Download or read book Persistent Bioaccumulative and Toxic Chemicals II written by Robert Louis Lipnick and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is "aimed at examining persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic chemicals that undergo slow environmental degradation in air, water, and soil, bioaccumulate in fish and other organisms, and exhibit a high degree of toxicity. This volume examines the fate and behavior of these chemicals, and their food chain transfer and exposure. Chapters cover recent research results and reviews related to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), butyltin, toxaphene, dioxin, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane and mercury."--Publisher.
Download or read book Persistent Bioaccumulative and Toxic PBT Chemicals written by Adam D. K. Abelkop and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developed from the efforts of a multiyear, international project examining how persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) chemicals are evaluated and managed, Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic (PBT) Chemicals: Technical Aspects, Policies, and Practices focuses on improving the processes that govern PBTs. Incorporating science and policy literature—as well as interviews and panel discussions featuring experts from around the world—this book provides you with an international perspective of PBT policies (centering on Europe, Asia, and North America), and reveals major findings and recommendations for improving PBT science, laws, and policies. It includes case studies of specific chemicals, provides an introduction to the overall subject of toxic chemicals, and weighs in on science and policy expansion for PBTs. It also provides summary tables of important PBTs, and discussions on the number of PBTs in commerce, weight of evidence approaches, market deselection, and international management. The text: Assesses the history, current practice, and future of PBT management Considers the roles scientific data, modeling, and conventions play in identifying and regulating PBTs Explores the number of PBTs in commerce and the growing role of weight of evidence (WOE) in the making of PBT determinations Identifies issues that are likely to come up in WOE judgments Examines international, national, subnational, and regional PBT policies Includes a comprehensive and easy-to-understand analysis of PBT science and policy This book reviews the current science, policies, and practices surrounding the regulation of PBTs. It also provides relevant research, recommendations, and suggestions for improving the management and oversight of PBTs.
Download or read book Persistent Bioaccumulative and Toxic Chemicals Assessment and new chemicals written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is "aimed at examining persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic chemicals that undergo slow environmental degradation in air, water, and soil, bioaccumulate in fish and other organisms, and exhibit a high degree of toxicity. This volume examines the fate and behavior of these chemicals, and their food chain transfer and exposure. Chapters cover recent research results and reviews related to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), butyltin, toxaphene, dioxin, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane and mercury."--Publisher.
Download or read book The Toxic Substances Control Act and Persistent Bioaccumulative and Toxic Chemicals written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade, and Consumer Protection and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monitoring Human Tissues for Toxic Substances written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-02-01 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Human Monitoring Program (NHMP) identifies concentrations of specific chemicals in human tissues, including toxicologic testing and risk assessment determinations. This volume evaluates the current activities of the NHMP; identifies important scientific, technical, and programmatic issues; and makes recommendations regarding the design of the program and use of its products.
Download or read book Emerging Contaminants written by Kathleen Sellers and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-11-15 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Contaminants: Anticipating Developments examines the factors that have led "new" environmental contaminants to emerge in the past and combines the lessons learned to anticipate potential new developments. The analyses described in this book originate in multiple disciplines: the science of toxicology; environmental law and regulation; the field of product stewardship; and the social science which explains why ideas take hold. Over a dozen case studies of contaminants that emerged as environmental issues over the last hundred years illustrate crucial points. The results of the analyses in this book support a step-by-step method to assess the potential for a contaminant to emerge, and a framework to apply those conclusions to managing site liabilities. Features: Describes an unprecedented understanding of why contaminants emerge as issues, based on a multidisciplinary analysis Makes abstract concepts tangible, basing analyses on data and illustrating key points with case studies Enables readers to anticipate and prepare to manage future challenges associated with emerging chemicals Presents an analytical framework for companies to assess and manage business risks Written for regulators, policymakers, industry professionals with responsibility for contaminated site management, as well as attorneys, and consultants, this book provides a framework for anticipating the emergence of new contaminants so that the risks–whether to human health and the environment or to a business–can be anticipated and appropriately managed.
Download or read book Persistent Bioaccumulative and Toxic Chemicals I written by Robert Louis Lipnick and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is part of a two-book assessment of hydrolase structure/functionrelationships and the means by which these important enzymes can be betterutilized. Each book, Assessment and Emerging New Chemicals and Fate andExposure, will deal with understanding cellulase and hemicellulase action - astrategy based in macromolecular modeling, site-directed mutagenesis, activesite mapping, heterologous expression, and classical kinetic characterization.Information about new cellulase enzymes and systems and trends in the field ofglycosyl hydrolase biochemistry will be examined as well as new crystallographicstructure of important cellulases and methods for improving activity by proteinengineers.
Download or read book Toxicological Risk Assessment of Chemicals written by Elsa Nielsen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-02-21 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike many existing books on toxicology that cover either toxicity of a particular substance or toxicity of chemicals on particular organ systems, Toxicological Risk Assessment of Chemicals: A Practical Guide lays out the principle activities of conducting a toxicological risk assessment, including international approaches and methods for the risk
Download or read book Siloxanes in the Nordic Environment written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2005 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Siloxanes belong to a group of substances used in a number of industrial applications and in consumer products such as additives in fuel, car polish, cleaners, anti foamiers and car waxes. Besides this, they are widely used in e.g. personal care and biomedical products. As a result of their wide use, siloxanes are presumably spread into the environment both via point sources and via diffuse sources and may be found in the environment. Recent studies have suggested that siloxanes may have direct or indirect toxic effects on various biological processes. The aim of this screening study was to obtain a snapshot of the occurrence of siloxanes in the Nordic environment. The here presented screening study involved six countries: Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Sampled media types were air, biota, sediment, sludge, soil and water. Siloxanes were found in all the analysed samples types except soils. The results indicate that there is a general pollution of siloxanes in the Nordic environment, close to dense population and major sources. There was, however, a great variation in concentrations. The cyclic siloxanes occurred in all media in significantly higher concentrations than the linear siloxanes. At present, the observed concentrations are not alarmingly high, and many background sites seem to be non-contaminated. However, the use of siloxanes is extensive and it is possible that continued use will lead to increased environmental levels, eventually reaching effect concentrations.
Download or read book Persistent Bioaccumulative and Toxic Chemicals written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Marine Anthropogenic Litter written by Melanie Bergmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-01 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how man-made litter, primarily plastic, has spread into the remotest parts of the oceans and covers all aspects of this pollution problem from the impacts on wildlife and human health to socio-economic and political issues. Marine litter is a prime threat to marine wildlife, habitats and food webs worldwide. The book illustrates how advanced technologies from deep-sea research, microbiology and mathematic modelling as well as classic beach litter counts by volunteers contributed to the broad awareness of marine litter as a problem of global significance. The authors summarise more than five decades of marine litter research, which receives growing attention after the recent discovery of great oceanic garbage patches and the ubiquity of microscopic plastic particles in marine organisms and habitats. In 16 chapters, authors from all over the world have created a universal view on the diverse field of marine litter pollution, the biological impacts, dedicated research activities, and the various national and international legislative efforts to combat this environmental problem. They recommend future research directions necessary for a comprehensive understanding of this environmental issue and the development of efficient management strategies. This book addresses scientists, and it provides a solid knowledge base for policy makers, NGOs, and the broader public.
Download or read book Persistent Bioaccumulative and Toxic PBT Chemical Program written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Review of Available Criteria for Non aquatic Organisms Within PBT vPvB Frameworks written by Stefania Gottardo and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquatic and non-aquatic ecosystems differ with regards to metabolism as well as exposure and uptake routes. Current international and European regulatory criteria for Persistence, Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity (PBT) assessment of chemical substances are mainly based on toxicity and bioaccumulation data in aquatic species. In the literature, there is evidence that several persistent organic chemicals, which are not classified as bioaccumulative and/or toxic in aquatic organisms according to existing criteria, can biomagnify in non-aquatic food chains up to the top predators (including humans) and exert their toxicity. Therefore, the regulatory frameworks may fail to identify a number of substances that are bioaccumulative and/or toxic in non-aquatic organisms and related food chains (exposed through soil and food), but not in aquatic species. Based on these considerations, two reports were prepared on available criteria for non-aquatic organisms within PBT/vPvB frameworks: one on bioaccumulation assessment (Part I) and one on toxicity assessment (Part II). Specifically, the present document illustrates and discusses the outcomes of a regulatory and literature review on available criteria for toxicity assessment in non-aquatic organisms at international and European level (Part II). This report could be used to support an eventual revision of guidance documents, e.g. for REACH (EU Regulation 1907/2006), as well as to promote the harmonisation of regulatory criteria for PBT/vPvB assessment.
Download or read book New TSCA written by Lynn L. Bergeson and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2017 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "With the passage of the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act on June 22, 2016, the main body of chemical management law in the United States changed dramatically. This guide summarizes the new law, highlights the changes that will have the greatest impact, and offers pertinent analysis on the implementation of the new law."--
Download or read book Chemical Products and Processes written by Konrad Hungerbühler and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-17 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides both students and professionals alike with a transdisciplinary and comprehensive foundation to design responsible chemical products and processes that protect human health and the environment. It serves as a compact guide that brings together knowledge and tools from across multiple disciplines. Readers are introduced to a set of core topics with focus placed on basic technical methods and tools (including life cycle assessment, product and process risk assessment, and thermal safety concepts) as well as on important normative topics (including philosophical, societal, and business perspectives in addition to current environmental and safety legislation). Developed in collaboration with industry partners, this textbook also provides a workable, illustrative case study that guides readers through applying the fundamentals learned to the production and application of a real-world chemical product. Building upon the success of its first German edition published in 1998, this latest edition has been significantly updated and expanded to reflect developments over the past two decades. Its publication comes at a key time when the volume and pace of global chemical production is dramatically increasing, and the rise of social media and informed citizen scientists make the dialogue with stakeholders even more important and demanding. This textbook is a valuable resource for both the current and next generation of scientists and engineers that will be tasked with addressing the many challenges and opportunities that are appearing as a result. Covering a wide range of interconnected topics at a fundamental level applicable across scientific study programs and professions, this textbook fills a need not met by many of the other more specialized textbooks currently available.
Download or read book The cost of inaction written by Gretta Goldenman and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2019-03-17 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PFAS (per and polyfluoroalkylsubstances) are known to be extremely difficult to degrade in the environment and to be bioaccumulative and toxic. Exposure to PFAS is suspected to increase the risk of adverse health effects, such as impacts on the thyroid gland, the liver, fat metabolism and the immune system. This study estimates the socioeconomic costs that may result from impacts on human health and the environment from the use of PFAS. Better awareness of the costs and problems associated with PFAS exposure will assist decision-makers and the general public to make more efficient and timely risk management decisions. Findings indicate that the costs are substantial, with annual health-related costs estimated to 2.8 – 4.6 billion EUR for the Nordic countries and 52 – 84 billion EUR for all EEA countries. Overall non-health costs are estimated at 46 million – 11 billion EUR for the Nordic countries.Upon request the excel spreadsheets used for the monetarisation and valuation in this report can also be provided along with a guidance on how to use the estimation of costs for value transfer. Please contact any of the consultants or members of the steering group from the Swedish Chemicals Agency or the Danish Environmental Protection Agency if you are interested in receiving these excel spreadsheets.
Download or read book Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PBT substances are substances that are persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic, while vPvB substances are characterised by a particular very high persistence in combination with a very high tendency to bio-accumulate, but not necessarily experimentally proven toxicity. These properties are defined by the criteria laid down in Section 1 of Annex XIII to REACH (the so-called "PBT and vPvB criteria"). A PBT/vPvB assessment is required for all substances for which a chemical safety assessment (CSA) must be conducted. These are in general all substances manufactured or imported in amounts of 10 or more tonnes per year that are not exempted from registration under REACH. However, some further exemptions apply, e.g. for substances present in a mixture if the concentration is less than 0.1% weight by weight (w/w) (Art. 14(2)), for on-site isolated (Art. 17) or transported intermediates (Art. 18), and for Product and Process Oriented Research and Development (Art. 9) (for further information see Section 2.2.3 of the Guidance on Registration).
