Download or read book Phase 2 High Visibility Crosswalk Pedestrian Study written by Kevin Majka and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was focused on evaluating the effectiveness that high-visibility crosswalk (HVC) markings have on improving pedestrian safety. Naturalistic driving data was used to analyze vehicle kinematics and driver behavior in relation to the approach and traversal of HVC locations before and after their implementation. Traffic safety surrogates were developed and evaluated in the presence of different marking types, configurations, and for varying driver characteristics. The findings indicate that the placement of pedestrian crossing signs in advance of the HVC significantly improved the safety surrogates, ladder type configurations were the most effective overall in affecting driver behavior including external scanning patterns, and that targeting education and awareness programs towards young and older drivers could prove to be successful in enhancing the effectiveness of HVC implementations. This study, utilizing naturalistic driving data, provides a more comprehensive analysis on the overall effectiveness of all types and implementations of HVCs.
Download or read book Pedestrian Facilities Users Guide Providing Safety and Mobility written by Charles V. Zegeer and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide is intended to provide information on how to identify safety and mobility needs for pedestrians with the roadway right-of-way. Useful for engineers, planners, safety professionals and decision-makers, the guide covers such topics as: the Walking Environment including sidewalks, curb ramps, crosswalks, roadway lighting and pedestrian over and under passes; Roadway Design including bicycle lanes, roadway narrowing, reducing the number of lanes, one-way/two-way streets, right-turn slip lanes and raised medians; Intersections with roundabouts, T-intersections and median barriers; and Traffic calming designs.
Download or read book NCHRP Report 562 written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Statistical and Econometric Methods for Transportation Data Analysis written by Simon Washington and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-01-30 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book's website (with databases and other support materials) can be accessed here. Praise for the Second Edition: The second edition introduces an especially broad set of statistical methods ... As a lecturer in both transportation and marketing research, I find this book an excellent textbook for advanced undergraduate, Master’s and Ph.D. students, covering topics from simple descriptive statistics to complex Bayesian models. ... It is one of the few books that cover an extensive set of statistical methods needed for data analysis in transportation. The book offers a wealth of examples from the transportation field. —The American Statistician Statistical and Econometric Methods for Transportation Data Analysis, Third Edition offers an expansion over the first and second editions in response to the recent methodological advancements in the fields of econometrics and statistics and to provide an increasing range of examples and corresponding data sets. It describes and illustrates some of the statistical and econometric tools commonly used in transportation data analysis. It provides a wide breadth of examples and case studies, covering applications in various aspects of transportation planning, engineering, safety, and economics. Ample analytical rigor is provided in each chapter so that fundamental concepts and principles are clear and numerous references are provided for those seeking additional technical details and applications. New to the Third Edition Updated references and improved examples throughout. New sections on random parameters linear regression and ordered probability models including the hierarchical ordered probit model. A new section on random parameters models with heterogeneity in the means and variances of parameter estimates. Multiple new sections on correlated random parameters and correlated grouped random parameters in probit, logit and hazard-based models. A new section discussing the practical aspects of random parameters model estimation. A new chapter on Latent Class Models. A new chapter on Bivariate and Multivariate Dependent Variable Models. Statistical and Econometric Methods for Transportation Data Analysis, Third Edition can serve as a textbook for advanced undergraduate, Masters, and Ph.D. students in transportation-related disciplines including engineering, economics, urban and regional planning, and sociology. The book also serves as a technical reference for researchers and practitioners wishing to examine and understand a broad range of statistical and econometric tools required to study transportation problems.
Download or read book Impact of Crosswalk Lighting Improvements on Pedestrian Safety written by Elisabeta Mitran and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study conducted a nationwide literature review to obtain the state of knowledge on the relationship between lighting conditions and pedestrian crashes, assessing how lighting countermeasures at crosswalks improve pedestrian safety. The study gathered information on crosswalk lighting treatments, existing national guidelines for lighting at pedestrian crossings, and safety effectiveness of pedestrian crosswalks lighting. Reducing pedestrian crashes remains a major challenge in the United States. Pedestrian fatalities have been on the rise in the last 10 years, reaching approximately 6,000 fatalities in 2017, which accounted for 16 percent of all traffic fatalities. Among these pedestrian fatalities, about 75 percent occurred in dark conditions. The high number of crashes during dark conditions advocates for prioritizing lighting countermeasures to improve crosswalks visibility and pedestrian safety. This literature review identified overhead lighting, in-road flashing lights, and bollard level lights as the most used crosswalk lighting treatments. For crosswalk lighting and the amount of light needed to detect pedestrians crossing during nighttime, transportation agencies should consider, wherever feasible, providing adequate lighting at pedestrian crossings, especially where nighttime pedestrian volumes are high. Existing national guidelines recommend the light source to be located at least 10 ft. in front of the crosswalks, a vertical illuminance of 20 lux measured at a height of 5 ft. above the road surface, and street lights to be placed on both sides of the roadway. The review revealed a small number of studies that investigated pedestrian safety with respect to crosswalk lighting. These studies were grouped in three categories: behavioral, modeling, and crash studies. The behavioral studies showed, in general, enhanced lighting at crosswalks led to an improvement in drivers' awareness and yielding to pedestrians, an increase in pedestrian observational behavior, and an increase in the car stopping distance before crosswalks. The modeling studies showed that providing street lighting is associated with lower probabilities of pedestrian fatalities and severe injuries. Crash studies found that providing adequate lighting at intersections helps to reduce the frequency of nighttime crashes and increase safety. Although there is evidence that crosswalk lighting, especially intersection lighting, has a positive impact on nighttime crashes, it is the researchers' conclusion that extensive before-after studies are needed to investigate the safety effects of crosswalks lighting on pedestrian crashes and visibility as well as to develop appropriate crash modification factors. A survey is also recommended to collect information from states or municipalities that may have implemented such countermeasures.
Download or read book Guide for the Planning Design and Operation of Pedestrian Facilities written by and published by AASHTO. This book was released on 2004 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Roundabouts written by Lee August Rodegerdts and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2010 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 672: Roundabouts: An Informational Guide - Second Edition explores the planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of roundabouts. The report also addresses issues that may be useful in helping to explain the trade-offs associated with roundabouts. This report updates the U.S. Federal Highway Administration's Roundabouts: An Informational Guide, based on experience gained in the United States since that guide was published in 2000.
Download or read book Highway Safety Engineering Studies Procedural Guide written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Urban Intersection Improvements for Pedestrian Safety written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This purpose of the study was to identify problems associated with pedestrian-vehicle interactions at intersections, develop countermeasure concepts that would reduce these problems, and evaluate the most desirable countermeasures to determine their effectiveness. As an additional phase, Federal Highway Administration included a study to evaluate alternatives to full signalization at pedestrian crossings. The study was divided into three phases: Phase I was reported in Volume II, Identification of Safety and Operational Problems and was directed at identifying and defining the safety and operational problems associated with the interaction of pedestrians and vehicles at intersections. Phase II was divided into two tasks. Task A conducted research dealing with signal timing for the pedestrian. Task B was directed towards pedestrian signal display and operation research. Task A reported in Volume III, Signal Timing for the Pedestrian was directed at making recommendations concerning improvements in the timing of pedestrian traffic signals, both to maximize safety and to minimize delay. The report was divided into three sections: 1. Timing for a Combined Pedestrian-Vehicle Interval. 2. Alternative Phasing Schemes. 3. Other Areas of Pedestrian Signal Research. Task B was reported in Volume IV. Pedestrian Signal Displays and Operation was directed at evaluating pedestrian signal displays and operations. The study was divided into three parts: 1. Lunar vs. Clear White "WALK" Lens Study. 2. Word Message and Operation Study. 3. Symbol Message Study. Phase III reported in Volume V, Evaluation of Alternatives to Full Signalization at Pedestrian Crossings, was to develop traffic control devices that could be used as alternatives to full signalization at pedestrian crossings that are located at intersections. These traffic control devices were evaluated at the intersection of an arterial street with a low-volume residential street where adequate gaps in the traffic steam do not exist to allow pedestrians to cross the arterial street safely. The study was divided into two parts: identification of alternative pedestrian crossing designs, and field evaluations.
Download or read book Statewide Pedestrian Study written by Rollo J. Bush and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Statistical and Econometric Methods for Transportation Data Analysis written by Simon Washington and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-01-30 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book's website (with databases and other support materials) can be accessed here. Praise for the Second Edition: The second edition introduces an especially broad set of statistical methods ... As a lecturer in both transportation and marketing research, I find this book an excellent textbook for advanced undergraduate, Master’s and Ph.D. students, covering topics from simple descriptive statistics to complex Bayesian models. ... It is one of the few books that cover an extensive set of statistical methods needed for data analysis in transportation. The book offers a wealth of examples from the transportation field. —The American Statistician Statistical and Econometric Methods for Transportation Data Analysis, Third Edition offers an expansion over the first and second editions in response to the recent methodological advancements in the fields of econometrics and statistics and to provide an increasing range of examples and corresponding data sets. It describes and illustrates some of the statistical and econometric tools commonly used in transportation data analysis. It provides a wide breadth of examples and case studies, covering applications in various aspects of transportation planning, engineering, safety, and economics. Ample analytical rigor is provided in each chapter so that fundamental concepts and principles are clear and numerous references are provided for those seeking additional technical details and applications. New to the Third Edition Updated references and improved examples throughout. New sections on random parameters linear regression and ordered probability models including the hierarchical ordered probit model. A new section on random parameters models with heterogeneity in the means and variances of parameter estimates. Multiple new sections on correlated random parameters and correlated grouped random parameters in probit, logit and hazard-based models. A new section discussing the practical aspects of random parameters model estimation. A new chapter on Latent Class Models. A new chapter on Bivariate and Multivariate Dependent Variable Models. Statistical and Econometric Methods for Transportation Data Analysis, Third Edition can serve as a textbook for advanced undergraduate, Masters, and Ph.D. students in transportation-related disciplines including engineering, economics, urban and regional planning, and sociology. The book also serves as a technical reference for researchers and practitioners wishing to examine and understand a broad range of statistical and econometric tools required to study transportation problems.
Download or read book High visibility Safety Apparel and the Nighttime Conspicuity of Pedestrians in Work Zones written by James R. Sayer and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A nighttime field study was conducted to assess how several attributes of personal safety garments affect pedestrian conspicuity. Three types of ANSI/ISEA 107-1999 compliant Class 2 and Class 3 garments, like those frequently worn by road construction workers, were examined. Participants drove an instrumented research vehicle on a closed track, through simulated construction zones with naturalistic sight distances, and indicated when they first detected a pedestrian wearing one of the garments. The independent variables included trim intensity (RA), ANSI/ISEA garment classification/configuration, color of the trim, location of the pedestrian within the work zone, driver age, and driver gender. The distance at which each garment could first be detected served as the measure of garment conspicuity.The results show that garment classification/configuration, trim color, location of the pedestrian, and driver age all had significant effects on the distance at which garments could be detected. Over the ranges examined, neither the intensity nor the amount of trim material affected conspicuity. However, placement of the trim had a significant effect on conspicuity. Specifically, placing retroreflective trim on the arms of a Class 3 jacket, when compared with a Class 3 vest, significantly increased conspicuity of a pedestrian in motion. Nevertheless, any amount of retroreflective trim—regardless of its placement on the garment, color, or intensity—improved detection distance by as much as a factor of 7.8 when compared with a darkly clad pedestrian.
Download or read book An analysis of factors contributing to walking along roadway crashes research study and guidelines for sidewalks and walkways written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Traffic Engineering Handbook written by ITE (Institute of Transportation Engineers) and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-01-26 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get a complete look into modern traffic engineering solutions Traffic Engineering Handbook, Seventh Edition is a newly revised text that builds upon the reputation as the go-to source of essential traffic engineering solutions that this book has maintained for the past 70 years. The updated content reflects changes in key industry standards, and shines a spotlight on the needs of all users, the design of context-sensitive roadways, and the development of more sustainable transportation solutions. Additionally, this resource features a new organizational structure that promotes a more functionally-driven, multimodal approach to planning, designing, and implementing transportation solutions. A branch of civil engineering, traffic engineering concerns the safe and efficient movement of people and goods along roadways. Traffic flow, road geometry, sidewalks, crosswalks, cycle facilities, shared lane markings, traffic signs, traffic lights, and more—all of these elements must be considered when designing public and private sector transportation solutions. Explore the fundamental concepts of traffic engineering as they relate to operation, design, and management Access updated content that reflects changes in key industry-leading resources, such as the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), AASSHTO Policy on Geometric Design, Highway Safety Manual (HSM), and Americans with Disabilities Act Understand the current state of the traffic engineering field Leverage revised information that homes in on the key topics most relevant to traffic engineering in today's world, such as context-sensitive roadways and sustainable transportation solutions Traffic Engineering Handbook, Seventh Edition is an essential text for public and private sector transportation practitioners, transportation decision makers, public officials, and even upper-level undergraduate and graduate students who are studying transportation engineering.
Download or read book Improving Pedestrian Safety at Unsignalized Crossings written by Kay Fitzpatrick and published by Transportation Research Board National Research. This book was released on 2006 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) and National Cooperative Highway Research Program have jointly produced and published Improving Pedestrian Safety at Unsignalized Crossings. The product, which can be referred to as TCRP Report 112 or NCHRP Report 562, examines selected engineering treatments to improve safety for pedestrians crossing high-volume and high-speed roadways at unsignalized locations. The report presents the edited final report and Appendix A. TCRP Web-Only Document 30/NCHRP Web-Only Document 91 (Pedestrian Safety at Unsignalized Crossings: Appendices B to O) contains the remaining appendixes of the contractor's final report.
Download or read book A Novel Approach to Investigate Pedestrian Safety in Non signalized Crosswalk Environments and Related Treatments Using Trajectory Data written by Ting Fu and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The high frequency of pedestrian crash injuries and the great possibility of fatal consequences have made pedestrian safety a great focus in road safety research. Pedestrian safety becomes even more of a problem at non-signalized locations when compared to signalized crosswalk locations, due to the absence of traffic lights controlling the traffic. This dissertation aims to improve data collection methods for pedestrian safety analysis and to develop a methodological framework to investigate pedestrian safety at non-signalized crosswalk locations.The work started with reviewing methodologies and data collection methods in previous studies. Methods used in past studies were classified into five different approaches: the crash data approach and four surrogate safety approaches (the traffic data approach, the conflict event approach, the behavioral analysis approach, and the perception analysis approach). Issues in the methodologies applied, and data used were summarized. To overcome the limitations that regular visible spectrum cameras have encountered during the data collection process, the thermal camera was introduced and its performance in road user detection, classification, and speed measurement was validated through its comparison to the use of the regular camera. Results showed an evidently better performance from thermal camera for low visibility and shadow conditions. For speed measurements, the thermal camera was consistently more accurate than the regular camera at daytime and nighttime. A study was conducted to investigate pedestrian safety at crosswalks at nighttime using existing measures. Although, the methodology performed well, further limitations of using safety measure methods were discovered upon the completion of the study. A novel framework which looks at the interaction between the pedestrian and the vehicle, and their behavior during the interactions, was proposed and illustrated through a case study. The framework was further tested through a study to compare the performance of three main non-signalized crosswalk types (uncontrolled, marked, and stop sign controlled crosswalks) on pedestrian safety in Montreal. Stop sign controlled crosswalks had the best performance in protecting pedestrians while uncontrolled crosswalks performed the worst. To explore the extensive applications of the framework, the investigation of cyclist-pedestrian interactions was introduced as it has been a major but underestimated safety problem. Marked crosswalks alone fail to protect pedestrians from passing cyclists. Besides, pedestrian safety at crossings on cycling facilities with downhill grades was found to be a great issue. The dissertation will: provide a comprehensive literature review that acts as a practical reference to investigating pedestrian safety at non-signalized crosswalk locations; introduce a promising alternative, the thermal camera, to overcome the limitations of using the visible camera for automated traffic data collection; propose a new framework that describes pedestrian-vehicle interactions more precisely, compared to previous studies. This framework is promising for different purposes in road safety on various topics, such as the analysis of interactions between different types of road users, road user interaction simulation, safety treatments validations, and the performance evaluations of autonomous vehicles. " --
Download or read book Transportation Research Record written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
