Download or read book Phasing Lead Out of Gasoline written by United Nations Environment Programme. Division of Technology, Industry, and Economics and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 1999 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phasing Out Lead from Gasoline written by Magda Lovei and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Technical Paper No. 397.Human exposure to lead represents a serious environmental health problem in many urban areas. This report underlines the World Banks catalytic role in building government commitment, adopting appropriate policies, and facilitating the implementation of lead phaseout. Based on a review of health and technical issues, it points out that the phaseout of lead from gasoline is a desirable policy measure which can yield significant social benefits.
Download or read book Lead Its Effects on Environment and Health written by Astrid Sigel and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2017-04-10 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 17, entitled Lead: Its Effects on Environment and Health of the series Metal Ions in Life Sciences centers on the interrelations between biosystems and lead. The book provides an up-to-date review of the bioinorganic chemistry of this metal and its ions; it covers the biogeochemistry of lead, its use (not only as gasoline additive) and anthropogenic release into the environment, its cycling and speciation in the atmosphere, in waters, soils, and sediments, and also in mammalian organs. The analytical tools to determine and to quantify this toxic element in blood, saliva, urine, hair, etc. are described. The properties of lead(II) complexes formed with amino acids, peptides, proteins (including metallothioneins), nucleobases, nucleotides, nucleic acids, and other ligands of biological relevance are summarized for the solid state and for aqueous solutions as well. All this is important for obtaining a coherent picture on the properties of lead, its effects on plants and toxic actions on mammalian organs. This and more is treated in an authoritative and timely manner in the 16 stimulating chapters of Volume 17, which are written by 36 internationally recognized experts from 13 nations. The impact of this recently again vibrant research area is manifested in nearly 2000 references, over 50 tables and more than 100 illustrations (half in color). Lead: Its Effects on Environment and Health is an essential resource for scientists working in the wide range from material sciences, inorganic biochemistry all the way through to medicine including the clinic ... not forgetting that it also provides excellent information for teaching.
Download or read book Costs and Benefits of Reducing Lead in Gasoline written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Successful Conversion to Unleaded Gasoline in Thailand written by Philip Sayeg and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Government of Thailand within a five-year period (1991-95) introduced a series of initiatives that resulted in the elimination of leaded gasoline and reduction of ambient lead by a factor of 10. This report describes the strategies the government employed: educating about the dangers of airborne lead; setting a lower at-pump price for unleaded gasoline; helping the oil companies establish a system to distribute unleaded gasoline throughout the country; conducting monitoring and follow-up studies; and adjusting environmental regulations as necessary to support these policies.
Download or read book Phasing Out Lead from Gasoline in Central and Eastern Europe written by Magda Lovei and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Implementing the Environmental Action Programme for Central and Eastern Europe As a result of increasing awareness of the dangers of lead to human health and measures to tackle urban air pollution, the use of lead additives in gasoline has been declining rapidly worldwide since the 1970s. A number of countries have completely eliminated the use of lead additives in gasoline, but in Central and Eastern Europe, lead still ranks as one of the most serious and widespread environmental hazards--yet one that is relatively inexpensive to remedy. At a major international conference on the environment held in Switzerland in 1993, fifty countries endorsed the Environmental Action Programme for Central and Eastern Europe, which addressed environmental priority issues such as lead exposure. Phasing out Lead from Gasoline in Central and Eastern Europe summarizes the findings of case studies on lead phase-out as a first-step study designed to assist in the implementation of the Environmental Action Programme. It examines major sources and levels of lead exposure in the region, looks at the costs of phasing out leaded gasoline, describes progress in reducing lead exposure over the past 5-8 years, identifies human health improvements, and draws on lessons of experience from countries in the region. One of the case studies, for example, describes in detail the complete phase-out of leaded gasoline in the Slovak Republic. Although it recognizes the importance of dealing with all significant sources of lead exposure, the study focuses on lead exposure from the exhaust of vehicles using leaded gasoline.
Download or read book Prometheans in the Lab written by Sharon Bertsch McGrayne and published by Sharon Bertsch McGrayne. This book was released on 2001 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Table of contents includes: Soap and Nicholas Leblanc, Color and William Henry Perkin, Sugar and Norbert Rillieux, Clean water and Edward Frankland, Fertilizer, poison gas, and Fritz Haber, Leaded gasoline, safe refrigeration and Thomas Midgley, Jr., Nylon and Wallace Hume Carothers, DDT and Paul Hermann Muller, Lead-free gasoline and Clair C. Patterson.
Download or read book Environmental Medicine written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-05-28 with total page 988 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People are increasingly concerned about potential environmental health hazards and often ask their physicians questions such as: "Is the tap water safe to drink?" "Is it safe to live near power lines?" Unfortunately, physicians often lack the information and training related to environmental health risks needed to answer such questions. This book discusses six competency based learning objectives for all medical school students, discusses the relevance of environmental health to specific courses and clerkships, and demonstrates how to integrate environmental health into the curriculum through published case studies, some of which are included in one of the book's three appendices. Also included is a guide on where to obtain additional information for treatment, referral, and follow-up for diseases with possible environmental and/or occupational origins.
Download or read book Implementer s Guide to Phasing Out Lead in Gasoline written by United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-08 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Implementer's Guide to Phasing Out Lead in Gasoline
Download or read book Leaded Gasoline Phase out written by Canada. Conservation and Protection and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phasing Out Lead from Gasoline in Central and Eastern Europe written by Magda Lovei and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Implementing the Environmental Action Programme for Central and Eastern Europe As a result of increasing awareness of the dangers of lead to human health and measures to tackle urban air pollution, the use of lead additives in gasoline has been declining rapidly worldwide since the 1970s. A number of countries have completely eliminated the use of lead additives in gasoline, but in Central and Eastern Europe, lead still ranks as one of the most serious and widespread environmental hazards--yet one that is relatively inexpensive to remedy. At a major international conference on the environment held in Switzerland in 1993, fifty countries endorsed the Environmental Action Programme for Central and Eastern Europe, which addressed environmental priority issues such as lead exposure. Phasing out Lead from Gasoline in Central and Eastern Europe summarizes the findings of case studies on lead phase-out as a first-step study designed to assist in the implementation of the Environmental Action Programme. It examines major sources and levels of lead exposure in the region, looks at the costs of phasing out leaded gasoline, describes progress in reducing lead exposure over the past 5-8 years, identifies human health improvements, and draws on lessons of experience from countries in the region. One of the case studies, for example, describes in detail the complete phase-out of leaded gasoline in the Slovak Republic. Although it recognizes the importance of dealing with all significant sources of lead exposure, the study focuses on lead exposure from the exhaust of vehicles using leaded gasoline.
Download or read book Emergency Response Guidebook written by U.S. Department of Transportation and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2013-06-03 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does the identification number 60 indicate a toxic substance or a flammable solid, in the molten state at an elevated temperature? Does the identification number 1035 indicate ethane or butane? What is the difference between natural gas transmission pipelines and natural gas distribution pipelines? If you came upon an overturned truck on the highway that was leaking, would you be able to identify if it was hazardous and know what steps to take? Questions like these and more are answered in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Learn how to identify symbols for and vehicles carrying toxic, flammable, explosive, radioactive, or otherwise harmful substances and how to respond once an incident involving those substances has been identified. Always be prepared in situations that are unfamiliar and dangerous and know how to rectify them. Keeping this guide around at all times will ensure that, if you were to come upon a transportation situation involving hazardous substances or dangerous goods, you will be able to help keep others and yourself out of danger. With color-coded pages for quick and easy reference, this is the official manual used by first responders in the United States and Canada for transportation incidents involving dangerous goods or hazardous materials.
Download or read book Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium and Heavy Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-07-30 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles evaluates various technologies and methods that could improve the fuel economy of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, such as tractor-trailers, transit buses, and work trucks. The book also recommends approaches that federal agencies could use to regulate these vehicles' fuel consumption. Currently there are no fuel consumption standards for such vehicles, which account for about 26 percent of the transportation fuel used in the U.S. The miles-per-gallon measure used to regulate the fuel economy of passenger cars. is not appropriate for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, which are designed above all to carry loads efficiently. Instead, any regulation of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles should use a metric that reflects the efficiency with which a vehicle moves goods or passengers, such as gallons per ton-mile, a unit that reflects the amount of fuel a vehicle would use to carry a ton of goods one mile. This is called load-specific fuel consumption (LSFC). The book estimates the improvements that various technologies could achieve over the next decade in seven vehicle types. For example, using advanced diesel engines in tractor-trailers could lower their fuel consumption by up to 20 percent by 2020, and improved aerodynamics could yield an 11 percent reduction. Hybrid powertrains could lower the fuel consumption of vehicles that stop frequently, such as garbage trucks and transit buses, by as much 35 percent in the same time frame.
Download or read book Lead Toxicity written by Sarah E. Royce and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Storage Stability of Fuels written by Krzysztof Biernat and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-02-04 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an analysis of the results of studies of motor fuels ageing, conducted in laboratory and model conditions, in terms of building a system operating on-line, allowing continuous assessment of the operational usability of gasoline and diesel fuels, including those containing the addition of ethanol and FAME, respectively. This research was carried out in the framework of the project: "A system for the continuous control of the degree and rate of the liquid fuels ageing process during storage, which received co-funding from the European Regional Development Fund under the Operational Programme "Innovative Economy". The book presents an evaluation of the impact of fuel production processes on its stability and an analysis of changes in normative parameters of fuels during their storage and use. The book presents also the results of tests on the corrosive effects of fuels during storage processes. This project was co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund under the Operational Programme "Innovative Economy".
Download or read book Oil and Gas Production Handbook An Introduction to Oil and Gas Production written by Havard Devold and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2013 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation Second Edition written by Roland N. Pittman and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-18 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.
