Download or read book What levels of explanation in the behavioural sciences written by Giuseppe Boccignone and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-07-03 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complex systems are to be seen as typically having multiple levels of organization. For instance, in the behavioural and cognitive sciences, there has been a long lasting trend, promoted by the seminal work of David Marr, putting focus on three distinct levels of analysis: the computational level, accounting for the What and Why issues, the algorithmic and the implementational levels specifying the How problem. However, the tremendous developments in neuroscience knowledge about processes at different scales of organization together with the complexity of today cognitive theories suggest that there will hardly be only three levels of explanation. Instead, there will be many different degrees of commitments corresponding to the different granularities - from high-level (behavioural) models to low-level (neural and molecular) models of the cognitive research program. For instance, Bayesian approaches, that are usually advocated for formalizing Marr's computational level and rational behaviour, have even been adopted to model synaptic plasticity and axon guidance by molecular gradients. As a result, we can consider the behavioural scientist as dealing with models at a multiplicity of levels. The purpose of this Research Topic in Frontiers in Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology is to promote an approach to the role of the levels and explanation and models which is of interest for cognitive scientists, neuroscientists, psychologists, behavioural scientists, and philosophers of science.
Download or read book Explanation and Its Limits written by Dudley Knowles and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of new essays explores the nature of explanation and causality. It provides a stimulating and wide ranging debate on one of the central issues that has concerned philosophers and scientists alike--the epistemological nature of their enquiries. The volume not only sheds light on some of the general questions involved, but also addresses specific problems involved in explanation in different fields--physics, biology, psychology and the social sciences. Explanation and its Limits is an up-to-date, sharply focused and comprehensive review for all philosophers, scientists and social scientists interested in methodology.
Download or read book Explanation Patterns written by Roger C. Schank and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1986 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1986. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Download or read book Explanation Patterns written by R. P. Schank and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-08-21 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1986. In the age of the computer, conjecture about things mechanical has naturally led to the question of whether machines can think. As the emphasis on Artificial Intelligence (AI) has grown rapidly, questions about machine intelligence have begun to have a certain urgency. The question we are concerned with in this book is: If we can find a set of processes that machines can slavishly follow, and if by so doing, these machines can come up with creative thoughts, what would that tell us about human beings? If the machine's procedure was adapted from a human procedure, that is, if all the machine was doing was what we know people are doing, would we abandon our inherent skepticism about the abilities of machines, or would we demystify our inherent admiration for things human? In a sense, these are the issues dealt with in this book. The author says in a sense because this book is no way a philosophical treatise. Rather it is an exercise in Artificial Intelligence and in Cognitive Science, it is an attempt to come to understand one of the most complex problems of mind by examining some of the mechanisms of mind: to define the apparatus that underlies our ability to think.
Download or read book Parliamentary Debates written by Australia. Parliament and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page 1732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Experience Explanation and Faith written by Anthony O'Hear and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book Anthony O’Hear examines the reasons that are given for religious faith. His approach is firmly within the classical tradition of natural theology, but an underlying theme is the differences between the personal Creator of the Bible or the Koran and a God conceived of as the indeterminate ground of everything determinate. Drawing on several religious traditions and on the resources of contemporary philosophy, specific chapters analyse the nature of religious faith and of religious experience. They examine connections between religion and morality, and religion and human knowledge – the cosmological, teleological and ontological arguments, process thought, and the problem that evil presents for religion. The final chapter returns to the inherently dogmatic nature of religious faith and concludes that rational people should look beyond religion for the fulfilment of their spiritual needs.
Download or read book General Explanation of Tax Legislation Enacted in the 107th Congress January 24 2003 written by and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2003-01-25 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an explanation of tax legislation enacted in the 107th Congress. Arranged in chronological order by the date each piece of legislation was signed into law.
Download or read book Joint Committee Print General Explanation of Tax Legislation Enacted in The 107th Congress January 24 2003 written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Congressional Globe written by United States. Congress and published by . This book was released on 1872 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Inside Case Based Explanation written by Roger C. Schank and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-02-24 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the third volume in a series that provides a hands-on perspective on the evolving theories associated with Roger Schank and his students. The primary focus of this volume is on constructing explanations. All of the chapters relate to the problem of building computer programs that can develop hypotheses about what might have caused an observed event. Because most researchers in natural language processing don't really want to work on inference, memory, and learning issues, most of their sample text fragments are chosen carefully to de-emphasize the need for non text-related reasoning. The ability to come up with hypotheses about what is really going on in a story is a hallmark of human intelligence. The biggest difference between truly intelligent readers and less intelligent ones is the extent to which the reader can go beyond merely understanding the explicit statements being communicated. Achieving a creative level of understanding means developing hypotheses about questions for which there may be no conclusively correct answer at all. The focus of the lab, during the period documented in this book, was to work on getting a computer program to do that. The volume adopts a case-based approach to the construction of explanations which suggests that the main steps in the process of explaining a given anomaly are as follows: * Retrieve an explanation that might be relevant to the anomaly. * Evaluate whether the retrieved explanation makes sense when applied to the current anomaly. * Adapt the explanation to produce a new variant that fits better if the retrieved explanation doesn't fit the anomaly perfectly.
Download or read book Constitution Jefferson s Manual and Rules of the House of Representatives written by United States. Congress. House and published by . This book was released on 1900 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Congressional Record written by and published by . This book was released on 1881 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Explanation and Power written by Morse Peckham and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 1979 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explanation and Power was first published in 1988. Minnesota Archive Editions uses digital technology to make long-unavailable books once again accessible, and are published unaltered from the original University of Minnesota Press editions. The meaning of any utterance or any sign is the response to that utterance or sign: this is the fundamental proposition behind Morse Peckham's Explanation and Power. Published in 1979 and now available in paperback for the first time, Explanation and Power grew out of Peckham's efforts, as a scholar of Victorian literature, to understand the nature of Romanticism. His search ultimately led back to—and built upon—the tradition of signs developed by the American Pragmatists. Since, in Peckham's view, meaning is not inherent in word or sign, only in response, human behavior itself must depend upon interaction, which in turn relies upon the stability of verbal and nonverbal signs. In the end, meaning can be stabilized only by explanation, and when explanation fails, by force. Peckham's semiotic account of human behavior, radical in its time, contends with the same issues that animate today's debates in critical theory — how culture is produced, how meaning is arrived at, the relation of knowledge to power and of society to its institutions. Readers across a wide range of disciplines, in the humanities and social sciences, will welcome its reappearance.
Download or read book General Explanation of Tax Legislation Enacted in 1997 written by United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Taxation and published by Congress. This book was released on 1997 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Parliamentary Debates written by New South Wales. Parliament and published by . This book was released on 1891 with total page 1112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book House of Commons Debates Official Report written by Canada. Parliament. House of Commons and published by . This book was released on 1886 with total page 1082 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Canadian Parliamentary Proceedings and Sessional Papers 1841 1970 written by Canada. Parliament and published by . This book was released on 1882 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
