Download or read book Personality Factors in Flight Operations Volume 1 Leader Characteristics and Crew Performance in a Full mission Air Transport Simulation written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Personality Factors in Flight Operations Volume 1 Leader Characteristics and Crew Performance in a Full Mission Air Transport Simulation written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-10-25 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crew effectiveness is a joint product of the piloting skills, attitudes, and personality characteristics of team members. As obvious as this point might seem, both traditional approaches to optimizing crew performance and more recent training development highlighting crew coordination have emphasized only the skill and attitudinal dimensions. This volume is the first in a series of papers on this simulation. A subsequent volume will focus on patterns of communication within crews. The results of a full-mission simulation research study assessing the impact of individual personality on crew performance is reported. Using a selection algorithm described in previous research, captains were classified as fitting one of three profiles along a battery of personality assessment scales. The performances of 23 crews led by captains fitting each profile were contrasted over a one-and-one-half-day simulated trip. Crews led by captains fitting a positive Instrumental-Expressive profile (high achievement motivation and interpersonal skill) were consistently effective and made fewer errors. Crews led by captains fitting a Negative Expressive profile (below average achievement motivation, negative expressive style, such as complaining) were consistently less effective and made more errors. Crews led by captains fitting a Negative Instrumental profile (high levels of competitiveness, verbal aggressiveness, and impatience and irritability) were less effective on the first day but equal to the best on the second day. These results underscore the importance of stable personality variables as predictors of team coordination and performance. Chidester, Thomas R. and Kanki, Barbara G. and Foushee, H. Clayton and Dickinson, Cortlandt L. and Bowles, Stephen V. Ames Research Center RTOP 199-06-12...
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pilot Selection written by Robert Bor and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-10-16 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive book describes in practical terms - underpinned by research - how recruitment, selection, and psychological assessment can be conducted amongst pilots. The chapters emphasize evidence-based and ethical selection methods for different pilot groups. It includes chapters written by experts in the field and also covers related areas, such as air traffic controllers and astronauts. The book is written for airline managers, senior pilots responsible for recruitment and training, human resources specialists, human factors and safety specialists, occupational health doctors, psychologists, AMEs, practitioners, or academics involved in pilot selection. Robert Bor, DPhil CPsychol CSci FBPsS HonFRAeS UKCP Reg EuroPsy, is a Registered and Chartered Clinical Counselling and Health Psychologist, Registered Aviation Psychologist and Co-Director of the Centre for Aviation Psychology. Carina Eriksen, MSc DipPsych CPsychol FBPsS BABCP, is an HCPC Registered and BPS Chartered Consultant Counselling Psychologist and Registered Aviation Psychologist. Todd P. Hubbard, B.A., M.S. Aeronautical Sciences, Ed.D. Applied Educational Studies in Aviation, Lt. Col. USAF (ret.), is the Clarence E. Page Professor of Human Factors research, University of Oklahoma. Ray King, Psy,D., J.D. is a licensed clinical psychologist, recently retired from the U.S. Air Force, currently with the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).
Download or read book Decision Making in Aviation written by Don Harris and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decision making pervades every aspect of life: people make hundreds of decisions every day. The vast majority of these are trivial and without a right or wrong answer. In some respects there is also nothing extraordinary about pilot decision making. It is only the setting that is different - the underlying cognitive processes are just the same. However, it is the context and the consequences of a poor decision which serve to differentiate aeronautical decision making. Decisions on the flight deck are often made with incomplete information and while under time pressure. The implications for inadequate performance is much more serious than in many other professions. Poor decisions are implicated in over half of all aviation accidents. This volume contains key papers published over the last 25 years providing an overview of the major paradigms by which aeronautical decision making has been investigated. Furthermore, decision making does not occur in isolation. It is a joint function of the flight tasks; knowledge; equipment on the flight deck and other stressors. In this volume of collected papers, works from leading authors in the field consider all these aspects of aeronautical decision making.
Download or read book Pilot Mental Health Assessment and Support written by Robert Bor and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-12-08 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presentation of mental illness at work has different implications and consequences depending on the specific nature of the job, work context, regulatory framework and risks for the employee, organisation and society. Naturally there are certain occupational groups where human factors and/or mental illness could impair safety and mental acuity, and with potentially devastating consequences. For pilots, the medical criteria for crew licensing are stipulated by regulatory aviation authorities worldwide, and these include specific mental illness exclusions. The challenge of assessment for mental health problems is, however, complex and the responsibility for psychological screening and testing falls to a range of different specialists and groups including AMEs (authorised aviation medical examiners), GPs and physicians, airline human resources departments, psychologists, human factor specialists and pilots themselves. Extending and developing the ideas of Aviation Mental Health (2006), which described a range of psychological issues and problems that may affect pilots and the consequences of these, this book presents an authoritative, comprehensive and practical guide to modern, evidence-based practice in the field of mental health assessment, treatment and care. It features contributions from experts in the field drawn from several countries, professions and representing a range of aviation-related organisations, displaying a range of different skills and methods that can be used for the clinical assessment of pilots and in relation to specific mental-health problems and syndromes.
Download or read book Crew Resource Management written by Barbara G. Kanki and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-01-20 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crew Resource Management, Second Edition continues to focus on CRM in the cockpit, but also emphasizes that the concepts and training applications provide generic guidance and lessons learned for a wide variety of "crews" in the aviation system as well as in the complex and high-risk operations of many non-aviation settings. Long considered the "bible" in this field, much of the basic style and structure of the previous edition of Crew Resource Management is retained in the new edition. Textbooks are often heavily supplemented with or replaced entirely by course packs in advanced courses in the aviation field, as it is essential to provide students with cutting edge information from academic researchers, government agencies (FAA), pilot associations, and technology (Boeing, ALION). This edited textbook offers ideal coverage with first-hand information from each of these perspectives. Case examples, which are particularly important given the dangers inherent in real world aviation scenarios, are liberally supplied. An image collection and test bank make this the only text on the market with ancillary support. - The only CRM text on the market offering an up-to-date synthesis of primary source material - New edition thoroughly updated and revised to include major new findings, complete with discussion of the international and cultural aspects of CRM, the design and implementation of LOFT - Instructor website with testbank and image collection - Liberal use of case examples
Download or read book Cockpit Resource Management written by Earl L. Wiener and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 1995-11-17 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) has gained increased attention from the airline industry in recent years due to the growing number of accidents and near misses in airline traffic. This book, authored by the first generation of CRM experts, is the first comprehensive work on CRM. Cockpit Resource Management is a far-reaching discussion of crew coordination, communication, and resources from both within and without the cockpit. A valuable resource for commercialand military airline training curriculum, the book is also a valuable reference for business professionals who are interested in effective communication among interactive personnel. Key Features * Discusses international and cultural aspects of CRM * Examines the design and implementation of Line-Oriented Flight Training (LOFT) * Explains CRM, LOFT, and cockpit automation * Provides a case history of CRM training which improved flight safety for a major airline
Download or read book Aviation Automation written by Charles E. Billings and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-29 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent of very compact, very powerful digital computers has made it possible to automate a great many processes that formerly required large, complex machinery. Digital computers have made possible revolutionary changes in industry, commerce, and transportation. This book, an expansion and revision of the author's earlier technical papers on this subject, describes the development of automation in aircraft and in the aviation system, its likely evolution in the future, and the effects that these technologies have had -- and will have -- on the human operators and managers of the system. It suggests concepts that may be able to enhance human-machine relationships in future systems. The author focuses on the ability of human operators to work cooperatively with the constellation of machines they command and control, because it is the interactions among these system elements that result in the system's success or failure, whether in aviation or elsewhere. Aviation automation has provided great social and technological benefits, but these benefits have not come without cost. In recent years, new problems in aircraft have emerged due to failures in the human-machine relationship. These incidents and accidents have motivated this inquiry into aviation automation. Similar problems in the air traffic management system are predicted as it becomes more fully automated. In particular, incidents and accidents have occurred which suggest that the principle problems with today's aviation automation are associated with its complexity, coupling, autonomy, and opacity. These problems are not unique to aviation; they exist in other highly dynamic domains as well. The author suggests that a different approach to automation -- called "human-centered automation" -- offers potential benefits for system performance by enabling a more cooperative human-machine relationship in the control and management of aircraft and air traffic.
Download or read book Practical Human Factors for Pilots written by Capt. David Moriarty and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-12-30 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Practical Human Factors for Pilots bridges the divide between human factors research and one of the key industries that this research is meant to benefit—civil aviation. Human factors are now recognized as being at the core of aviation safety and the training syllabus that flight crew trainees have to follow reflects that. This book will help student pilots pass exams in human performance and limitations, successfully undergo multi-crew cooperation training and crew resource management (CRM) training, and prepare them for assessment in non-technical skills during operator and license proficiency checks in the simulator, and during line checks when operating flights. Each chapter begins with an explanation of the relevant science behind that particular subject, along with mini-case studies that demonstrate its relevance to commercial flight operations. Of particular focus are practical tools and techniques that students can learn in order to improve their performance as well as "training tips" for the instructor. - Provides practical, evidence-based guidance on issues often at the root of aircraft accidents - Uses international regulatory material - Includes concepts and theories that have practical relevance to flight operations - Covers relevant topics in a step-by-step manner, describing how they apply to flight operations - Demonstrates how human decision-making has been implicated in air accidents and equips the reader with tools to mitigate these risks - Gives instructors a reliable knowledge base on which to design and deliver effective training - Summarizes the current state of human factors, training, and assessment
Download or read book Communication in High Risk Environments written by Rainer Dietrich and published by Helmut Buske Verlag. This book was released on 2003-09-01 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eine Zigarre rauchen, Zeitung lesen und sich am Kopf kratzen, das kann man gleichzeitig - und zwar mühelos, konstatiert John Searle. Ein Auto im Dunkeln in eine enge Parklücke rangieren und zugleich dem Beifahrer erklären, wo die Opernkarten sind, ist heikel und mehr als heikel, wenn die Ouvertüre schon begonnen hat. Dass die Sprachverwendung, produktiv und perzeptiv, eine anspruchsvolle kognitive Aktivität ist, zeigt sich, wenn das kognitive System gleichzeitig andere anspruchsvolle Leistungen durchführt. Dann vermindert sich die Leistung, die eine oder die andere oder beide. Die Frage nach der sprachliche Performanz unter so genannten Doppelaufgabenbedingungen ist für die Sprachforschung so spannend wie ungewohnt. Antworten darauf sind nicht nur von akademischem Interesse. Im Cockpit eines Linienjets, am Operationstisch und in der Leitwarte eines Kernkraftwerks verursacht eingeschränkte Kommunikationsleistung unmittelbare Gefahr. In diesem Heft berichten u.a. Linguisten und Psycholinguisten (Krifka, Dietrich), Human-Factors-Experten (Helmreich, Sexton), Arbeitspsychologen (Grote, Sträter) über Prinzipien der Sprachverwendung unter Aufgabendruck und Zeitdruck. Abstracts: Using Language in the Cockpit: Relationships with Workload and Performance J. Bryan Sexton & Robert L. Helmreich Few events attract as much international attention as an accident involving a commercial jumbo jet airplane. The public, the airlines, the airplane manufacturers, and particularly the friends and family of passengers demand answers. The work presented here illustrates the importance of flight deck communication in flight safety through a simulator study of how and what pilots communicate. This investigation utilized a computer-based linguistic method of text analysis as well as a micro-coding of communication content. Analyses of simulator transcripts demonstrated that several language dimensions were associated with higher performance, fewer errors, and better communication. The ways in which pilots used language varied as a function of crew position and level of workload. Additionally, language use in the first flight of a crew pairing was associated with performance in subsequent flights. Group Interaction in the Cockpit: Some Linguistic Factors Manfred Krifka, Silka Martens, and Florian Schwarz For a number of years it has been recognized that the social dynamics of group interaction is an import factor in the origin of accidents and in the way how accidents or accident-prone situations are handled in aviation (cf. Helmreich 1997a, 1997b). Factors related to interpersonal communication have been implicated in up to 80% of all aviation accidents over the past 20 years. As a reaction to this, Crew Resource Management (CRM) has been developed with the goal of rating and improving crew performance in aviation and in other fields in which professional groups interact in situations of high taskload and potential risk (cf. Helmreich ea. 1999). As far as this can be estimated at all, installing CRM techniques in the major American and European airlines has resulted in a definite improvement in the safety of commercial aviation. In spite of this success of CRM, practitioners in the field feel that, beyond the general social dynamics of group interaction, there might be potential problems relating to language and communication in such settings. In this article, we first summarize some aspects of previous research in this area. Then we report findings from a project that one of us, Manfred Krifka, has carried out, using transcripts of flight simulator sessions with pilots of a commercial American airline. We will discuss some of the problems of this project. Finally, we describe an ongoing continuation of that project that uses flight simulator sessions with pilots of a commercial German airline.
Download or read book Research Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Crew Resource Management written by Eduardo Salas and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-05-15 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crew Resource Management (CRM) training was first introduced in the late 1970s as a means to combating an increased number of accidents in which poor teamwork in the cockpit was a significant contributing factor. Since then, CRM training has expanded beyond the cockpit, for example, to cabin crews, maintenance crews, health care teams, nuclear power teams, and offshore oil teams. Not only has CRM expanded across communities, it has also drawn from a host of theories from multiple disciplines and evolved through a number of generations. Furthermore, a host of methodologies and tools have been developed that have allowed the community to better study and measure its effect on team performance and ultimately safety. Lacking, however, is a forum in which researchers and practitioners alike can turn to in order to understand where CRM has come from and where it is going. This volume, part of the 'Critical Essays on Human Factors in Aviation' series, proposes to do just that by providing a selection of readings which depicts the past, present, and future of CRM research and training.
Download or read book Group Interaction in High Risk Environments written by Rainer Dietrich and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What governs the way in which people work together and handle technology in high risk environments? The understanding of decision making, communication and the other dimensions of team interaction within aircrews and other teams in highly stressful situations, is based on a multitude of diverse factors, each with its own literature and individual studies. This book is about how teams function in just such situations, providing a uniquely integrated and interdisciplinary account of the dynamics and main explanatory factors of team interaction under high workload. The book stems from the interdisciplinary research project 'Group Interaction in High Risk Environments' (GIHRE), a Collegium of the Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz Foundation. The goals of the project, and therefore the book, are to investigate, analyze and understand the behavior of professional groups working in high risk environments and to develop practical suggestions for enhancing performance. A central focus of this book is how groups in these professions deal with the factors that can threaten the safety and effectiveness of their task performance, whether these factors are part of the environment or part of the team itself. Four representative workplaces were investigated in three broad settings: in aviation, the cockpit of a commercial airliner; in medicine, the operating room and the intensive care unit of a hospital; in nuclear power, the control room of a nuclear power plant. The international and interdisciplinary composition of the Collegium ensures the book features a variety of different methodological and conceptual approaches, which are brought to bear at both theoretical and practical levels. Readers working in all related fields will find value in the case descriptions, the academic synthesis of the similarities between them, and ways to approach new challenges; specialists in applied psychology, human factors and technical management will gain new insights.
Download or read book Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics written by Don Harris and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-10 with total page 751 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, EPCE 2018, held as part of the 20th International Conference, HCI International 2018, which took place in Las Vegas, Nevada, in July 2018. The total of 1171 papers and 160 posters included in the 30 HCII 2018 proceedings volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 4346 submissions. EPCE 2018 includes a total of 57 papers; they were organized in topical sections named: mental workload and human error; situation awareness, training and team working; psychophysiological measures and assessment; interaction, cognition and emotion; and cognition in aviation and space.
Download or read book Culture at Work in Aviation and Medicine written by Robert L. Helmreich and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-01-15 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published in 1998, culture forms a complex framework of national, organizational, and professional attitudes and values within which groups and individuals function. The reality and strength of culture become salient when we work within a new group and interact with people who have well established norms and values. In this book the authors report the results of their ongoing exploration of the influences of culture in two professions, aviation and medicine. Their focus is on commercial airline pilots and operating room teams. Within these two environments they show the effect of professional, national and organizational cultures of individual attitudes and values and team interaction.
Download or read book Aviation Psychology Practice and Research written by Klaus-Martin Goeters and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the well-established aviation system, the importance of sound human factors practice, based on good aviation psychology research, is obvious from those incidents and accidents resulting from its neglect. This carefully structured book presents an up-to-date review of the main areas in the field of Aviation Psychology. It contains current thinking mainly from Europe, but with input from Australia and North America, from specialists involved in research, training and operational practice. Spanning six parts, the book covers: Human Engineering, Occupational Demands, Selection of Aviation Personnel, Human Factors Training, Clinical Psychology, Accident Investigation and Prevention. Looking at the six parts - in human engineering, the reader learns about human-centered automation as well as human factors issues in aircraft certification. Results derived by job analysis methods are presented in the next part and serve as basic information in the design of selection and training programs. In selection, computerized testing or behaviour-oriented assessments are challenging approaches for personnel recruitment. Cost-benefit analyses in selection reveal convincing results, enabling organizations to save huge amounts of inappropriate training investment by the application of proper selection tests. The NOTECHS method is described which helps to assess CRM capabilities in training and can also be used to measure training effects in systematic validation studies. Although operational personnel in aviation are usually able to cope with stress more efficiently than other occupational groups, individual problems might develop as reactions to traumatic influences. Either a psychological evaluation or a proper treatment or both is then required as described in the 'Clinical Psychology' part of the book. The readership includes: aviation psychologists and flight surgeons, training, selection and recruitment specialists, instructor pilots, CRM facilitators, personnel managers, accident investigators, safety pilots, air traffic controllers, aircraft engineers and those dealing with human-machine interfaces.
