores of great importance to forest ecosystems. This book, the successor to Martens, Sables, and Fishers: Biology and Conservation, provides a scientific basis for management and conservation efforts designed to maintain or enhance the populations and habitats of Martes species throughout the world. The twenty synthesis chapters contained in this book bring together the perspectives and expertise of sixty-three scientists from twelve countries, and are organized by the five key themes of evolution and biogeography, population biology and management, habitat ecology and management, research techniques, and conservation. Recent developments in research technologies such as modeling and genetics, biological knowledge about pathogens and parasites, and concerns about the potential effects of global warming on the distribution and status of Martes populations make new syntheses of these areas especially timely. The volume provides an overview of what is known while clarifying initiatives for future research and conservation priorities, and will be of interest to mammalogists, resource managers, applied ecologists, and conservation biologists.
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proposed Issuance of Multiple Species Incidental Take Permits Or 4 d Rules Covering the Washington State Forest Practices Habitat Conservation Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 1082 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Elliott State Forest written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 662 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Final Forest Practices Habitat Conservation Plan written by Washington (State). Department of Natural Resources and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 1112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Causes and Consequences of Species Diversity in Forest Ecosystems written by Aaron M. Ellison and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-07-30 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Causes and Consequences of Species Diversity in Forest Ecosystems that was published in Forests
Download or read book Systematics and Conservation of Neotropical Amphibians and Reptiles written by Alessandro Catenazzi and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-08-31 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes all 14 articles contributed to the Special Issue "Systematics and Conservation of Neotropical Amphibians and Reptiles” in the journal Diversity, originally published in 2019 and 2020.
