Download or read book Photodissociation Dynamics of CH2I2 OCS and CH3CHO written by Benjamin W. Toulson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter 1 outlines the focus of this thesis, understanding the mechanism of breaking a chemical bond following absorption of light.In Chapter 2 the design, construction and calibration of a new velocity-map direct current slice ion imaging (VMI) time-of-flight mass spectrometer is described. Wavelength tunable pulsed lasers are used to selectively pump (dissociate) a target molecule and probe (ionize) the fragments. Combing the techniques allows correlated photofragment quantum state distributions to be explored.Chapter 3 investigates the near-UV photodissociation dynamics of CH 2I2 using ion imaging over a range of excitation wavelengths. Ground state I(2P3/2) and spin-orbit excited I*( 2P1/2) atoms were probed using 2+1 resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) or with single-photon VUV ionization. Analysis of the ion images shows that, regardless of iodine spin-orbit state, ~20% of the available energy is partitioned into translation ET indicating that the CH2I co-fragment is formed highly internally excited. A refined C--I bond dissociation energy of D0 = 2.155+/-0.008 eV is determined.In Chapter 4 the photoproducts of OCS after UV excitation have been followed with photofragment excitation spectroscopy (PHOFEX), using REMPI to state-selectively monitor S(1D) and S(3P2,1,0) products while the pump wavelength was scanned. Probing the major S(1D) product results in a broad, unstructured action spectrum that reproduces the overall shape of the first absorption band. In contrast spectra obtained probing S(3P) products display prominent resonances superimposed on a broad continuum; the resonances correspond to the diffuse vibrational structure observed in the conventional absorption spectrum. The vibrational structure is assigned to four progressions, each dominated by the C--S stretch, following direct excitation to quasi-bound singlet and triplet states. The results confirm a recent theoretical prediction that direct excitation to the 23A" state can occur in OCS.In Chapter 5 ion imaging measurements of CH3 fragments from photolysis of CH3CHO reveal multiple pathways to the same set of products. By systematically exploring product formation over a timescale of picoseconds to nanoseconds, and wavelengths between 265-328 nm, an evolving picture of the dynamics is found. Evidence to suggest that the three-body CH3+CO+H pathway remains closed at all wavelengths is presented.
Download or read book Photodissociation Dynamics written by Reinhard Schinke and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1993-04-08 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text elucidates the achievements in calculating photodissociation cross sections and fragment state distributions from first principles, starting from multi-dimensional potential energy surfaces and the Schrödinger equation of nuclear motion. Following an extended introduction in which the various types of observables are outlined, the next four chapters summarize the basic theoretical tools, namely the time-independent and time-dependent quantum mechanical approaches as well as the classical picture of photodissociation. The discussion of absorption spectra, diffuse vibrational structures, the vibrational and rotational state distributions of the photofragments form the core of the book. More specific topics such as the dissociation of vibrationally excited molecules, emission during dissociation, or nonadiabatic effects are discussed in the last third of the book.
Download or read book Electronic and Photoelectron Spectroscopy written by Andrew M. Ellis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-01-13 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electronic and photoelectron spectroscopy can provide extraordinarily detailed information on the properties of molecules and are in widespread use in the physical and chemical sciences. Applications extend beyond spectroscopy into important areas such as chemical dynamics, kinetics and atmospheric chemistry. This book aims to provide the reader with a firm grounding of the basic principles and experimental techniques employed. The extensive use of case studies effectively illustrates how spectra are assigned and how information can be extracted, communicating the matter in a compelling and instructive manner. Topics covered include laser-induced fluorescence, resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization, cavity ringdown and ZEKE spectroscopy. The volume is for advanced undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in spectroscopy and will also be useful to anyone encountering electronic and/or photoelectron spectroscopy during their research.
Download or read book Computational Molecular Spectroscopy written by Per Jensen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2000-11-02 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the use of modern computational methods in predicting high resolution molecular spectra, which allows the experimental spectroscopist to interpret and assign real spectra. * Offers a comprehensive treatment of modern computation techniques. * Provides a collection of material from different areas of theoretical chemistry and physics. * Bridges the gap between traditional quantum chemistry and experimental molecular spectroscopy.
Download or read book Chiral Analysis written by Kenneth W. Busch and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-10-13 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chiral Analysis covers an important area of analytical chemistry of relevance to a wide variety of scientific professionals. The target audience is scientific professionals with an undergraduate background in chemistry or a related discipline, specifically organic chemists, researchers in drug discovery, pharmaceutical researchers involved with process analysis or combinatorial libraries, and graduate students in chemistry. Chapters have been written with the nonspecialist in mind so as to be self-contained. * Broad coverage - spectroscopic and separation methods covered in a single volume * Up-to-date and detailed review of the various techniques available and/or under development in this field * Contributions from leading experts in the field
Download or read book High Resolution Laser Spectroscopy written by K. Shimoda and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-03-12 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions by numerous experts
Download or read book Nonlinear Spectroscopy written by Società italiana di fisica and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 1977 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Ions written by Terry Alan Miller and published by North-Holland. This book was released on 1983 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Kinetic Reaction Mechanisms written by Tamás Turányi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-29 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical processes in many fields of science and technology, including combustion, atmospheric chemistry, environmental modelling, process engineering, and systems biology, can be described by detailed reaction mechanisms consisting of numerous reaction steps. This book describes methods for the analysis of reaction mechanisms that are applicable in all these fields. Topics addressed include: how sensitivity and uncertainty analyses allow the calculation of the overall uncertainty of simulation results and the identification of the most important input parameters, the ways in which mechanisms can be reduced without losing important kinetic and dynamic detail, and the application of reduced models for more accurate engineering optimizations. This monograph is invaluable for researchers and engineers dealing with detailed reaction mechanisms, but is also useful for graduate students of related courses in chemistry, mechanical engineering, energy and environmental science and biology.
Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment written by Mihaela I. Stefan and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) rely on the efficient generation of reactive radical species and are increasingly attractive options for water remediation from a wide variety of organic micropollutants of human health and/or environmental concern. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment covers the key advanced oxidation processes developed for chemical contaminant destruction in polluted water sources, some of which have been implemented successfully at water treatment plants around the world. The book is structured in two sections; the first part is dedicated to the most relevant AOPs, whereas the topics covered in the second section include the photochemistry of chemical contaminants in the aquatic environment, advanced water treatment for water reuse, implementation of advanced treatment processes for drinking water production at a state-of-the art water treatment plant in Europe, advanced treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater, and green technologies for water remediation. The advanced oxidation processes discussed in the book cover the following aspects: - Process principles including the most recent scientific findings and interpretation. - Classes of compounds suitable to AOP treatment and examples of reaction mechanisms. - Chemical and photochemical degradation kinetics and modelling. - Water quality impact on process performance and practical considerations on process parameter selection criteria. - Process limitations and byproduct formation and strategies to mitigate any potential adverse effects on the treated water quality. - AOP equipment design and economics considerations. - Research studies and outcomes. - Case studies relevant to process implementation to water treatment. - Commercial applications. - Future research needs. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment presents the most recent scientific and technological achievements in process understanding and implementation, and addresses to anyone interested in water remediation, including water industry professionals, consulting engineers, regulators, academics, students. Editor: Mihaela I. Stefan - Trojan Technologies - Canada
Download or read book Electron Molecule Collisions written by Isao Shimamura and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scattering phenomena play an important role in modern physics. Many significant discoveries have been made through collision experiments. Amongst diverse kinds of collision systems, this book sheds light on the collision of an electron with a molecule. The electron-molecule collision provides a basic scattering problem. It is scattering by a nonspherical, multicentered composite particle with its centers having degrees of freedom of motion. The molecule can even disintegrate, Le., dissociate or ionize into fragments, some or all of which may also be molecules. Although it is a difficult problem, the recent theoretical, experimental, and computational progress has been so significant as to warrant publication of a book that specializes in this field. The progress owes partly to technical develop ments in measurements and computations. No less important has been the great and continuing stimulus from such fields of application as astrophysics, the physics of the earth's upper atmosphere, laser physics, radiation physics, the physics of gas discharges, magnetohydrodynamic power generation, and so on. This book aims at introducing the reader to the problem of electron molecule collisions, elucidating the physics behind the phenomena, and review ing, to some extent, up-to-date important results. This book should be appropri ate for graduate reading in physics and chemistry. We also believe that investi gators in atomic and molecular physics will benefit much from this book.
Download or read book Spectroscopy and Structure written by M.A. Duncan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-01-04 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spectroscopy and Structure
Download or read book Alkaline Earth Hydroxides in Water and Aqueous Solutions written by I. Lambert and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains evaluated data on the solubility of beryllium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide and barium hydroxide in water and in a number of electrolyte and nonelectrolyte solutions in water. The alkaline earth hydroxides can be divided into two groups depending on the hydration of the solid. First, the sparingly soluble anhydrous beryllium, magnesium and calcium hydroxides, whose freshly precipitated solids are poorly crystalline and show decreasing solubility with aging, and whose solubility in water decreases with increasing temperature. Second, the soluble strontium and barium hydroxide octahydrates that form crystalline precipitates which do not show changes in solubility on aging, and whose solubility in water increases with increasing temperature.
Download or read book Magnetic Fields and Star Formation written by Ana I. Gómez de Castro and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-09-17 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic Fields play a key role in the physics of star formation on all scales: from the formation of the large complexes of molecular clouds to the formation of solar-like planetary systems. The plasma physics involved is non-linear and very complex, which requires the development of large numerical codes. An additional difficulty is that the detection and study of magnetic fields is not easy from an observational point of view, and therefore theoretical models cannot easily be constrained. In the week from April 21st to 25th in 2003, a meeting was held on the Campus of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain) to join theoretical and observational efforts to address these issues. The objective was to define a set of relevant problems for the physics of star formation that can be properly addressed with the current or near-future instruments. This book summarizes the results of this intensive week of work. The book is written in a comprehensive manner and reviews our current knowledge of the subject. It also represents an updated account of the ideas and thoughts of the scientists working in the field of Star Formation. The contributions are presented in six chapters which correspond to the six fundamental issues (sessions) on which the discussion was focused during the workshop: the physics of turbulence in the Interstellar Medium (ISM), the formation of structure in the ISM, the formation of stars within dense cores of molecular gas, the physics of accretion disks, the physics of outflows and their interaction with the ISM, and the interaction between the stellar magnetosphere and accretion disk. Each chapter starts with a comprehensive summary written by one of the editors, which includes input from the contributions as well as the editor's own thoughts on the subject. For all these reasons the book is well-suited as a primer to introduce graduate students in the richness of this field of research.
Download or read book Rydberg Atoms written by Thomas F. Gallagher and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-11-03 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive description of the physics of Rydberg atoms, highlighting their remarkable properties by reference to their behavior in a wide range of physical situations. Following an overview of the basic properties of Rydberg atoms, their interactions with electric and magnetic fields are analyzed in detail. The collisions of Rydberg atoms with neutral and charged species are described, and the use of multichannel quantum defect theory in the study of Rydberg atomic systems is discussed.
Download or read book The Outer Galaxy written by Leo Blitz and published by Springer. This book was released on 1988 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book summarizes research into the fundamental properties of the outer Milky Way (including its mass, scale and rotation properties) and covers topics such as spiral structure, the interstellar medium, star formation, satellites of the Milky Way and the outer parts of some nearby galaxies. It contains new work on the outer rotation curve of the Milky Way, first results of a new low frequency galactic disk survey, new results on the scale of the Galaxy (the distance of the Sun from the center and the relation of the disk of the Milky Way to the halo). This is the first volume specifically dedicated to outer galaxy research. Professional astronomers and astrophysicists as well as graduate students will welcome this book as a guide in understanding the outer parts of the Milky Way and also other galaxies.
Download or read book Stem Cells written by Prasad S. Koka and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cells of varying potencies originating from the organ generating totipotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to terminally differented cells such as platelets formation, via pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and their downstream multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have in general been well characterized. Thus majority of these different stem cell types and their differentiation progeny can be tracked for subjecting to further characterizations for clinical relevance and consequently needed biological modifications at the cellular and molecular levels, for patients clinical treatments. The very first section of this books contents deal with the above stated description. Such characterizations and research laboratory manipulations of the stem cells have led to their clinical grade applications and treatments with positive benefits, as described in the second section of this book. The clinical benefits as published by Nova Science Publishers herein as part of the contents are of tremendous significance and provide relief to the handicapped individuals, particularly for those who suffered lifes biological hazards. This naturally seeks R&D-mediated bench to bedside benefits and solutions for the genetically defective individuals. Bone marrow-derived stem cells with HSCs as their primary components are increasingly being cast the human eyes with pregnant females resorting cord blood banking as they peek to dwell into the future well being of their offspring(s) which could even benefit their own selves, should there be expectedly sufficient HLA matching. The third section of this book deals with such topics. The induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) which were generated to overcome the ethical considerations of using ESCs were fraught with elaborate molecular and cellular biological engineering methods and the advent of derivation and usefulness of MSCs have since sidelined or relegated the iPSCs to a distant role. Nonetheless the hitherto served purpose of iPSCs is not discounted and yet unknown stumbling blocks of what seems to be a smooth going runway of MSCs may spring up in the clinical paths necessitated by the treatment along the future. In the fourth section of the book, it is to be kept in mind that uncontrolled proliferation of cells should be avoided at all costs. Whereas self-renewal of stem cells is generally expected to lead to a turnover, it need not be the case with regeneration processes. This will depend upon the genetic make up of the donor-derived and invasively injected stem cells plus accompanying biological reagent components, as well as also the recipients physical conditions. The fifth and last section of the book deals with conventional and alternative medicine topics applicable to carcinogenesis or such tendencies. Telomerase activity is a double edged sword. Therefore its homeostasis or equilibrium is to be maintained. Discriminatory apoptosis that is of beneficial nature affecting malignant cells but not the normal cells is necessary. Thus equation between apoptotic and telomerase activities even those of stem cells should be as hand in glove.
