Download or read book Performance Evaluation of Warm Mix Recycled Asphalt Binders After Long Term Aging written by Qiang Li and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study evaluates the pavement performance evolution of warm-mix recycled asphalt binders during the secondary service period. Warm-mix recycled asphalt binders with various long-term aging levels and recycling plans were produced by the laboratory simulation method. Conventional physical properties tests, the dynamic shear rheometer test, and the bending beam rheometer test were conducted to measure the performance of recycled binders. Effects of the aging level and recycling plan on the resistance to rutting, fatigue cracking, and low temperature cracking were investigated by statistical methods. It was found that after secondary long-term aging, recycled binders are more resistant to rutting, while they are less resistant to fatigue and low temperature cracking. The modified aging kinetic model can be used to accurately characterize the effect of secondary aging time on rutting or fatigue factors for recycled binders. The resistance of aged binders to fatigue and low temperature cracking is obviously improved by adding the warm mix asphalt additive. By comparison, using styrene butadiene rubber latex enhances the binder performance in almost all aspects. The aging level has a more significant effect than the recycling plan for all performance parameters.

Download or read book Evaluation of Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies with Respect to Binder Aging and Emissions written by Faramarz Farshidi and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) technologies have been used to modify asphalt binders, with the following objectives: to decrease production and construction temperatures, reduce fumes and emissions, increase haul distance, and improve the workability of the mix. Reduced temperatures at the plant and during laydown and compaction are hypothesized to positively impact long-term oxidative aging behavior due to less oxidation/aging and result in less emissions during production and construction due to reduced production and construction temperatures. The purpose of this investigation was to quantify these improvements with respect to long-term oxidative aging in the field and environmental benefits with respect to volatile organic compounds, semi-volatile organic compounds and poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in order to confirm or deny this hypothesis. This research evaluated the potential durability of WMA and Rubberized Warm Mix Asphalt (R-WMA) binders with respect to long-term aging through characterization of field-aged binders extracted and recovered from field cores. The results were compared to the control conventional Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) and Rubberized Hot Mix Asphalt (R-HMA) samples. Binders were extracted and recovered from thirteen different test sections and a total of seven different WMA technologies were evaluated in this study. The Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) was used to evaluate the rheological properties of the binders at high temperatures with respect to rutting performance in the field. The Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) was used to characterize low temperature properties of the binder samples. A new testing procedure was developed to measure and characterize the rheological properties of the R-HMA and R-WMA binders with respect to performance-related properties in the field. The rheological results indicated that depending on the WMA technology used, the addition of WMA technologies and reduced production and compaction temperatures result in increase or decrease rutting resistance performance for WMA and R-WMA binders with respect to permanent deformation at high temperatures in the field. Both WMA and R-WMA binders studied meet the established thermal cracking criteria with respect to low temperature cracking in the field. The aging kinetics curves for WMA-treated binders are parallel to the control binders and the addition of WMA technologies including organic, chemical and mechanical foaming technologies studied in this research did not result in a different aging kinetics trend with respect to long-term aging in the field. A portable "flux" chamber was designed and fabricated to capture and directly measure emissions during paving operations. Emissions were collected in activated charcoal sorbent tubes for characterizing volatile organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds. XAD-2 resin tubes and filters were used to capture the gaseous phase and particulate phase of the PAH compounds, respectively. A reliable analytical method was developed to identify and quantify alkane emissions using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in the laboratory. A separate method was developed for identification and characterization of trace level PAH compounds of the asphalt fumes. The results demonstrated that the warm mix asphalt technology type, plant mixing temperature and level of compaction significantly influence the emission characteristics throughout paving operations. Moreover, the emissions kinetics indicated that the majority of the reactive organic gases are volatilized in the first hour after sampling initiation (immediately after production and before compaction). To better understand and identify any chemical composition changes of the binder due to WMA technologies, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) was used for understanding structural complexities of HMA and WMA binder molecules. Qualitative analysis of both carbon and hydrogen atoms with HMA and WMA binders showed that the molecular structures of the binders are not significantly changed by the effect of WMA technologies.

Download or read book Performance Evaluation of Recycled PMA Binders Containing Warm Mix Asphalt Additives written by Hakseo Kim and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The performance properties of recycled polymer modified asphalt (PMA) binders containing warm mix asphalt (WMA) additives at high, intermediate, and low temperatures were evaluated. First, each combination of two PMA binders (performance grade (PG) 76-22 from two different sources) and two WMA additives (i.e., Aspha-min® and Sasobit®) were blended to produce warm PMA binders. They were then artificially short-term and long-term aged through the rolling thin film oven and pressure aging vessel procedures. Second, long-term aged warm PMA binders were recycled using two virgin binders (PG 76-22 and PG 70-22), and the recycled binders were artificially aged again. Lastly, Superpave binder tests were performed through the rotational viscometer, the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), and the bending beam rheometer (BBR). In general, the results of this study suggested that (1) the WMA additives and the aged PMA binders were found to have a significant influence on the performance properties of recycled binders (measured by the DSR and the BBR); (2) the use of PG 70-22 as a virgin binder was effective in offsetting the increase of binder stiffness due to the additives and the aged binders; and (3) the recycled warm PMA binders can result in satisfactory binder performance that meets current Superpave binder requirements.

Download or read book Long term Aging of Asphalt Mixtures for Performance Testing and Prediction written by Y. Richard Kim and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Manual for Design of Hot Mix Asphalt with Commentary written by and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2011 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Recommendations and Guidelines for the Use of WMA Mixtures written by Zelalem Arega and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this research study was to evaluate the influence of warm mix additives on the rheology and performance characteristics of asphalt binders with emphasis on the affects of long-term aging and use of recycled asphalt binder. In order to achieve this objective the asphalt binders were first screened based on their chemical makeup. The selected asphalt binders were combined with different warm mix asphalt additives and evaluated for their mechanical properties. Subsets of these binders were also used to evaluate the affect of long-term aging and the affect of using recycled asphalt binder on performance characteristics. Tests were also conducted using a limited number of sand-asphalt mortars and full asphalt mixtures to further corroborate the findings from the binder study.

Download or read book Hot mix Asphalt Mixtures written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Performance Evaluation of Warm Mix Asphalt Mixtures Incorporating Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement written by Brian Hill and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainability is a cornerstone of today0́9s engineering world. Warm mix asphalt (WMA) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) are the most prominent sustainable materials in asphalt concrete pavements. WMA is a not a new concept, however new innovations and increased usage of WMA has been spurred by the increased focus on sustainable infrastructure systems. WMA enables reduced production temperatures through the use of wax, water, or other chemical packages. The effects of reduced production temperatures include fuel use and emissions reductions, improved compaction, and possible RAP concentration increases. RAP is the primary recycled product of the aged asphalt concrete pavements and its use leads to reductions in virgin aggregate and asphalt demand. However, significant performance issues can stem from the individual integration of WMA or RAP materials in asphalt concrete. In particular, WMA technologies can increase moisture and rutting susceptibility while RAP significantly increases the stiffness of the resulting mixture. Consequently, quality performance of sustainable asphalt pavements may require the combined use of WMA and RAP to produce mixtures with sufficient stiffness and moisture and fracture resistance. This study evaluates the potential of WMA technologies and their integration with RAP. Initially, an extensive literature review was completed to understand the advantages, disadvantages, and past field and lab performance of WMA and RAP mixtures. Rotational viscometer and bending beam rheometer tests were then used to evaluate Sasobit, Evotherm M1, and Advera WMA modified and unmodified binders. Finally, virgin and 45% RAP mixtures were designed and tested to examine the rutting, moisture, and fracture resistance of WMA and HMA mixtures. The results of this experiment provided several key observations. First, viscosity reductions may not be the primary cause for the availability of reduced production temperatures for WMA technologies. Second, WMA additive properties have a significant effect upon fracture, moisture, and rutting resistance. Furthermore, the addition of RAP to WMA mixtures improved the rutting and moisture sensitivity performance as characterized in the Hamburg and Tensile Strength Ratio testing procedures.

Download or read book Evaluation of Short Term Aging Effect of Hot Mix Asphalt Due to Elevated Temperatures and Extended Aging Time written by Rubben Lolly and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heating of asphalt during production and construction causes the volatilization and oxidation of binders used in mixes. Volatilization and oxidation causes degradation of asphalt pavements by increasing the stiffness of the binders, increasing susceptibility to cracking and negatively affecting the functional and structural performance of the pavements. Degradation of asphalt binders by volatilization and oxidation due to high production temperature occur during early stages of pavement life and are known as Short Term Aging (STA). Elevated temperatures and increased exposure time to elevated temperatures causes increased STA of asphalt. The objective of this research was to investigate how elevated mixing temperatures and exposure time to elevated temperatures affect aging and stiffening of binders, thus influencing properties of the asphalt mixtures. The study was conducted in two stages. The first stage evaluated STA effect of asphalt binders. It involved aging two Performance Graded (PG) virgin asphalt binders, PG 76-16 and PG 64-22 at two different temperatures and durations, then measuring their viscosities. The second stage involved evaluating the effects of elevated STA temperature and time on properties of the asphalt mixtures. It involved STA of asphalt mixtures produced in the laboratory with the PG 64-22 binder at mixing temperatures elevated 25OF above standard practice; STA times at 2 and 4 hours longer than standard practices, and then compacted in a gyratory compactor. Dynamic modulus (E*) and Indirect Tensile Strength (IDT) were measured for the aged mixtures for each temperature and duration to determine the effect of different aging times and temperatures on the stiffness and fatigue properties of the aged asphalt mixtures. The binder test results showed that in all cases, there was increased viscosity. The results showed the highest increase in viscosity resulted from increased aging time. The results also indicated that PG 64-22 was more susceptible to elevated STA temperature and extended time than the PG 76-16 binders. The asphalt mixture test results confirmed the expected outcome that increasing the STA and mixing temperature by 25oF alters the stiffness of mixtures. Significant change in the dynamic modulus mostly occurred at four hour increase in STA time regardless of temperature.

Download or read book Influence of Warm Mix Asphalt on Aging of Asphalt Binders written by Ala R. Abbas and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Long Term Effectiveness of Recycling Agents to Improve Performance Properties of Asphalt Concrete written by Mahsa Tofighian and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recycled materials such as reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) have been incorporated into asphalt mixtures for many years. However, their usage has increased over time as they are seen as a way to reduce the cost of asphalt mixtures, save energy, and protect the environment. Similarly, there has been a growing focus on the utilization of recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) in asphalt mixtures, a pursuit undertaken by various state highway agencies. However, unless appropriate precautions are taken, as the proportion of RAP and RAS in the asphalt mixture is raised, the mixture becomes more brittle, leading to a higher risk of cracking and raveling in the asphalt pavement. Furthermore, the mixture becomes less workable and more challenging to compact in the field, increasing the potential for premature field failure. One strategy to incorporate more RAP and RAS into asphalt mixtures involves the use of specialized recycling agents (RAs), known as rejuvenating agents. Over time, asphalt mixtures undergo aging during construction and over the extended service life of asphalt pavements, resulting in the oxidation of the mix and the loss of a significant portion of the maltenes in the binder composition. Maltenes contribute to the softening effect of the binder, and these recycling agents, when used appropriately, are expected to compensate for this reduction in maltenes. The ultimate result of this rebalancing of components is the softening of the aged binder and an improvement in its resistance to cracking. This study investigates the long-term impact of bio-based and petroleum-based recycling agents (RA's) on recycled asphalt binders with varying levels of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and reclaimed asphalt shingles (RAS) content, specifically low (15%) and high (30%) RAP content and 0% and 5% RAS content. The rejuvenated binders underwent short-term and long-term aging through the use of a Rolling Thin Film Oven (RTFO) and Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV), respectively. The performance characteristics of these modified binders at various aging stages were assessed using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and bending beam rheometer (BBR). The study revealed that all RA's used in this research maintained their effectiveness even after long-term aging, though the degree of effectiveness varied. Additionally, the results indicated that the petroleum-based RA required a higher dosage to achieve the same effect as the bio-based RA's. The findings from this research also demonstrated that when rejuvenators are added to mixtures with a high RAP content or a combination of RAP and RAS, the mixture's performance is enhanced in terms of low-temperature cracking and fatigue cracking. Nevertheless, it is crucial to extend this work to field pilot projects to ensure the effective application of these rejuvenating products.

Download or read book Performance Evaluation of Aged Asphalt Mix for Hot In Place Recycling written by Bin Yu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite increasing application, limited knowledge is known of in situ and laboratory properties of asphalt mixes placed through hot in-place recycling (HIR). This study conducted a preliminary investigation to inspect the individual and joint effects of binder (aged or rejuvenated) and gradation (decayed or normal) on respective performance indicators. Three mixes were designed and the properties were determined, including mix A collected from aged asphalt pavement, mix B designed with the same gradation of mix A but using virgin materials, and mix C designed with the initial construction aggregate gradation of the aged pavement section using virgin materials. The experimental program was carried out at the binder/aggregate, mortar and mix levels. The binder property, aggregate quality, and gradation of mix A were changed compared to the initial design, and the proper dosage of rejuvenator is able to restore the binder properties largely except for ductility. Asphalt mortars of mixes A and B were prepared and submitted for repeated shear at constant height (RSCH) and frequency sweep at constant height (FSCH) tests and found that the former has a better rutting resistance in terms of the Gv (viscous component of creep stiffness) and complex shear modulus G*, whereas poorer low-temperature and fatigue performances in terms of the glassy modulus G*g and NP20. At the mix level, master curves of the three mixes were developed by dynamic modulus tests and revealed disparate viscoelastic properties, of which mix C is mostly desired. Binder aging and gradation decay work contradictorily, determining flow number test results so that mixes A and C have close and higher flow number values than mix B. Fatigue and low-temperature fracture properties were evaluated by semi-circular bending tests and indicated the poorest performance for mix A because of binder aging and gradation decay.

Download or read book Evaluation of Warm Mix Additives for Use in Modified Asphalt Mixtures written by Corina Borroel Wong and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intention of this research effort is to evaluate the use of warm mix additives with typical polymer-modified and terminal blend tire rubber asphalt mixtures from Nevada and California. The research effort is broken into three phases that are intended to evaluate the impacts of warm mix additives with typical polymer-modified and terminal blend tire rubber asphalt mixtures from Nevada and California: moisture damage, performance characteristics, and mechanistic analysis. In Phase I of this research effort, mixture resistance to moisture damage was evaluated using the indirect tensile test and the dynamic modulus at multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Laboratory testing was conducted to address the following: (1) the impact of warm mix additive and reduced production temperatures on the moisture damage resistance of asphalt mixtures, (2) the impact of residual aggregate moisture on the moisture damage resistance of WMA mixtures, (3) the impact of warm mix additives on the moisture damage resistance of anti-strip treated WMA mixtures, and (3) the impact of long-term aging on strength gain and the moisture damage resistance of WMA mixtures. A total of one aggregate source, four warm mix asphalt technologies (Advera, Sasobit, Revix and Foaming) and three asphalt binder types (neat, polymer-modified and terminal blend tire rubber modified asphalt binders) typically used in both Nevada and California are being evaluated in this study. This thesis will only summarize the test results and findings of the Phase I of the study for two warm-mix additives: Advera and Sasobit. The evaluation of the other two technologies (i.e. Revix and Foaming) as well as the Phase II testing are still in progress and have not been completed.

Download or read book Performance Evaluation of Foamed Warm Mix Asphalt Produced by Water Injection written by Ayman Ali and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, a new group of technologies has been introduced in the United States that allow producing asphalt mixtures at temperatures 30 to 100oF lower than what is used in traditional hot mix asphalt (HMA). These technologies are commonly referred to as Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA). From among these technologies, foamed WMA produced by water injection has gained increased attention from the asphalt paving industry in Ohio since it does not require the use of costly additives. This type of asphalt mixtures is advertised as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional HMA and promoted to have better workability and compactability. In spite of these advantages, several concerns have been raised regarding the performance of foamed WMA because of the reduced production temperature and its impact on aggregate drying and asphalt binder aging. Main concerns include increased propensity for moisture-induced damage (durability) and increased susceptibility to permanent deformation (rutting). Other concerns include insufficient coating of coarse aggregates, and applicability of HMA mix design procedures to foamed WMA mixtures. This dissertation presents the results of a comprehensive study conducted to evaluate the laboratory performance of foamed WMA mixtures with regard to permanent deformation, moisture-induced damage, fatigue cracking, and low-temperature (thermal) cracking; and compare it to traditional HMA. In addition, the workability of foamed WMA and HMA mixtures was evaluated using a new device that was designed and fabricated at the University of Akron, and the compactability of both mixtures was examined by analyzing compaction data collected using the Superpave gyratory compactor. The effect of the temperature reduction, foaming water content, and aggregate moisture content on the performance of foamed WMA was also investigated. Furthermore, the rutting performance of plant-produced foamed WMA and HMA mixtures was evaluated in the Accelerated Pavement Load Facility (APLF) at Ohio University, and the long-term performance of pavement structures constructed using foamed WMA and HMA surface and intermediate courses was analyzed using the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG). Based on the experimental test results and the subsequent analyses findings, the following are the main conclusions made: In general, comparable laboratory test results were obtained for foamed WMA and HMA mixtures prepared using 30°F (16.7°C) temperature reduction, 1.8% foaming water content, and fully dried aggregates. Therefore, the performance of the resulting foamed WMA is expected to be similar to that of the HMA. Surface foamed WMA mixtures had comparable rutting performance in the APLF to that of the HMA mixtures. This was also the case for intermediate foamed WMA and HMA mixtures. These results indicate the field performance of the foamed WMA mixtures is similar to that of the HMA mixtures.

Download or read book Warm mix Asphalt Study written by Frank Farshidi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies and Recycled Asphalt Pavements in Truckee Meadows Nevada written by Cristian Diaz Montecino and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study evaluated the properties and laboratory performance of hot mix asphalt and warm mix asphalt mixtures with different levels of recycled asphalt pavements content. The rheological properties were evaluated for virgin and recovered recycled asphalt binders. The mixtures were evaluated for their resistance to moisture damage and permanent deformation.

Download or read book Influence of Aging on Foamed Warm Mix Asphalt written by Sunday Akinbowale and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the years, the use of warm mix in pavement structures has continued to gain increasing attention in United States because of its implicit advantages over the traditional hot mix. This has necessitated increased research efforts into understanding different aspects of its behaviour and performance. Aging of asphalt is particularly of much importance because it leads to several problems such as pavement rutting, fatigue cracking and thermal cracking. The aging that occurs during mixing and compaction is commonly referred to as short term aging while the aging that occurs during the pavement service life is called long term aging. The main reason for aging in binders is oxidation and binders become stiffer due to oxidation. Several research projects have been carried out on investigating the aging behavior of warm mix asphalt (WMA) produced by different chemical additives. But no major study has been conducted to understand the aging behavior of foamed WMA. Therefore, this study characterizes the aging behavior of foamed (WMA) as it compares to the traditional hot mix asphalt (HMA) using the Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) tests. Investigation of the effect of extraction and recovery with trichloroethylene on the stiffness of binders was initially carried out. In addition to preparation of mixtures, aging of binders (RTFO and PAV) and aging of mixtures (STOA and LTOA) being simulated in the laboratory using PG 70-22M and PG 64-22 binder grades, field cores were also obtained from test sections which had been in service for five years. Binders were extracted and recovered from both laboratory and field samples for subsequent physical and chemical tests. These results were analysed and used to evaluate the aging behavior of foamed WMA as it compares to HMA. It was observed that extraction and recovery procedure with trichloroethylene had minimal effect on PG 70-22M binders while it had a reductive effect on rutting and fatigue parameter values of PG 64-22 binders at different levels of aging. Both foamed WMA and HMA for PG 70-22M responded similarly to field and laboratory-simulated aging conditions. But for PG 64-22 binders, foamed WMA was found to be less susceptible to aging than the traditional HMA. Therefore, it implies that when the foamed warm mix technology is used, it may be expected to have a better performance in fatigue cracking but more susceptible to rutting or permanent deformation that takes place in pavement early years when compared to the traditional Hot Mix Asphalt.