Download or read book Freedom of Conscience for Small Pharmacies written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Small Business and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Conscience in Context written by Robert K. Vischer and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our society has long esteemed the sanctity of conscience, and our legal system has reflected that esteem, effectively shielding the individual from state encroachment, especially in matters of religion. A rapidly expanding range of disputes, however, is not readily settled under the individual-versus-state paradigm; rather, the new battle lines are forming between consumer and provider, with both driven to live out the dictates of conscience in the marketplace. The legal community has been slow to adjust to this trend, presuming reflexively that resolutions are best reached by harnessing state power to defend some conception of individual conscience, as exemplified by pharmacists' well-publicized entry onto the center stage of our nation's ongoing culture war drama. One side invokes conscience to justify legislation that would empower pharmacists to refuse to fill prescriptions on moral grounds without the possibility of negative consequences; the other side invokes conscience on behalf of the consumer to justify legislation that would require all pharmacies to fill all valid prescriptions. Congress and the dozens of state legislatures to take up the issue have embraced the winner-take-all terms in which the combatants have framed the contest. This article asks us to step back from these two-dimensional terms of engagement and to contextualize the public relevance of conscience by outlining the contours of a marketplace where moral claims can operate and compete without invoking the trump of state power. Instead of making all pharmacies morally fungible via state edict, the market allows individual consciences to thrive through overlapping webs of morality-driven associations and allegiances, even while diametrically opposed consciences similarly thrive. The zero-sum contest over the reins of state power is replaced by a reinvigorated civil society, allowing the commercial sphere to reflect our moral pluralism.

Download or read book Pharmacist Conscience Legislation written by Jessica Penn Lendon and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Drawing the Line written by Claire Smearman and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nationwide, state legislatures are embroiled in the controversy over quot;conscience clausequot; legislation that permits pharmacists to refuse to fill prescriptions for contraception, including emergency contraception, on the basis of religious or moral belief. Refusal clauses for pharmacists create a clash of constitutional rights, pitting the religious freedom claims of pharmacists against the reproductive rights claims of their women customers. This Article traces the history and development of refusal clauses and describes the context in which the debate takes place, including the roles the abortion controversy plays as well as the FDA's approval of over-the-counter sale of emergency contraception to adult women. Using the framework of feminist legal methodology, the Article examines the harms alleged both by the women denied access to contraception and the pharmacists who refuse to dispense it. The Article also analyzes Supreme Court cases interpreting the First and Fourteenth Amendments as they apply to refusal clauses. It concludes by recommending legislation that would require all pharmacies, not pharmacists, to dispense legal contraception, thereby protecting the reproductive rights of women while allowing for the limited accommodation of individual pharmacists in conformity with current constitutional jurisprudence.

Download or read book Case Studies in Pharmacy Ethics written by Robert Veatch and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-04-10 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pharmacists face ethical choices constantly -- sometimes dramatic life-and-death decisions, but more often subtle, less conspicuous choices that are nonetheless important. Among the topics confronted are assisted suicide, conscientious refusal, pain management, equitable distribution of drug resources within institutions and managed care plans, confidentiality, and alternative and non-traditional therapies. Veatch and Haddad's book, first published in 1999, was the first collection of case studies based on the real experiences of practicing pharmacists, for use as a teaching tool for pharmacy students. The second edition accounts for the many changes in pharmacy since 1999, including assisted suicide in Oregon, the purchasing of less expensive drugs from Canada, and the influence of managed care on prescriptions. The presentation of some cases is shortened, most are revised and updated, and two new chapters have been added. The first new chapter presents a new model for analyzing cases, while the second focuses on the ethics of new drug distribution systems, for example hospitals where pharmacists are forced to choose drugs based on cost-effectiveness, and internet based pharmacies.

Download or read book Kremers and Urdang s History of Pharmacy written by Edward Kremers and published by Amer. Inst. History of Pharmacy. This book was released on 1986 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Conscientious Objection in Health Care written by Mark R. Wicclair and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-05-26 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically associated with military service, conscientious objection has become a significant phenomenon in health care. Mark Wicclair offers a comprehensive ethical analysis of conscientious objection in three representative health care professions: medicine, nursing and pharmacy. He critically examines two extreme positions: the 'incompatibility thesis', that it is contrary to the professional obligations of practitioners to refuse provision of any service within the scope of their professional competence; and 'conscience absolutism', that they should be exempted from performing any action contrary to their conscience. He argues for a compromise approach that accommodates conscience-based refusals within the limits of specified ethical constraints. He also explores conscientious objection by students in each of the three professions, discusses conscience protection legislation and conscience-based refusals by pharmacies and hospitals, and analyzes several cases. His book is a valuable resource for scholars, professionals, trainees, students, and anyone interested in this increasingly important aspect of health care.

Download or read book Section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act written by American Dental Association and published by American Dental Association. This book was released on 2017-05-24 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Section 1557 is the nondiscrimination provision of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). This brief guide explains Section 1557 in more detail and what your practice needs to do to meet the requirements of this federal law. Includes sample notices of nondiscrimination, as well as taglines translated for the top 15 languages by state.

Download or read book Pharmacists of Conscience written by Elizabeth Chiarello and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent political conflicts in healthcare have drawn attention to the moral grounds of professional decision-making, especially whether healthcare providers should use personal moral beliefs or "conscience" to make decisions about patient care. What is less clear is how healthcare providers make such decisions. At a theoretical level, these issues speak to sociological concerns about institutional influences on discretion, especially how frontline workers respond to legal attempts to curb discretion. This study focuses on the multi-institutional environments that pharmacists - increasingly important actors in the provision of healthcare - navigate when exercising discretion in their daily practice and how institutional messages interact with individual beliefs to influence patient care. By drawing together sociological literature on discretion, multi-institutional environments, and stigma from research on law, professions, organizations, and medicine, this study helps explain how pharmacists interpret, construct, enact, and ignore sets of institutional messages in daily practice. The study investigates three main questions: 1) How do institutional environments inform pharmacists' ethical decision-making? 2) What roles do individual morality and institutional norms play in ethical decision making? and 3) How do pharmacists' perceptions of clients affect their willingness to provide ethically controversial healthcare? I address these questions with original qualitative data consisting of face-to-face interviews with 102 pharmacists across four states selected to represent different state-level policies regarding pharmacists' professional decision making: Mississippi where a "conscience clause" permits pharmacists to refuse to dispense medications they morally oppose, New Jersey where pharmacies are required to dispense all legal medications regardless of the pharmacist's moral beliefs, California where providers who refuse are required to refer the patient elsewhere, and Kansas where there is no law about moral decision-making. Within each state, I constructed a purposive sample of pharmacists working in different organizational and regional contexts. I then conducted in-depth interviews and fielded a standardized survey to all pharmacists in the sample, analyzing my data using a modified grounded-theory approach together with descriptive statistics. My central findings highlight how pharmacists act as agents of social control by constructing four gatekeeping roles - medical, legal, fiscal, and moral - and enacting them differently across organizational settings; how pharmacists rely on patients' behavior and characteristics, as well as broader cultural messages, to indicate patients' moral worth as they construct them as "deserving" or "undeserving" of care; and how professional "contingency" (i.e. a state in which one profession's scope of practice depends significantly on that of another profession) shapes pharmacists' decision-making as they draw from a "discretionary toolkit" that includes mobilizing legal, medical, and managerial third parties in decision-making. These findings bring into focus the highly nuanced strategies that pharmacists use to navigate specific dimensions of institutional environments and the challenges and opportunities they face in interacting with clients. By understanding the dynamics of decision-making in professional work, we can ultimately understand how self-regulating professional fields operate and how they reproduce and interrupt social inequality.

Download or read book The Conscience Wars written by Michel Rosenfeld and published by . This book was released on 2018-07-05 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the multifaceted debate on the interconnection between conscientious objections, religious liberty, and the equality of women and sexual minorities.

Download or read book What It Means to Be Human written by O. Carter Snead and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: American law assumes that individuals are autonomous, defined by their capacity to choose, and not obligated to each other. But our bodies make us vulnerable and dependent, and the law leaves the weakest on their own. O. Carter Snead argues for a paradigm that recognizes embodiment, enabling law and policy to provide for the care that people need.

Download or read book Conflicts of Conscience in Health Care written by Holly Fernandez Lynch and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2010-08-13 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A balanced proposal that protects both a patient's access to care and a physician's ability to refuse to provide certain services for reasons of conscience. Physicians in the United States who refuse to perform a variety of legally permissible medical services because of their own moral objections are often protected by “conscience clauses.” These laws, on the books in nearly every state since the legalization of abortion by Roe v. Wade, shield physicians and other health professionals from such potential consequences of refusal as liability and dismissal. While some praise conscience clauses as protecting important freedoms, opponents, concerned with patient access to care, argue that professional refusals should be tolerated only when they are based on valid medical grounds. In Conflicts of Conscience in Health Care, Holly Fernandez Lynch finds a way around the polarizing rhetoric associated with this issue by proposing a compromise that protects both a patient's access to care and a physician's ability to refuse. This focus on compromise is crucial, as new uses of medical technology expand the controversy beyond abortion and contraception to reach an increasing number of doctors and patients. Lynch argues that doctor-patient matching on the basis of personal moral values would eliminate, or at least minimize, many conflicts of conscience, and suggests that state licensing boards facilitate this goal. Licensing boards would be responsible for balancing the interests of doctors and patients by ensuring a sufficient number of willing physicians such that no physician's refusal leaves a patient entirely without access to desired medical services. This proposed solution, Lynch argues, accommodates patients' freedoms while leaving important room in the profession for individuals who find some of the capabilities of medical technology to be ethically objectionable.

Download or read book The Law and Ethics of the Pharmaceutical Industry written by M.N.G. Dukes and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-11-04 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As one of the most massive and successful business sectors, the pharmaceutical industry is a potent force for good in the community, yet its behaviour is frequently questioned: could it serve society at large better than it has done in the recent past? Its own internal ethics, both in business and science, may need a careful reappraisal, as may the extent to which the law - administrative, civil and criminal - succeeds in guiding (and where neccessary contraining) it. The rules of behavior that may be considered to apply to today's pharmaceutical industry have emerged over a very long period and the process goes on. Even the immensely detailed standards for quality, safety and efficacy laid down in drug law and regulation during the second half of the twentieth century have their limitations as tools for ensuring that the public interest is well served. In particular, national and regional regulatory agencies are heavily dependent on industrial data for their decision-making, their standards and competence vary, and even the existing network of agencies does not cover the entire world. What is more there are many areas of law and regulation affecting the industry, concerning for example the pricing of medicines, the conduct of clinical studies, the health protection of workers and concern for the environment. In some fields it is indeed hardly possible to maintain standards through regulation.Professor N.M. Graham Dukes, a physician and lawyer with long term experience in industrial research management, academic study and international drug policy, provides here a powerfully documented analysis into the way this industry thinks, acts, and is viewed, and examines the current trends pointing to change. *Provides a balanced picture of the current role of the pharmaceutical industry in society*Includes indices of conventions, laws, and regulations; as well as judicial and disciplinary cases*This is the only book addressing the legal implications of big pharma activities and ethical standards

Download or read book On Law Morality and Politics Second Edition written by Thomas Aquinas and published by Hackett Publishing. This book was released on 2003-03-07 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition retains the selection of texts presented in the first edition but offers them in new translations by Richard J Regan -- including that of his Aquinas, Treatise on Law (Hackett, 2000). A revised Introduction and glossary, an updated select bibliography, and the inclusion of summarising headnotes for each of the units -- Conscience, Law, Justice, Property, War and Killing, Obedience and Rebellion, and Practical Wisdom and Statecraft -- further enhance its usefulness.

Download or read book Pharmacy Practice and the Law written by Kimberly A. Burns and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2019-02-15 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Ninth Edition of the best-selling text, Pharmacy Practice and the Law goes beyond preparation for the board exam, helping students understand and critically analyze the law that governs both the profession and the products they distribute. The Ninth Edition continues to include the most up to date federal, legal, regulatory, policy developments, as well as new developments to various medical/pharmaceutical programs. Challenging, open-ended discussion questions and edited cases are included in every chapter to facilitate discussion and critical thinking. Critical issues are discussed in non-legal, easy-to-understand language. Pharmacy Practice and the Law, Ninth Edition is the most comprehensive and engaging resource for teaching the facts of federal pharmacy law and for encouraging critical thinking and analysis on the issues.

Download or read book Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide written by David Albert Jones and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-21 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, a global panel of experts considers the international implications of legalised euthanasia based on experiences from Belgium.

Download or read book Doctors of Conscience written by Carole E. Joffe and published by Beacon Press. This book was released on 1996-08-31 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The real story of the medical campaign against abortionthrough the eyes of pro-choice physicians. The real story of the medical campaign against abortionthrough the eyes of pro-choice physicians. Read more from Beacon Press author Carole Joffe on RHrealitycheck.org "Well-researched and clearly written. . . Provides a compelling narrative of the dedication of doctors who have braved society's continuing ambivalence toward women's right to choose." —K. Kaufmann, San Francisco Examiner-Chronicle A fabulous read. . . intense and absorbing. —Marge Berer, Women's Review of Books