Download or read book Performance Analysis of Decentralized Supply Chains written by Bogdan Cristian Bicheshu and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our work, comprising three essays, examines supply chain agent performance in a variety of decentralized systems under both stochastic and deterministic customer demand. In the first two essays, we develop models for both periodic and continuous review inventory policies when the decision-making rights are split between a supplier and a retailer. The second essay also examines a vendor-managed inventory (VMI) agreement. The last essay proposes a novel approach to workload balancing for a company that faces deterministic nonstationary demand and has little, or no, ability to hold inventory. The first two essays seek to answer the following research questions: 1) when does decentralized decision making result in the greatest loss in supply chain performance and 2) what effect does the distribution of channel power have on system and individual agent performance. Channel power here refers to an agent`s relative ability to control the decision making process and is modeled using a game-theoretic framework. We characterize optimal policies where possible and we use numerical analysis to generate insights. We find that, from a supply chain perspective, asymmetric power decision structures lead to better performance and customer service. Surprisingly, we identify cases where the lowest costs are incurred at the agent level when the agent is a follower and not a leader in the Stackelberg game. Our analysis also identifies the environmental conditions when the penalty from decentralized decision making is largest and shows that concentrating channel power with one of the agents can represent a viable alternative to coordination mechanisms, when the latter are costly to implement. In the third essay, we use Fourier analysis and Walsh basis functions to decompose an input workload profile into a portfolio of recurrent insourcing and outsourcing contracts to better achieve some desired constant workload level. In addition, we develop mathematical programs based on principles from goal programming formulations to answer important practical questions such as: 1) how should a company create a portfolio of contracts to balance workload over time; 2) how should the portfolio be customized to reflect special needs with respect to time, volume, etc., 3) what is the benefit of holding inventory as a supplement to subcontracting.

Download or read book Digitalization of Decentralized Supply Chains During Global Crises written by Taghipour, Atour and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2021-06-18 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During global crises, apart from humanitarian concerns, at the economic level, supply chains around the world can be impacted. These crises can cause huge uncertainties in both the supply and demand parts of supply chains. On one side, the demand for some products and services can be reduced. On the other side, manufacturers around the world are facing shortages of supplies of raw materials and parts because of interruptions in production, disruptions to transportation, and labor shortages. In this context, organizations start to re-examine their production and service systems based on digitization of operations to not only mitigate the risk but also to build a resilient supply chain while continuing to reduce costs and maximize profits. The question that can be asked is how the decentralized supply chains can integrate new technologies to compete in a risky environment in global crises. Digitalization of Decentralized Supply Chains During Global Crises provides new approaches of digitalization of decentralized supply chains and industries to help researchers, educators, consultants, and practitioners deal with global crises and improve the global performance of supply chains. Important topics covered include blockchain, internet of things, 3D technologies, and Industry 4.0 technologies within the context of digital supply chains. This book is important for supply chain managers, manufacturers, producers, logistics personnel, economists, practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, academicians, and students.

Download or read book Supply Chain Performance Evaluation written by Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-02 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors of this book tried to make these experiences available to those interested, considering the experience of several years of training, research, and implementation of projects in the supply chain performance evaluation field. This book intends to identify the current performance and competitive position of that supply chain compared to other supply chains by presenting and reviewing the techniques and models for measuring the efficiency and performance of the supply chain. Determining the performance of a supply chain is a good description of the status quo (what is). Determining the performance of a supply chain is useful for describing the past and present of supply chain processes, and on the other hand, it can be used to set performance goals and initiate the improvement process. To realize this, a strategic framework or model is needed to be able to extract indicators related to the efficiency of the supply chain and design the appropriate model.

Download or read book Performance Analysis of Intelligent Supply Chain Networks written by Ajith Kumar Narayanan Parlikad and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: e-commerce, intelligent supply chains, logistics.

Download or read book The Benefits of Decentralized Decision Making in Supply Chains written by Elena Belavina and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The inefficiency of decentralized decision-making is one of the most influential findings of the supply chain coordination literature. This paper shows that with the possibility of continuing trade, decentralization can be beneficial in improving supply chain performance. In a supply chain with decentralized decision-making and continuing trade, it is easier to incentivize players to coordinate on efficient actions. There are more gains to be shared from coordination, and by virtue of each player being a smaller influence on the system, any individual player's opportunism is less of a threat to coordination. These stronger incentives to coordinate manifest themselves in higher profits of supply chains with decentralized decision-making and additional terms of contracting acceptable to all players. Our analysis demonstrates that the widely accepted inefficiency of decentralized decision making is an artifact of the simplifying assumption of one-off trade, and identifies conditions for departures from this result with continuing trade. The newly identified phenomena provide a possible explanation for the paradoxically good performance of very decentralized supply chains seen in emerging market cooperatives, urban logistics, micro-retailing, and other settings.

Download or read book Modeling and Solving Decentralized Supply Chain Management Problems Using Multi Agent System with Dynamic Control Agents written by Wan-Hin Derek Chau and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Modeling and Solving Decentralized Supply Chain Management Problems Using Multi-agent System With Dynamic-control Agents" by Wan-hin, Derek, Chau, 鄒允軒, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Managing large scale supply chains are never an easy task. Numerous researches have put emphasis on supply chain modeling and optimization to assist businesses in searching for the best practices so as to endure the extremely competitive business landscape. To some, the paradigm of centralized supply chain management is adequate for solving its strategic and operational problems. Yet with the improper use of authoritative assumptions, the efficiency of the management process is often jeopardized. Furthermore, current researches in decentralized supply chain are mostly focused on dyadic or linear relationship and seldom consider quantitative modeling and analysis with scalability. Recent development in multi-agent systems provided a means for such a modeling methodology and hence researches in this area. To enhance model representativeness and computational efficiency, vision-based control models that are able to simulate individual operational and strategic traits are developed. In this research, pyramidal agent alignment is proposed for simulating the management-operation dimension with regards to decision exercising and bargaining power management. The system offers one thousand supply chain agents that are simulated in a mono-layer, multi-tier network in real time. Stochastic and dynamic behaviors of the network are handled by statistical regression on scenario-based model evaluation. The proposed design enabled grand scale supply chain modeling and optimization that follows a general or custom simulation supported optimization architecture. Network governance problems and dynamic steering problems are considered and solved using genetic algorithm and dynamic programming. The thesis looks into the potential benefits and limitations of the proposed methods in details, and future research directions are discussed. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5387964 Subjects: Business logistics - Management Multiagent systems

Download or read book Analysis of Decentralized Supply Chain Under Partial Cooperation written by Refik Güllü and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Supply Chain Coordination under Uncertainty written by Tsan-Ming Choi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-14 with total page 651 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Channel coordination is a core subject of supply chain management. Over the past decade, much research effort has been devoted to exploring the detailed mechanisms for achieving supply chain coordination under uncertainty, generating many fruitful analytical and empirical results. Despite the abundance of research results, there is an absence of a comprehensive reference source that provides state-of-the-art findings on both theoretical and applied research on the subject. In addition, with the advance of knowledge and technologies, many new topics on supply chain coordination under uncertainty have appeared in recent years. This handbook extensively examines supply chain coordination challenges with a focal point on discovering innovative measures that can help tackle the existing and emerging challenges. The book is organized into five parts, which include chapters on innovative analytical models for coordination, channel power and bargaining, technological advancements and applications, empirical analysis, cases studies and review. This handbook provides new empirical and analytical results with precious insights, which will not only help supply chain agents to understand more about the latest measures for supply chain coordination under uncertainty, but also help practitioners and researchers to know how to improve supply chain performance based on innovative methods.

Download or read book Demand Management in Decentralized Logistics Systems and Supply Chains written by Ozgun Caliskan Demirag and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze issues arising from demand management in decentralized decision-making environments. We consider logistics systems and supply chains, where companies' operations are handled with independent entities whose decisions affect the performance of the overall system. In the first study, we focus on a logistics system in the sea cargo industry, where demand is booked by independent sales agents, and the agents' capacity limits and sales incentives are determined by a central headquarters. We develop models for the central headquarters to analyze and optimize capacity allocation and sales incentives to improve the performance of the decentralized system. We use network flow problems to incorporate agent behavior in our models, and we link these individual problems through an overall optimization problem that determines the capacity limits. We prove a worst-case bound on the decentralized system performance and show that the choice of sales incentive impacts the performance. In the second study, we focus on supply chains in the automotive industry, where decentralization occurs as a result of the non-direct sales channels of the auto manufacturers. Auto manufacturers can affect their demand through sales promotions. We use a game theoretical model to examine the impact of "retailer incentive" and "customer rebate" promotions on the manufacturer's pricing and the retailer's ordering/sales decisions. We consider several models with different demand characteristics and information asymmetry between the manufacturer and a price discriminating retailer. We characterize the subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium decisions and determine which promotion would benefit the manufacturer under which market conditions. We find that the retailer incentives are preferred when demand is known. On the other hand, when demand is highly uncertain the manufacturer is better off with customer rebates. We extend this research by analyzing a competitive setting with two manufacturers and two retailers, where the manufacturers' promotions vary between retailer incentives and customer rebates. We find an equilibrium outcome where customer rebates reduce the competitor's profits to zero. We observe in numerical examples that the manufacturers are able to increase their sales and profits with retailer incentives, although this can be at the expense of the retailers' profits under some situations.

Download or read book Analyzing the Fundamental Performance of Supply Chains written by Kai Hoberg and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on supply chain management has received much attention in recent years. A supply chain is the network of all parties involved in fulfilling a customer request, that is, from the acquisition of raw materials, over the production of finished goods to their distribution to the customers. Supply chains are governed by inventory policies, which are key drivers of supply chain performance. In this book, Kai Hoberg applies linear control theory to study various inventory policies and to analyze the supply chain performance. Linear control theory originates in the engineering field anduses transfer functions to model the system in question. However, using the appropriate assumptions, it can be applied to model supply chains. In this research, the effect of the inventory policy on the fundamental performance of the supply chain is analyzed. The fundamental performance relates to the key performance drivers in the supply chain: variability and responsiveness. High variability causes companies to hold excess capacity, use overtime production, and motivates high safety stocks. Poor responsiveness hinders a supply chain to track customer demand and it will suffer from lost sales, unsatisfied customers, and increased competition. In this research, various properties of the different inventory policies are demonstrated. While the book is mathematically rigorous, the author focuses on important managerial insights gained from the analysis. He particular emphasizes the necessity of trade-offs and shows how to move the trade-offcurves by applying a particular inventory policy.

Download or read book Essays on the Value of Information Sharing in Decentralized Supply Chains written by Noam Shamir and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is comprised of three essays that explore various research questions related to incentives for information sharing in decentralized supply chains. The first essay, in chapter 2, introduces a new motivation for information sharing in decentralized supply chains - as a mechanism to achieve truthful information sharing and reduce signaling costs. In this essay I study a two echelon supply chain with one manufacturer selling a homogenous product to n price setting competing retailers, and each retailer is endowed with private information about the potential market demand. I first examine the incentives of the retailers to share information when the shared information is verifiable, and I demonstrate that the retailers have an incentive to share information with each other but conceal this information from the manufacturer. However, when the retailers share non-verifiable information, I show that by means of pure communication (cheap talk) no information can be exchanged. In order to overcome the problem of sharing non-verifiable information and induce the retailers to share information truthfully as their strategic choice, two signaling games are analyzed. In the first one, information is shared only between the retailers, and in the second, information is shared in a credible manner with the manufacturer as well. The emphasis of this paper is to understand the effect of exposing the manufacturer to the shared information on the ability of the retailers to reach an information sharing equilibrium. I show that under some conditions, when the retailers share non-verifiable information, they prefer to share this information with the manufacturer. As opposed to conventional wisdom, I also demonstrate that the supply chain can be better-off under settings of asymmetric information when the retailers choose to share their private information with the manufacturer. The second essay, in chapter 3, explores the value of observing demand information in a repeated procurement model between a manufacturer and his supplier. In many supply chain relationships that last over multiple periods, information about hidden properties of the supply chain partners can be revealed during the course of the relationship. This essay examines how the availability of such information affects the contracting scheme between a supplier and his manufacturer in a relationship that lasts over two selling seasons. At the beginning of the first selling season the manufacturer observes private information about the demand distribution, whereas the supplier who is less familiar with the market is endowed only with the prior distribution of the market condition. When the supplier cannot observe the demand realization during the first selling period, under many circumstances he offers a contract that induces the manufacturer to reveal the market condition in the first selling season. In contrast with the case in which no information is available to the supplier, the opportunity to observe demand realization during the first selling season can result in the supplier offering the manufacturer a contract that does not induce the manufacturer to reveal his private information during the first selling season and then offer a second period contract which is based on the first selling season demand realization. I show that when the supplier chooses to offer such a contract the manufacturer becomes worse off, and it has an ambiguous effect on the performance of the supply chain. Although sharing demand information with the supplier makes the manufacturer worse off, the manufacturer is always willing to share such information with his supplier. The third essay, in chapter 4, examines the incentives of retailers, looking to establish a cartel, to share information with their mutual manufacturer. Many researchers have emphasized the importance of communication to establish a cartel. Sharing information among the cartel members allows the cartel to coordinate on the optimal pricing scheme and monitor for possible deviations from the cartel strategy. Anti-trust authorities view information sharing practices as a possible signal for collusion, and economists asked whether information sharing between competing firms should be banned. In this essay I demonstrate how, even without direct information sharing between the cartel members, the retailers are able to exchange information about the market condition by sharing information with their mutual manufacturer. When the retailers share information with their manufacturer, the manufacturer uses the shared information to set the wholesale price to match the market condition. The retailers use the posted wholesale price to solve their coordination problem and set the monopoly price. When the manufacturer faces the decision whether to receive information from the retailers he weighs the trade-off between receiving information about the market, which helps him to set the wholesale price, and assisting the retailers to establish a cartel, which limits his sold quantity. When the retailers need to make this decision they weigh the fact that the posted wholesale price can solve their coordination problems against providing the manufacturer with better information. I demonstrate that there are cases in which both the retailers and the manufacturer are better-off sharing information, and that vertical information sharing can facilitate horizontal tacit collusion.

Download or read book Information and Decentralization in Inventory Supply Chain and Transportation Systems written by Guillaume Roels and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (cont.) We quantify the loss of efficiency of decentralized supply chains that use price-only contracts under the following configurations: series, assembly, competitive procurement, and competitive distribution. In the second part of the thesis, we characterize the dynamic nature of traffic equilibria in a transportation network. Using the theory of kinematic waves, we derive an analytical model for traffic delays capturing the first-order traffic dynamics and the impact of shock waves. We then incorporate the travel-time model within a dynamic user equilibrium setting and illustrate how the model applies to solve a large network assignment problem.

Download or read book Evaluation of Supply Chain Performance written by Liliana Avelar-Sosa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-30 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides some regional aspects considered by manufacturing firms in their decisions to gain competitiveness and have effects on the performance of their supply chains (SC). Some of the main aspects considered are: government's policies, fixed costs, the availability and quality of infrastructure services. This book also discusses the risks for the SC; based on a perception approach, some aspects studied are: demand, suppliers and production processes and how these are related to other elements of the SC. The authors use structural modeling to analyze the evaluation of some manufacturing practices and their impact on customer service satisfaction, agility and flexibility of the SC. The context of this study is immersed in the Mexican manufacturing industry of exportation, also known as maquiladora industry of Ciudad Juarez, México. This borderland is among the top 10 manufacturing Mexican cities. World class industries are located in this region and have been recognized around the world for their competitiveness and high performance. Therefore, the methods and results exposed in this book may be valuable and useful for readers and researchers of the SC worldwide.

Download or read book Applications of New Technology in Operations and Supply Chain Management written by Taghipour, Atour and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2024-08-26 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Data Corporation (IDC) has unveiled a series of transformative predictions to reshape operations and supply chain management, leading companies to re-assess their processes. Applications of New Technology in Operations and Supply Chain Management offers an in-depth exploration of how emerging technologies are positioned to revolutionize the way businesses execute and coordinate their operations. The book delves into the adoption of digital technologies, the shift to cloud technology, and the emergence of real-time operational insights that can be accessed from anywhere. For instance, 2026 ushers in integrating digital tools for measuring carbon footprints and the increased use of robots in unconventional domains, such as remote inspection and maintenance. By 2027, augmented reality technology will take center stage, reducing operator and field worker errors. Furthermore, remote operations embrace satellite-based artificial intelligence or machine learning technologies, revolutionizing data collection and analysis at the edge.

Download or read book Frontier Based Performance Analysis Models for Supply Chain Management written by Per J. Agrell and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effective supply chain management relies on information integration and implementation of best practice techniques across the chain. Supply chains are examples of complex multi-stage systems with temporal and causal interrelations, operating multi-input and multi-output production and services under utilization of fixed and variable resources. Acknowledging the lack of system's view, the need to identify system-wide and individual effects as well as incorporating a coherent set of performance metrics, the recent literature reports on an increasing, but yet limited, number of applications of frontier analysis models (e.g. DEA) for the performance assessment of supply chains or networks. The relevant models in this respect are multi-stage models with various assumptions on the intermediate outputs and inputs, enabling the derivation of metrics for technical and cost efficiencies for the system as well as the autonomous links. This paper reviews the state of the art in network DEA modeling, in particular two-stage models, along with a critical review of the advanced applications that are reported in terms of the consistency of the underlying assumptions and the results derived. Consolidating current work in this range using the unified notations and comparison of the properties of the presented models, the paper is closed with recommendations for future research in terms of both theory and application.

Download or read book Coordination in Supply Chains written by Jonas Andersson and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Integrated Risk Management in Global Supply Chains written by Panos Kouvelis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-10-26 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, one-stop reference for cutting-edge research in integrated risk management, modern applications, and best practices In the field of business, the ever-growing dependency on global supply chains has created new challenges that traditional risk management must be equipped to handle. Handbook of Integrated Risk Management in Global Supply Chains uses a multi-disciplinary approach to present an effective way to manage complex, diverse, and interconnected global supply chain risks. Contributions from leading academics and researchers provide an action-based framework that captures real issues, implementation challenges, and concepts emerging from industry studies.The handbook is divided into five parts: Foundations and Overview introduces risk management and discusses the impact of supply chain disruptions on corporate performance Integrated Risk Management: Operations and Finance Interface explores the joint use of operational and financial hedging of commodity price uncertainties Supply Chain Finance discusses financing alternatives and the role of financial services in procurement contracts; inventory management and capital structure; and bank financing of inventories Operational Risk Management Strategies outlines supply risks and challenges in decentralized supply chains, such as competition and misalignment of incentives between buyers and suppliers Industrial Applications presents examples and case studies that showcase the discussed methodologies Each topic's presentation includes an introduction, key theories, formulas, and applications. Discussions conclude with a summary of the main concepts, a real-world example, and professional insights into common challenges and best practices. Handbook of Integrated Risk Management in Global Supply Chains is an essential reference for academics and practitioners in the areas of supply chain management, global logistics, management science, and industrial engineering who gather, analyze, and draw results from data. The handbook is also a suitable supplement for operations research, risk management, and financial engineering courses at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels.