Download or read book Photosynthesis and Transpiration of Perennial Ryegrass Lolium Perenne L in the Field written by Z. Hu and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Photosynthetic Response of the Perennial Ryegrass Lolium Perenne in Its Fifth Year of Free air CO sub 2 Enrichment FACE at Eschikon Switzerland written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stands of Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Bastion) were grown in the field at ambient or elevated (600[micro]mol mol[sup[minus]1])[CO[sub 2]], high (560 kg Ha[sup[minus]1] y[sup[minus]1]) or low (140 kg Ha[sup[minus]1] y[sup[minus]1]) nitrogen addition and were harvested five times a year during the growing season. The plants were sown during 1992, additional plots being sown during 1995. These were in their fifth year and second year of growth respectively. Exposure to elevated[CO[sub 2]] was carried out with a Free-Air CO[sub 2] Enrichment (FACE) system which provides the most realistic system of fumigation currently available. Elevated[CO[sub 2]] increased diurnal CO[sub 2] uptake by between 40 to 83% while reducing stomatal conductance by between 1 and 38% in all of the 1992 grown plants measured at high[CO[sub 2]]. Analysis of the A/c[sub i] response of 1992 grown plants showed no acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus in response to elevated[CO[sub 2]] - both V[sub c, max] (a measure of the maximum in vivo rate of carboxylation) and J[sub max] (a measure of the maximum capacity for the regeneration of RuBP) showed no significant change during any of the periods of regrowth. In contrast the leaves of 1995 grown plants, appeared to be experiencing an acclimatory change in their photosynthetic apparatus in response to elevated[CO[sub 2]]. However, this negative response seemed to be removed directly after a harvest when the source:sink balance had increased. The apparent lack of an acclimatory response after almost 5 years of growth at elevated[CO[sub 2]], suggests that L. perenne may be close to achieving the appropriate photosynthetic adjustments which would allow it to attain a significantly higher photosynthetic potential.
Download or read book Effects of Vernalization on the Subsequent Rates of Leaf Extinsion and Photosynthesis of Perennial Ryegrass Lolium Perenne L written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book On the Relation Between Tillering Leaf Area Dynamics and Growth of Perennial Ryegrass Lolium Perenne L written by E. N. van Loo and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cutting frequency had no effect.
Download or read book Abiotic Stress in Plants written by Shah Fahad and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-07-21 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental insults such as extremes of temperature, extremes of water status, and deteriorating soil conditions pose major threats to agriculture and food security. Employing contemporary tools and techniques from all branches of science, attempts are being made worldwide to understand how plants respond to abiotic stresses with the aim to manipulate plant performance that is better suited to withstand these stresses. This book searches for possible answers to several basic questions related to plant responses towards abiotic stresses. Synthesizing developments in plant stress biology, the book offers strategies that can be used in breeding, including genomic, molecular, physiological, and biotechnological approaches that have the potential to develop resilient plants and improve crop productivity worldwide.
Download or read book The Photosynthetic Acclimation of Lolium Perenne Growing in a Free air CO2 Enrichment FACE System written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stands of Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Bastion) were grown in the field at ambient or elevated (600[mu]mol/mol) CO2 concentration, high (560Kg/ha) or low (140Kg/ha) nitrogen addition and with a frequent (every 4 weeks) or infrequent (every 8 weeks) cutting regime. Plants were in the second year of a 3 year experiment. Exposure to elevated CO2 was carried out with a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) system which provides the most {open_quote}realistic{close_quote} system of CO2 fumigation currently available. Elevated CO2 increased diurnal CO2 assimilation by between 34 and 88% whilst reducing rates of stomatal conductance by between 1 and 42%. However, analysis of the A vs. Ci response showed considerable acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus in response to elevated CO2 - Vc{sub max} as an in vivo measure of RubisCO activity, decreased by between 29 and 35% in high CO2, whilst J{sub max}, as a measure of the RubP regeneration capacity, showed no significant change. Two out of three additional perennial grassland species studied showed similar acclamatory behavior to Ryegrass. Diurnal assimilation rate, J{sub max} and, in most cases, Vc{sub max}, increased significantly directly after cutting of Ryegrass stands, but nitrogen treatment had little effect on any of these parameters. Neither stomatal density, stomatal index nor stomatal pore length of Ryegrass were significantly altered by growth in elevated CO2. The results are discussed in terms of the limitation imposed on maximizing photosynthetic and growth responses of Ryegrass at elevated CO2, by the ability of perennial species to increase long-term sink capacity under these conditions.
Download or read book CRC Handbook of Plant Science in Agriculture written by B.R. Christie and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-01-06 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1987, this two-volume set is an exhaustive compilation of the most recent data on economically important crops. Volume I presents information on genetics, botany and growth of crop plants, while Volume II covers the production of Crops and their utilization.
Download or read book Crop Physiology written by L. T. Evans and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1975-02-20 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crops and world food supply, crop evolution, and the origins of crop physiology; Maize; Sugar cane; Rice; Wheat; Soybean; Pea; Potato; Sugar beet; Cotton; The physiological basis of crop yield.
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 1140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Performance of Perennial Ryegrass Lolium Perenne L Seed Crops Under Water Stress Conditions written by Theodosius Marmaduke Velloza and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summer drought is a major factor limiting the regrowth of perennial ryegrass seed crops. This phase of crop development has a strong influence on seed yield because most of the tillers that contribute towards next season's seed crop are produced or regrown during this period. In recent years many seed fields have exhibited premature decline probably because of extensive drought after harvesting. Therefore, this study was undertaken to (i) assess how post-harvest leaf and tiller development is impacted by the timing and severity of water stress and (ii) identify potential relationships of water stress to flowering and seed yield. Rain-out shelters were used to exclude rainfall from two cultivars which received either no irrigation or 2.5 cm of simulated rainfall in mid-August or mid-September or both. These were compared to an ambient treatment. No rainfall decreased total tiller production by approximately 30% in 1995 and 50% in 1996. There were also moderate reductions in tiller dry weight, tiller height, and slight decreases in number of leaves and the basal diameters. The trend showed that the cultivar Affinity responded quicker to an early irrigation whereas the cultivar Buccaneer had a longer period of summer dormancy. Total soluble sugars concentrations increased as tiller number decreased suggesting the potential for rapid compensatory growth upon alleviation of drought. Limited irrigation during the post-harvest period of regrowth did not generally affect fertile tiller number nor seed yields. Fewer vegetative tillers as the stands aged, together with other changes in plant parameters, may mark the beginning of the dieback problem. In greenhouse studies, four cultivars were rapidly stressed using vermiculite as a growth medium. Though little differences were observed among cultivars when physiological responses were evaluated, stomata' diffusive resistance and leaf temperatures increased, whereas plant water potential and leaf transpiration decreased as stress was prolonged. Plant survival following water stress was largely dependent on cultivar and gravimetric water content of vermiculite. This technique did not reasonably simulate natural drought conditions in terms of plant physiological performances nor soil characteristics, but it was useful to differentiate the ability of different genotypes to survive a drought-induced dieback.
Download or read book Spring Irrigation Management of Perennial Ryegrass Lolium Perenne L Seed Production written by Craig Millhouser King and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction of later maturing cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) places more seed production fields in a period of drought common to Oregon during vital stages of reproductive development. During these stages, the final yield of the crop is largely determined by the number of seeds set, and the development of individual seed weight. There is belief that water deficit during these periods may drastically reduce yield, which could be eliminated with properly timed spring irrigation. Therefore, this study was undertaken to (i) determine crop water use and water use efficiency of both irrigated and non-irrigated perennial ryegrass cultivars, (ii) observe any water use differences as a result of cultivar differences in perennial ryegrass, (iii) compare seed yield and seed yield components of different cultivars within irrigated and non-irrigated treatments, and (iv) determine appropriate timing and amount of irrigation to apply if it is revealed that irrigation enhances yield. A linear irrigation system was used to apply irrigation to six cultivars of perennial ryegrass in the crop years 2003 and 2004. In 2003 from 1 March to 25 July, 285 mm of water was consumed by non-irrigated plants, 365 mm when soil profile was filled once prior to peak anthesis, and 388 mm when soil moisture was maintained within 50 mm of field capacity to peak anthesis. In 2004 from 1 March to 8 July, nonirrigated plants consumed 279 mm of water, 353 mm from treatment to fill soil profile once, and 482 mm from treatment that maintained soil moisture up to peak anthesis. No statistical difference was observed in water use efficiency between treatments in 2003. In 2004 an interaction was observed between cultivars and irrigation, thus cultivars responded differently to irrigation. Contrasts revealed that cultivars responded differently with respect to water use efficiency. In 2003, irrigation to maintain soil moisture resulted in a 27% increase in yield, 18% due to an increase in seed number, and 8% due to an increase in seed weight. Irrigation to fill profile once resulted in a 21% increase in yield, 14% due to an increase in seed number, and 6% due to an increase in seed weight. In 2004 a cultivar by irrigation interaction was observed for total yield, seed weight, and seed number. Seed yield was increased by irrigation in all cultivars. In 2003, irrigation to maintain soil moisture began 3 June and corresponded with the beginning of anthesis, and proceeded to peak anthesis, 11 June. No rainfall was received during this period, or the period of seed fill which followed. In 2004 irrigation to maintain soil moisture began 29 April, and continued to peak anthesis, 4 June. Irrigation to fill profile once occurred between 3 June and 7 June in 2003, and between 31 May and 4 June in 2004. In 2004 significant rainfall occurred after peak anthesis during the period of seed fill. Data from both years suggest that irrigation to alleviate water deficit from the onset of anthesis through peak anthesis provides the plant with sufficient water to increase individual seed weight and seed set, thus improving overall yield.
Download or read book A Comparison of Plant Characteristics of Annual Ryegrass Oregon Lolium Multiflorum Lam and Linn Perennial Ryegrass Lolium Perenne L written by C. H. Rosell and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies were conducted to establish some characters which could be used, either in the field or in the laboratory, to differentiate between annual ryegrass (Oregon), Lolium multiflorum Lam., and Linn perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L. Vernation, percentage of glumes covering the spikelets, and height of seedlings seem to be fully reliable characters to differentiate the plants under study. Texture of the tillers, blade width, spikes length, spikelets length, glume length, callus shape of the rachilla, and rachilla length, seem to be relatively good characters for differentiating these species. Number of tillers, embracement of the auricles, number of spikelets per spike, teeth on the lemma, awns on the lemma, and weight of the seedlings are inadequate characters to differentiate between the species studied. Leaf color might be a useful guide to detect contamination, when the species are grown under identical conditions.
Download or read book CSSA Special Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Distribution of Neotyphodium Lolii endophyte Metabolic Activity in Perennial Ryegrass Lolium Perenne L and Its Implications for Alkaloid Distribution and Photosynthesis written by Martin Jürgen Spiering and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology written by Mohammad Pessarakli and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-07-13 with total page 1200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continuous discoveries in plant and crop physiology have resulted in an abundance of new information since the publication of the third edition of the Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology. Following its predecessors, the fourth edition of this well-regarded handbook offers a unique, comprehensive, and complete collection of topics in the field of plant and crop physiology. Divided into eleven sections, for easy access of information, this edition contains more than 90 percent new material, substantial revisions, and two new sections. The handbook covers the physiology of plant and crop growth and development, cellular and molecular aspects, plant genetics and production processes. The book presents findings on plant and crop growth in response to climatic changes, and considers the potential for plants and crops adaptation, exploring the biotechnological aspects of plant and crop improvement. This content is used to plan, implement, and evaluate strategies for increasing plant growth and crop yield. Readers benefit from numerous tables, figures, case studies and illustrations, as well as thousands of index words, all of which increase the accessibility of the information contained in this important handbook. New to the Edition: Contains 37 new chapters and 13 extensively revised and expanded chapters from the third edition of this book. Includes new or modified sections on soil-plant-water-nutrients-microorganisms physiological relations; and on plant growth regulators, both promoters and inhibitors. Additional new and modified chapters cover the physiological responses of lower plants and vascular plants and crops to metal-based nanoparticles and agrichemicals; and the growth responses of plants and crops to climate change and environmental stresses. With contributions from 95 scientists from 20 countries, this book provides a comprehensive resource for research and for university courses, covering plant and crop physiological responses under normal and stressful conditions ranging from cellular aspects to whole plants.
Download or read book Ecology Production and Management of Lolium for Forage in the USA written by Francis Marion Rouquette and published by American Society of Civil Engineers. This book was released on 1997 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Photosynthetic Acclimation of Lolium Perenne Growing in a Free air CO sub 2 Enrichment FACE System written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stands of Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Bastion) were grown in the field at ambient or elevated (600?mol/mol) CO2 concentration, high (560Kg/ha) or low (140Kg/ha) nitrogen addition and with a frequent (every 4 weeks) or infrequent (every 8 weeks) cutting regime. Plants were in the second year of a 3 year experiment. Exposure to elevated CO2 was carried out with a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) system which provides the most {open_quote}realistic{close_quote} system of CO2 fumigation currently available. Elevated CO2 increased diurnal CO2 assimilation by between 34 and 88% whilst reducing rates of stomatal conductance by between 1 and 42%. However, analysis of the A vs. Ci response showed considerable acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus in response to elevated CO2 - Vc{sub max} as an in vivo measure of RubisCO activity, decreased by between 29 and 35% in high CO2, whilst J{sub max}, as a measure of the RubP regeneration capacity, showed no significant change. Two out of three additional perennial grassland species studied showed similar acclamatory behavior to Ryegrass. Diurnal assimilation rate, J{sub max} and, in most cases, Vc{sub max}, increased significantly directly after cutting of Ryegrass stands, but nitrogen treatment had little effect on any of these parameters. Neither stomatal density, stomatal index nor stomatal pore length of Ryegrass were significantly altered by growth in elevated CO2. The results are discussed in terms of the limitation imposed on maximizing photosynthetic and growth responses of Ryegrass at elevated CO2, by the ability of perennial species to increase long-term sink capacity under these conditions.
