Download or read book Natural Extracts Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide written by Mamata Mukhopadhyay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-06-27 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthesizing research from a wide variety of sources, this work offers a convenient guide to a clean, safe, inexpensive, non-toxic, non-polluting solvent that performs better than most conventional solvents. Natural Extracts Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide reviews recent developments in the technology and its applications to the food, flavor, fragrance, and pharmaceutical industries. It outlines the many advantages that this method has over traditional methods like steam distillation, solvent extraction, and molecular distillation, and it supports the popular trend toward the use of natural products in these industries.
Download or read book Vapor liquid Equilibrium Data Collection Aqueous organic systems written by Jürgen Gmehling and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Supercritical Fluids written by E. Kiran and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supercritical fluids are neither gas nor liquid, but can be compressed gradually from low to high density and they are therefore interesting and important as tunable solvents and reaction media in the chemical process industry. By adjusting the density the properties of these fluids can be customised and manipulated for a given process - physical or chemical transformation. Separation and processing using supercritical solvents such as CO2 are currently on-line commercially in the food, essential oils and polymer industries. Many agencies and industries are considering the use of supercritical water for waste remediation. Supercritical fluid chromatography represents another, major analytical application. Significant advances have recently been made in materials processing, ranging from particle formation to the creation of porous materials. The chapters in this book provide tutorial accounts of topical areas centred around: (1) phase equilibria, thermodynamics and equations of state; (2) critical behaviour, crossover effects; (3) transport and interfacial properties; (4) molecular modelling, computer simulation; (5) reactions, spectroscopy; (6) phase separation kinetics; (7) extractions; (8) applications to polymers, pharmaceuticals, natural materials and chromatography; (9) process scale-up.
Download or read book CO2 Sequestration and Valorization written by Claudia R. V. Morgado and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2014-03-12 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reconciliation of economic development, social justice and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is one of the biggest political challenges of the moment. Strategies for mitigating CO2 emissions on a large scale using sequestration, storage and carbon technologies are priorities on the agendas of research centres and governments. Research on carbon sequestration is the path to solving major sustainability problems of this century a complex issue that requires a scientific approach and multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary technology, plus a collaborative policy among nations. Thus, this challenge makes this book an important source of information for researchers, policymakers and anyone with an inquiring mind on this subject.
Download or read book Dense Phase Carbon Dioxide written by Murat O. Balaban and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-05 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dense phase carbon dioxide (DPCD) is a non-thermal method for food and pharmaceutical processing that can ensure safe products with minimal nutrient loss and better preserved quality attributes. Its application is quite different than, for example, supercritical extraction with CO 2 where the typical solubility of materials in CO 2 is in the order of 1% and therefore requires large volumes of CO 2. In contrast, processing with DPCD requires much less CO 2 (between 5 to 8% CO 2 by weight) and the pressures used are at least one order of magnitude less than those typically used in ultra high pressure (UHP) processing. There is no noticeable temperature increase due to pressurization, and typical process temperatures are around 40°C. DPCD temporarily reduces the pH of liquid foods and because oxygen is removed from the environment, and because the temperature is not high during the short process time (typically about five minutes in continuous systems), nutrients, antioxidant activity, and vitamins are much better preserved than with thermal treatments. In pharmaceutical applications, DPCD facilitates the production of micronized powders of controlled particle size and distribution. Although the capital and operating costs are higher than that of thermal treatments, they are much lower than other non-thermal technology operations. This book is the first to bring together the significant amount of research into DPCD and highlight its effectiveness against microorganisms and enzymes as well as its potential in particle engineering. It is directed at food and pharmaceutical industry scientists and technologists working with DPCD and other traditional or non-thermal technologies that can potentially be used in conjunction with DPCD. It will also be of interest to packaging specialists and regulatory agencies.
Download or read book Liquid Extraction written by Robert E Treybal and published by Franklin Classics. This book was released on 2018-10-15 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book CRC Handbook of Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamic Data of Polymer Solutions at Elevated Pressures written by Christian Wohlfarth and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-02-10 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a continuing interest in thermodynamic properties of polymer solutions at elevated pressures. This updated book provides newly published experimental data from the last decade. It includes nearly 500 newly published references containing approximately 175 new vapor-liquid equilibrium data sets, 25 new liquid-liquid equilibrium data sets, 540 new high-pressure fluid phase equilibrium data sets, 60 new data sets describing PVT properties of polymers, and 20 new data sets with densities or excess volumes.
Download or read book Green Chemistry Using Liquid and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide written by Joseph M. DeSimone and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003-11-20 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemists have been researching the potential of liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide for environmentally safe applications. This edited volume will cover the various applications of using these forms of carbon dioxide. The three main areas of focus are catalysis and chemical synthesis in CO2, polymers in CO2, and industrial processes and applications utilizing CO2. The book is aimed at researchers in academia and industry, and the contributors are all experts in the field.
Download or read book Phase Equilibrium Engineering written by Esteban Brignole and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-04-02 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this chapter, supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation of natural oil mixtures are presented as an alternative to traditional methods like steam distillation, liquid solvent extraction, or vacuum distillation. In the search of alternatives to traditional methods, the principles of phase equilibrium engineering are followed to analyze the SCF extraction and continuous fractionation of natural products. The fundamentals of these high pressure technologies, which combine the principles of distillation and extractive distillation, are presented together with the limitation of simple countercurrent fractionation, which in the end justifies the need of external reflux. Through several case studies, the optimization and solvent selection are analyzed for processes in which the fractionation is driven by the pressure, temperature, and flow rate of the SCF.
Download or read book Thermodynamics of Phase Equilibria in Food Engineering written by Camila Gambini Pereira and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-10-17 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermodynamics of Phase Equilibria in Food Engineering is the definitive book on thermodynamics of equilibrium applied to food engineering. Food is a complex matrix consisting of different groups of compounds divided into macronutrients (lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins), and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals). The quality characteristics of food products associated with the sensorial, physical and microbiological attributes are directly related to the thermodynamic properties of specific compounds and complexes that are formed during processing or by the action of diverse interventions, such as the environment, biochemical reactions, and others. In addition, in obtaining bioactive substances using separation processes, the knowledge of phase equilibria of food systems is essential to provide an efficient separation, with a low cost in the process and high selectivity in the recovery of the desired component. This book combines theory and application of phase equilibria data of systems containing food compounds to help food engineers and researchers to solve complex problems found in food processing. It provides support to researchers from academia and industry to better understand the behavior of food materials in the face of processing effects, and to develop ways to improve the quality of the food products. - Presents the fundamentals of phase equilibria in the food industry - Describes both classic and advanced models, including cubic equations of state and activity coefficient - Encompasses distillation, solid-liquid extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, adsorption, crystallization and supercritical fluid extraction - Explores equilibrium in advanced systems, including colloidal, electrolyte and protein systems
Download or read book Solubility in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide written by Ram B. Gupta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-12-06 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supercritical fluid extraction is an environmentally safe and cost-effective alternative to traditional organic solvents. Carbon dioxide is widely used as the solvent of choice for applications such as caffeine and nicotine extraction due to its mild critical temperature, nontoxicity, nonflammability, and low cost. Introducing the most complete col
Download or read book Phase Equilibrium Engineering written by Esteban Alberto Brignole and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-04-02 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, the teaching of phase equilibria emphasizes the relationships between the thermodynamic variables of each phase in equilibrium rather than its engineering applications. This book changes the focus from the use of thermodynamics relationships to compute phase equilibria to the design and control of the phase conditions that a process needs. Phase Equilibrium Engineering presents a systematic study and application of phase equilibrium tools to the development of chemical processes. The thermodynamic modeling of mixtures for process development, synthesis, simulation, design and optimization is analyzed. The relation between the mixture molecular properties, the selection of the thermodynamic model and the process technology that could be applied are discussed. A classification of mixtures, separation process, thermodynamic models and technologies is presented to guide the engineer in the world of separation processes. The phase condition required for a given reacting system is studied at subcritical and supercritical conditions. The four cardinal points of phase equilibrium engineering are: the chemical plant or process, the laboratory, the modeling of phase equilibria and the simulator. The harmonization of all these components to obtain a better design or operation is the ultimate goal of phase equilibrium engineering. - Methodologies are discussed using relevant industrial examples - The molecular nature and composition of the process mixture is given a key role in process decisions - Phase equilibrium diagrams are used as a drawing board for process implementation
Download or read book Chemical Engineering at Supercritical Fluid Conditions written by Michael E. Paulaitis and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1983 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Supercritical Fluid Technology 1991 written by Thomas J. Bruno and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, we have collected a series of reviews that cover both experimental and theoretical work geared toward the more exact requirements of current SFE applications. While we have artificially divided the volume into experimental and theoretical sections, natural overlaps will be apparent. Many of the papers on experimental and theoretical sections, natural overlaps will be apparent. Many of the papers on experimental technique contain discussions on equation of state correlations. Indeed, a good deal of the experimental work is intimately tied to a mathematical description of fluid mixtures. The theoretical section presents reviews that cover the modern theory of critical phenomena, methods to correlate near critical experimental results and approaches to understanding the behavior of near critical fluids from microscopic theory. It is hoped that the scope of these reviews will provide the reader with the basis to further develop our understanding of the behavior of supercritical fluids.
Download or read book The Experimental Determination of Solubilities written by G. T. Hefter and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-11-14 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: * Guidelines are provided on the reliability of various methods, as well as information for selecting the appropriate technique. * Unique coverage of the whole range of solubility measurements. * Very useful for investigators interested in embarking upon solubility measurements.
Download or read book Measurement of Phase Equilibria Viscosity and Diffusion in Lipid Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Mixtures written by Peter Thomas Kashulines and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Acid Gas Injection and Carbon Dioxide Sequestration written by John J. Carroll and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-12-13 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a complete treatment on two of the hottest topics in the energy sector – acid gas injection and carbon dioxide sequestration This book provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of two techniques that are rapidly increasing in importance and usage in the natural gas and petroleum industry — acid gas injection and carbon dioxide sequestration. The author, a well-known and respected authority on both processes, presents the theory of the technology, then discusses practical applications the engineer working in the field can implement. Both hot-button issues in the industry, these processes will help companies in the energy industry "go green," by creating a safer, cleaner environment. These techniques also create a more efficient and profitable process in the plant, cutting waste and making operations more streamlined. This outstanding new reference includes: Uses of acid gas injection, the method of choice for disposing of small quantities of acid gas Coverage of technologies for working towards a zero-emission process in natural gas production A practical discussion of carbon dioxide sequestration, an emerging new topic, often described as one of the possible solutions for reversing global warming Problems and solutions for students at the graduate level and industry course participants
