Download or read book Performance of Geosynthetic Clay Liners Used in Two Landfill Closures in a Coastal Area of Florida written by JT. Olsta and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landfill caps may present GCLs with one of the most difficult environmental conditions in which to perform. The low confining pressure of the cover soil allows for greater separation of the sodium montmorillonite platelets. The GCL is more susceptible to ion exchange at these low confining pressures. Coastal areas of Florida have a greater potential for the presence of calcium within the sandy soil cover placed over the GCL to function as a drainage layer and protective cover. This combination of low confining pressure and the presence of calcium carbonate may increase the hydraulic conductivity of the GCL over time. This paper will detail an investigation of a 5 year old plus GCL barrier layer within two landfill closures for a coastal Florida county and determine if any changes in properties of the bentonite/GCLs have occurred. The samples were tested for hydraulic conductivity, fluid loss, swell index, and ion content. The samples were also inspected for root penetration. Samples of the soils placed above and below the GCL were also analyzed for ion content and bentonite compatibility.

Download or read book Advances in Geosynthetic Clay Liner Technology written by Robert E. Mackey and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 2004 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soon after the inception of ASTM D35.04 Subcommittee on Geosynthetic Clay Liners, the first symposium on Testing and Acceptance Criteria for Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCLs), STP 1308, was held on 29 January 1996, in Atlanta, Georgia. The intention of the symposium was to bring together the current knowledge and understanding regarding this relatively new product used in containment systems. Since that symposium, numerous GCL standards have been developed along with a greater appreciation of the product's capabilities and limitations. ASTM D35 determined it was time to assess the current state of GCL technology to better address possible revisions of the present ASTM GCL standards and determine what new standards will be required in the future.

Download or read book Assessment of the Performance of Engineered Waste Containment Barriers written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-08-22 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: President Carter's 1980 declaration of a state of emergency at Love Canal, New York, recognized that residents' health had been affected by nearby chemical waste sites. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, enacted in 1976, ushered in a new era of waste management disposal designed to protect the public from harm. It required that modern waste containment systems use "engineered" barriers designed to isolate hazardous and toxic wastes and prevent them from seeping into the environment. These containment systems are now employed at thousands of waste sites around the United States, and their effectiveness must be continually monitored. Assessment of the Performance of Engineered Waste Containment Barriers assesses the performance of waste containment barriers to date. Existing data suggest that waste containment systems with liners and covers, when constructed and maintained in accordance with current regulations, are performing well thus far. However, they have not been in existence long enough to assess long-term (postclosure) performance, which may extend for hundreds of years. The book makes recommendations on how to improve future assessments and increase confidence in predictions of barrier system performance which will be of interest to policy makers, environmental interest groups, industrial waste producers, and industrial waste management industry.

Download or read book Geosynthetic Clay Liners for Waste Containment Facilities written by Abdelmalek Bouazza and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-11-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasingly stringent regulation of pollution and waste production worldwide drives the need to isolate contaminants that pose a threat to human and environmental health by using engineered barrier systems involving the use of low permeable materials. Over the past two decades, geosynthetic clay liners have gained widespread acceptance for use in such barrier systems. They are often used as a component of primary and secondary base liners or final cover systems in municipal solid-waste landfills as well as in regulated industrial storage and mining waste-disposal facilities. This book gives a comprehensive and authoritative review of the current state of practice on geosynthetic clay liners in waste containments. It provides an insight into individual materials (bentonite and the associated geosynthetics) and the manufacturing processes. This is followed by the coverage of important topics such as hydraulic conductivity, chemical compatibility, contaminant transport, gas migration, shear strength and slope stability, and field performance.

Download or read book Field Performance of a Geosynthetic Clay Liner GCL Used as the Hydraulic Barrier Layer in a Landfill Cover in Southwestern Wisconsin written by Patricia Ann Thorstad and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Clay Geosynthetic Barriers written by H. Zanzinger and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-01-27 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clay geosynthetic barriers are most frequently used in environmental areas, such as landfill cover systems. This work discusses the durability and lifetime aspects of clay geosynthetic barriers related to the synthetic yarns and fibres.

Download or read book Performance of Geosynthetic Clay Liners in Cover Subsurface Barrier and Basal Liner Applications written by Mohamed Said Hussein Hosney and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 1730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) as (i) covers for arsenic-rich gold mine tailings and landfills, (ii) subsurface barrier for migration of hydrocarbons in the Arctic, and (iii) basal liner for sewage treatment lagoons were examined. After 4 years in field and laboratory experiments, it was found that best cover configuration above gold mine tailings might include a layer of GCL product with polymer-enhanced bentonite and a geofilm-coated carrier geotextile serving above the tailings under [greater than or equal to] 0.7 m overburden. However, acceptable performance could be achieved with using a standard GCL with untreated bentonite provided that there is a minimum of 0.7 m of cover soil above the GCL. When GCL samples were exhumed from experimental landfill test cover with complete replacement of sodium in the bentonite with divalent cations in the adjacent soil, it was observed that the (i) hydraulic head across the GCLs, (ii) size of the needle-punched bundles, and (iii) structure of the bentonite can all significantly affect the value of the inferred in-situ hydraulic conductivity measured at the laboratory. The higher the hydraulic head and the larger the size of the needle-punched bundles, the higher the likelihood of internal erosion/structural change of bentonite at bundles that will cause a preferential flow for liquids to occur. A key practical implication was that GCLs can perform effectively as a single hydraulic barrier in covers provided that the water head above the GCL kept low. The hydraulic performance of a GCL in the Arctic was most affected by the location within the soil profile relative to the typical groundwater level with the highest increase in the hydraulic conductivity (by 1-4 orders of magnitude) for GCL below the water table. However, because the head required for jet fuel to pass through the GCL was higher than that present under field conditions, there was no evidence of jet fuel leakage through the barrier system. The leakage through GCLs below concrete lined sewage treatment lagoons was within acceptable limits, in large part, due to the low interface transmissivity between GCLs and the overlying poured concrete.

Download or read book Testing and Acceptance Criteria for Geosynthetic Clay Liners written by Larry W. Well and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1997 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An engineering perspective on the liners, which are used as barriers for containing liquid and in conjunction with geomembranes in landfills and capping systems. Explore aspects of testing for shear strength and long-term creep, issues and methods of testing for hydraulic conductivity, and specifica

Download or read book Geosynthetic Clay Liners Used in Municipal Solid Waste Landfills Scholar s Choice Edition written by U S Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 2015-02-16 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Download or read book Fluid Migration Through Geomembrane Seams and Through the Interface Between Geomembrane and Geosynthetic Clay Liner written by Madalena C. P. Barroso and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Composite liners are used to limit the contamination migration from landfills. Their successful performance is closely related with the geomembrane as it provides the primary barrier to diffusive and advective transport of contaminants. Critical issues on the performance of the geomembranes are the seams between geomembrane panels and the inevitable defects resulting, for instance, from inadequate installation activities. In landfills, where high density polyethylene geomembranes are usually used, seams are typically made by the thermal-hot dual wedge method. A literature review on quality control of the seams showed that, in situ, fluid-tightness of seams is evaluated in qualitative terms (pass/failure criteria), despite their importance to ensure appropriate performance of the geomembranes as barriers. In addition, a synthesis of studies on geomembrane defects indicated that defects varying in density from 0.7 to 15.3 per hectare can be found in landfills. Defects represent preferential flow paths for leachate. Various authors have developed analytical solutions and empirical equations for predicting the flow rate through composite liners due to defects in the geomembrane. The validity of these methods for composite liners comprising a geomembrane over a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) over a compacted clay liner (CCL) has never been studied from an experimental point of view. To address the problem of fluid migration through the geomembrane seams, an attempt is made to provide a test method, herein termed as "gas permeation pouch test", for assessing the quality of the thermal-hot dual wedge seams. This test consists of pressurising the air channel formed by the double seam with a gas to a specific pressure and, then, measuring the decrease in pressure over time. From the pressure decrease, both the gas permeation coefficients, in steady state conditions, and the time constant, in unsteady state conditions, can be estimated. Experiments were carried out both in laboratory and in field conditions to study the suitability of this test to assess the quality of the seams in situ. The results obtained suggest that it is possible to assess the quality of the geomembrane seams from a non-destructive test conducted in situ by determining the time constant. To address the problem of fluid migration through geomembrane defects, composite liners comprising a geomembrane with a circular hole over a GCL over a CCL were simulated in tests at three scales. Flow rates at the interface between the geomembrane and the GCL were measured. Correspondent interface transmissivity was estimated based on final flow rates and observation of the wetted area. A parametric study was performed to evaluate the influence of the prehydration of the GCL, the hydraulic head on top of the liner and the confining stress over the liner system, on the flow rate through composite liners due to defects in the geomembrane, as well as to check the feasibility of an extrapolation of the results obtained on small-scale tests to field conditions. It was found that the transmissivity does not seem to be affected by the prehydration of the GCLs when low confining stresses were used. It also does not seem to be influenced by the increase in confining stress when non-prehydrated GCLs are used. Finally, the transmissivity does not seem to be significantly affected by the increase in hydraulic head. The results also suggest that predictions on flow rates though composite liners due to defects in the geomembrane, which are based on transmissivity values obtained in small scale tests, are conservative. Lastly, based on the transmissivities obtained in this study, empirical equations for predicting the flow rate through composite liners consisting of a geomembrane over a GCL over a CCL are proposed. Flow rates calculated using these equations are in better agreement with the flow rates measured experimentally than the empirical equations reported in literature. The new empirical equations provide design engineers with simple and accurate tools for calculating the flow rates through the above mentioned type of composite liners.

Download or read book Geosynthetic Clay Liners Used in Municipal Solid Waste Landfills written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hydraulic and Chemical Properties of Geosynthetic Clay Liners Overlain by Geomembrane in Landfill Final Covers written by Joseph Scalia and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geosynthetic Clay Liners for Waste Containment Facilities written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Investigation of the Behavior of Geosynthetic Clay Liners Subjected to Thermal Gradients in Basal Liner Applications written by JM. Southen and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Composite liners comprised of geomembranes and geosynthetic clay liners can be an effective means of minimizing fluid flow and associated groundwater contamination from municipal solid waste landfills. There remains uncertainty, however, regarding the long-term performance of such systems under conditions of elevated temperature that may occur at the base of landfills attributable to exothermic waste degradation processes. The heat generated by these processes may lead to the development of a thermal gradient through the lining system that creates a risk of desiccation within the uppermost portion of the subsoil and the geosynthetic clay liner itself. To investigate this issue, a series of small-scale laboratory experiments were developed in an effort to simulate the hydraulic and thermal conditions existing at the base of a landfill. This paper presents the results of investigations into the influence of various parameters on the behavior of a composite liner. The distribution of temperature and water content over time is discussed, as well as potential impacts on the performance of the geosynthetic clay liner.

Download or read book Long term Hydraulic Performance of Geosynthetic Clay Liners Subjected to Inorganic Salt Solutions written by Jae-Myung Lee and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Investigation of Hydraulic Performance of Geosynthetic Clay Liner written by Mohammad Abul Fazal and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geosynthetic Clay Liners in Alkaline Environments written by JA. McKelvey and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) as secondary barrier layers in environmental applications such as landfills and other impoundment facilities is becoming increasingly more popular among the engineering community, particularly at project sites where earthen materials suitable for barrier layers may not be locally available. Design engineers for these environmental applications are becoming well versed at performing equivalency calculations comparing the performance of geosynthetic materials to their earthen counterparts. For barrier layers, these equivalency calculations would normally compare the mechanical and hydraulic properties of the GCL to a compacted clay liner. Of these properties, the ability of the hydraulic properties to withstand degradation due to permeation of contained leachates is of prominent concern. Such is the case in alkaline environments. The leachate may adversely affect the GCL by minimizing swelling, decreasing adsorption capacity and increasing the permeability of the material. If the effect on the material is significant, the usefulness of this product is diminished, possibly voiding any equivalency comparison to compacted clay liner performance. The design engineer must fully understand what effect, if any, specific leachates will have on the GCL being considered. Accordingly, appropriate performance testing with the leachate in question must be performed during the design phase and confirmed during construction through quality assurance testing.