Download or read book Perception Knowledge and The Question of Importance written by Joseph S Hutchings and published by FriesenPress. This book was released on 2015-12-21 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Where would people like Aristotle, Descartes and Kant have taken their thinking if they had had from the start the benefit of twenty-first century scientific knowledge and some hundreds or thousands of additional years of human history to consider? The project is to step back from the thought that has gone before and step away from all the assumptions that we have made about the experience of being human. This gives us the frame of reference from which to re-visit the first questions of philosophy. One thing about the human experience is clear-we perceive. We perceive a world of ideas, and, while in this world, we can be completely free and unrestrained. We perceive another world of people and things wherein everything can be understood in terms of constraints and the power to overcome them. Is there something called reality among these constraints? One of the constraints is that our knowledge is limited and there are things that we can never know. We decide how to divide our time between these perceived worlds and we ask "Is there a right thing to do?" Beyond these first questions of philosophy, the questions of Being, of Knowledge and of Ethics, is there a question that we are missing? There is a question that humans encounter, and answer, constantly throughout their lives. That is the question which ultimately determines human conduct. It is the Question of Importance....

Download or read book Perception Knowledge and The Question of Importance written by Joseph S Hutchings and published by FriesenPress. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Where would people like Aristotle, Descartes and Kant have taken their thinking if they had had from the start the benefit of twenty-first century scientific knowledge and some hundreds or thousands of additional years of human history to consider? The project is to step back from the thought that has gone before and step away from all the assumptions that we have made about the experience of being human. This gives us the frame of reference from which to re-visit the first questions of philosophy. One thing about the human experience is clear—we perceive. We perceive a world of ideas, and, while in this world, we can be completely free and unrestrained. We perceive another world of people and things wherein everything can be understood in terms of constraints and the power to overcome them. Is there something called reality among these constraints? One of the constraints is that our knowledge is limited and there are things that we can never know. We decide how to divide our time between these perceived worlds and we ask “Is there a right thing to do?” Beyond these first questions of philosophy, the questions of Being, of Knowledge and of Ethics, is there a question that we are missing? There is a question that humans encounter, and answer, constantly throughout their lives. That is the question which ultimately determines human conduct. It is the Question of Importance.

Download or read book Perception Knowledge and the Question of Importance written by Joseph S. Hutchings and published by . This book was released on 2015-12-21 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Where would people like Aristotle, Descartes and Kant have taken their thinking if they had had from the start the benefit of twenty-first century scientific knowledge and some hundreds or thousands of additional years of human history to consider? The project is to step back from the thought that has gone before and step away from all the assumptions that we have made about the experience of being human. This gives us the frame of reference from which to re-visit the first questions of philosophy. One thing about the human experience is clear-we perceive. We perceive a world of ideas, and, while in this world, we can be completely free and unrestrained. We perceive another world of people and things wherein everything can be understood in terms of constraints and the power to overcome them. Is there something called reality among these constraints? One of the constraints is that our knowledge is limited and there are things that we can never know. We decide how to divide our time between these perceived worlds and we ask "Is there a right thing to do?" Beyond these first questions of philosophy, the questions of Being, of Knowledge and of Ethics, is there a question that we are missing? There is a question that humans encounter, and answer, constantly throughout their lives. That is the question which ultimately determines human conduct. It is the Question of Importance.

Download or read book Knowledge Perception and Memory written by C. Ginet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1975-06-30 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book I present what seem to me (at the moment) to be right an swers to some of the main philosophical questions about the topics men tioned in the title, and I argue for them where I can. I hope that what I say may be of interest both to those who have already studied these ques tions a lot and to those who haven't. There are several important topics in epistemology to which I give little or no attention here - such as the nature of a proposition, the major classifications of propositions (neces sary and contingent, a priori and a posteriori, analytic and synthetic, general and particular), the nature of understanding a proposition, the nature of truth, the nature and justification of the various kinds of in ference (deductive, inductive, and probably others) -but enough is cover ed, to one degree or another, that the book might be of use in a course in epistemology. Earlier versions of some of the material in Chapters II, III, and IV were some of the material in Ginet (1970). An earlier version of the part of Chapter VII on memory-connection was a paper that I profited from reading and discussing in philosophy discussion groups at Cornell Uni versity, SUNY at Albany, and Syracuse University in 1972-73. I do not like to admit how long I have been working on this book.

Download or read book Evaluative Perception written by Anna Bergqvist and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluation is ubiquitous. Indeed, it isn't an exaggeration to say that we assess actions, character, events, and objects as good, cruel, beautiful, etc., almost every day of our lives. Although evaluative judgement - for instance, judging that an institution is unjust - is usually regarded as the paradigm of evaluation, it has been thought by some philosophers that a distinctive and significant kind of evaluation is perceptual. For example, in aesthetics, some have claimed that adequate aesthetic judgement must be grounded in the appreciator's first hand-hand perceptual experience of the item judged. In ethics, reference to the existence and importance of something like ethical perception is found in a number of traditions, for example, in virtue ethics and sentimentalism. This volume brings together philosophers working in aesthetics, epistemology, ethics, philosophy of mind, and value theory to investigate what we call 'evaluative perception'. Specifically, they engage with (1) Questions regarding the existence and nature of evaluative perception: Are there perceptual experiences of values? If so, what is their nature? Are perceptual experiences of values sui generis? Are values necessary for certain kinds of perceptual experience? (2) Questions about epistemology: Can evaluative perceptual experiences ever justify evaluative judgements? Are perceptual experiences of values necessary for certain kinds of justified evaluative judgements? (3) Questions about value theory: Is the existence of evaluative perceptual experience supported or undermined by particular views in value theory? Are particular views in value theory supported or undermined by the existence of evaluative perceptual experience?

Download or read book Perception written by Barry Maund and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-12-18 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The philosophical issues raised by perception make it one of the central topics in the philosophical tradition. Debate about the nature of perceptual knowledge and the objects of perception comprises a thread that runs through the history of philosophy. In some historical periods the major issues have been predominantly epistemological and related to scepticism, but an adequate understanding of perception is important more widely, especially for metaphysics and the philosophy of mind. For this reason Barry Maund provides an account of the major issues in the philosophy of perception that highlights the importance of a good theory of perception in a range of philosophical fields, while also seeking to be sensitive to the historical dimension of the subject. The work presents chapters on forms of natural realism; theories of perceptual experience; representationalism; the argument from illusion; phenomenological senses; types of perceptual content; the representationalist/intentionalist thesis; and adverbialist accounts of perceptual experience. The ideas of, among others, Austin, Dretske, Heidegger, Millikan, Putnam and Robinson are considered and the reader is given a philosophical framework within which to consider the issues.

Download or read book The Eye and the Mind written by C. Landesman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a discussion of some of the major philosophical problems centering around the topic of sense perception and the foundations of human knowledge. It begins with a characterization of our common sense understanding of the role of the senses in the acquisition of belief, and it argues that scientific accounts of the processes of perception undermine salient parts of this understanding. The naive point of view of direct realism cannot be sustained in the light of a scientifically instructed understanding of perception. This critique of direct realism points to the correctness of the representative theory of perception characteristic of such early modem philosophers as Descartes and Locke, and it also endorses the subjective tum that they defended. It argues that these positions do not require introducing sense data into the picture, and thus it avoids the intractable problems that the sense datum philosophy introduces. In addition, several versions of cognitive accounts of sense perception are criticized with the result that it is unnecessary to characterize sensory processes in intentional terms. The book then turns to a leading question introduced into modem philosophy by Descartes and Locke, the question of the accuracy of the information delivered by the senses to our faculty of belief. In particular, how accurate are our representations of the secondary qualities? The case of color is considered in detail.

Download or read book Perception written by Howard Robinson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-05-20 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Questions about perception remain some of the most difficult and insoluble in both epistemology and in the philosophy of mind. This controversial but highly accessible introduction to the area explores the philosophical importance of those questions by re-examining what had until recent times been the most popular theory of perception - the sense-datum theory. Howard Robinson surveys the history of the arguments for and against the theory from Descartes to Husserl. He then shows that the objections to the theory, particularly Wittgenstein's attack on privacy and those of the physicalists, have been unsuccessful. He argues that we should return to the theory sense-data in order to understand perception. In doing so he seeks to overturn a consensus that has dominated the philosophy of perception for nearly half a century.

Download or read book Perceptual Knowledge written by Georges Dicker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1980-10-31 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book grew out of the lectures that I prepared for my students in epis temology at SUNY College at Brockport beginning in 1974. The conception of the problem of perception and the interpretation of the sense-datum theory and its supporting arguments that are developed in Chapters One through Four originated in these lectures. The rest of the manuscript was first written during the 1975-1976 academic year, while I held an NEH Fellowship in Residence for College Teachers at Brown University, and during the ensuing summer, under a SUNY Faculty Research Fellowship. I wish to express my sincere gratitude to the National Endowment for the Humanities and to the Research Foundation of the State University of New York for their support of my research. I am grateful to many former students, colleagues, and friends for their stimulating, constructive comments and criticisms. Among the former stu dents whose reactions and objections were most helpful are Richard Motroni, Donald Callen, Hilary Porter, and Glenn Shaikun. Among my colleagues at Brockport, I wish to thank Kevin Donaghy and Jack Glickman for their comments and encouragement. I am indebted to Eli Hirsch for reading and commenting most helpfully on the entire manuscript, to Peter M. Brown for a useful correspondence concerning key arguments in Chapters Five and Seven, to Keith Lehrer for a criticism of one of my arguments that led me to make some important revisions, and to Roderick M.

Download or read book Cognition and Perception written by Athanassios Raftopoulos and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2009-07-17 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An argument that there are perceptual mechanisms that retrieve information in cognitively and conceptually unmediated ways and that this sheds light on various philosophical issues. In Cognition and Perception, Athanassios Raftopoulos discusses the cognitive penetrability of perception and claims that there is a part of visual processes (which he calls “perception”) that results in representational states with nonconceptual content; that is, a part that retrieves information from visual scenes in conceptually unmediated, “bottom-up,” theory-neutral ways. Raftopoulos applies this insight to problems in philosophy of science, philosophy of mind, and epistemology, and examines how we access the external world through our perception as well as what we can know of that world. To show that there is a theory-neutral part of existence, Raftopoulos turns to cognitive science and argues that there is substantial scientific evidence. He then claims that perception induces representational states with nonconceptual content and examines the nature of the nonconceptual content. The nonconceptual information retrieved, he argues, does not allow the identification or recognition of an object but only its individuation as a discrete persistent object with certain spatiotemporal properties and other features. Object individuation, however, suffices to determine the referents of perceptual demonstratives. Raftopoulos defends his account in the context of current discussions on the issue of the theory-ladenness of perception (namely the Fodor-Churchland debate), and then discusses the repercussions of his thesis for problems in the philosophy of science. Finally, Raftopoulos claims that there is a minimal form of realism that is defensible. This minimal realism holds that objects, their spatiotemporal properties, and such features as shape, orientation, and motion are real, mind-independent properties in the world.

Download or read book Perception Knowledge and Belief written by Fred I. Dretske and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-02-28 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part I. Knowledge: 1. Conclusive reasons 2. Epistemic operators 3. The pragmatic dimension of knowledge 4. The epistemology of belief 5. Two conceptions of knowledge: rational vs. reliable belief Part II. Perception and Experience: 6. Simple seeing 7. Conscious experience 8. Differences that make no difference 9. The mind's awareness of itself 10. What good is consciousness Part III. Thought and Intentionality: 11. Putting information to work 12. If you can't make one, you don't know how it works 13. The nature of thought 14. Norms and the constitution of the mental 15. Minds, machines, and money: what really explains behavior.

Download or read book Perception written by Don Locke and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a comprehensive collection of critical essays on The Taming of the Shrew, and includes extensive discussions of the play's various printed versions and its theatrical productions. Aspinall has included only those essays that offer the most influential and controversial arguments surrounding the play. The issues discussed include gender, authority, female autonomy and unruliness, courtship and marriage, language and speech, and performance and theatricality.

Download or read book Rationality in Perception in Medieval Philosophy written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-01-16 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How we come to know the external world has intrigued thinkers throughout the history of philosophy. Medieval philosophers understood that a theory of perception requires an account of the categorization of sensory information: to perceive things as being dangerous or beneficial and even as being individuals that belong to certain kinds (e.g., ‘this is a dog’). A key question is whether this requires the intervention of rational cognitive capacities, cooperating with sensory ones in normal instances of perception. The contributions to this volume investigate how thinkers from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries answer this and other related questions about human perception. Contributors are Fabrizio Amerini, Joël Biard, Véronique Decaix, Christian Kny, Lydia Schumacher, José Filipe Silva, and Jörg Alejandro Tellkamp.

Download or read book Public Perception of Climate Change written by Bjoern Hagen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the findings on global climate change presented by the scientific community, there remains a significant gap between its recommendations and the actions of the public and policy makers. So far scientists and the media have failed to successfully communicate the urgency of the climate change situation in such a way that long-term, comprehensive, and legally binding policy commitments are being made on the national and international level. This book examines the way the public processes information, how they perceive threats and other perceptual factors that have a significant effect on how and to what degree climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies are supported. Understanding public risk perception plays a vital role in communicating the challenges of global climate change. Using a diverse range of international case studies, this book explores the nature of public perceptions of climate change and identifies the perception factors which have a significant impact on the public’s willingness to support global climate change policies or commit to behavioral changes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve urban resiliency. The comparative study of social and cultural factors, beliefs, attitudes and trust provides an international overview of best practices regarding the design, implementation and generation of public support for climate change policies at a global level. Offering valuable insight into climate change and risk communication, the book should be of interest to students and scholars of environment studies, politics, urban planning, and media and cultural studies.

Download or read book The Relationship Between Perception of Cognitive Uncertainty Knowledge Importance Information Source Accessibility and Information Source Usefulness and Information Seeking Behavior written by Mohammed Zin Bin Nordin and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Psychophysics of Speech Perception written by M.E. Schouten and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The following is a passage from our application for NATO sponsorship: "In the main, the participants in this workshop on the Psychophysics of Speech Perception come from two areas of research: - one area is that of speech perception researc,h, in which the perception of speech sounds is investigated; - the other area is that of psychoacoustics, or auditory psychophysics, in which the perception of simple non-speech sounds, such as pure tones or noise bursts, is investigated, in order to determine the properties of the hearing mechanism. Al though there is widespread agreement among both speech researchers and auditory psychophysicists that there should be a great deal of co-operation between them, the two areas have, generally speaking, remained separate, each with its own research questions, paradigms, and above all, traditions. Psychoacousticians have, so far, continued to investigate the peripheral hearing organ by means of simple sounds, regarding the preoccupations of speech researchers as too many near-empty theories in need of a more solid factual base. Speech perception researchers, on the other hand, have continued to investigate the way human listeners classify vowels and consonants, claiming that psychoacoustics is not concerned with normal, everyday, human perception.

Download or read book Sensation and Perception written by Hugh J. Foley and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-08-14 with total page 1164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maintaining the strong pedagogy, abundant student-friendly examples, and engaging conversational style of the previous editions, the sixth edition of this introductory textbook makes technical scientific information accessible to those who are beginning to specialize in cognitive psychology. Sensation and Perception, Sixth Edition is newly available in a more affordable paperback version, making it ideal for undergraduate students. In this new edition Bates has built on Foley and Matlin’s core text to add updates focusing on multisensory integration, neural plasticity, and cognitive neuroscience, as well as real-world examples and practical applications of psychological phenomena. The sixth edition retains the clear organization of previous versions, covering a wide range of core topics, from skin senses such as touch to chemical senses such as taste and smell, to our complex visual and auditory sensory systems. This book is essential reading for undergraduates and postgraduates studying courses on sensation and perception.