Download or read book Pathogenic mechanism of porcine viral disease written by Mengmeng Zhao and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-09-30 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Swine virus diseases pose a significant threat to the pig industry due to their highly contagious nature and ability to cause immense harm. Once a pig is infected, the risk extends to the entire farm or even a larger area. In recent years, there has been an emergence and re-emergence of disease pathogens that have been able to overcome existing immune defense mechanisms through continuous recombination and evolution. As a result, current immune prevention and control measures have become ineffective. Notable examples of these diseases include African swine fever virus (ASFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV). These viruses constantly mutate under various selection pressures, including immunity within the host body and vaccine-induced immunity. Furthermore, with the increase in international trade, the spread of these viruses has become more rapid and extensive. Moreover, it is worth noting that similar virus strains originating from different regions have the potential to undergo recombination, resulting in the emergence of recombinant mutant strains. These mutant strains can pose a challenge to existing immune prevention and control measures, thereby adding complexity to the ongoing efforts in disease prevention and control.
Download or read book Polymicrobial Diseases written by Kim A. Brogden and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymicrobial diseases, those involving more than one etiologic agent, are more common than is generally realized and include respiratory diseases, gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, hepatitis, periodontal diseases, multiple sclerosis, genital infections, intra -- abdominal infections, and pertussis.
Download or read book Porcine Viruses written by Hovakim Zakaryan and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of the current knowledge written by prominent scientists.
Download or read book Emerging Swine Infectious Diseases written by Tao Lin and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-01-10 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As major threats to the global swine industry, swine infectious diseases caused significant economic losses and potential public health issues. During the past three decades, many swine infectious diseases emerged in the field, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and its novel isolates with distinct pathogenicity, high pathogenic variants of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and pseudorabies virus (PRV) and influenza viruses, which lead to tremendous economic losses worldwide. A few novel pathogens identified recently, such as Senecavirus A, atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV), PCV-3, PCV4, PDCoV, SADS-CoV, influenza D, constitute a new challenge. Although significant effects have been made to study these emerging infectious diseases, there are still gaps in many aspects, such as the pathogenesis mechanisms, structure and function of viral proteins, protective immunity, and viral evolution. For disease control, new approaches for prevention and treatment of infectious diseases are urgently required. To fill these gaps of knowledge, we encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in the below aspects: - Genomic structure and function - Virus-host interaction - Viral and/or host dependency for virulence and transmissibility of the disease - Antiviral countermeasures - Vaccine design - Disease control programs
Download or read book Insights of important mammalian viruses Infection pathogenesis and drugs written by Lingbao Kong and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-04-05 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Novel Pathogenic Mechanisms of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus written by Rui Guo and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes a tremendous economic loss in swine industry worldwide. The capabilities to evade host immune responses and to establish persistent infection are the two hallmark features of PRRSV infection. In this dissertation, the research was mainly focused on investigating the novel mechanisms underlying PRRSV transmission and persistence. In chapter 2, the research was focused on an alternative pathway of PRRSV intercellular transmission. Our data showed that intercellular nanotube connections can be utilized for cell-to-cell spreading the core infectious viral machinery (viral RNA, certain replicases and structural proteins) of PRRSV. Live-cell movies tracked the intercellular transport of a recombinant PRRSV that expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged nsp2 in a receptor-independent manner. The cytoskeleton proteins F-actin and myosin-IIA were identified as co-precipitates with PRRSV nanotube associated proteins. Drugs inhibiting actin polymerization or myosin-IIA activation prevented nanotube formations and viral clusters in virus-infected cells. These data lead us to propose that PRRSV utilizes the host cell cytoskeletal machinery inside nanotubes for efficient cell-to-cell spread. This form of virus transport represents an alternative pathway for virus spread, which is resistant to the host humoral immune response. In chapter 3, we further showed that PRRSV infection could induce the formation of nanotubes between infected and uninfected cells following a ROS-dependent nanotube formation model. Co-culturing PRRSV-infected cells with uninfected cells rescued PRRSV-induced cell death. Mitochondrion was observed transferring from uninfected to PRRSV-infected cells. Importantly, impaired formation of nanotube or defective mitochondrion was unable to rescue infected cells from apoptosis/necrosis. Certain PRRSV proteins were detected to associate with mitochondria and transport from infected to uninfected cells through TNTs. Our results suggest that TNTs-transfer of functional mitochondria rescued PRRSV-infected cells from apoptosis/necrosis in the early stage of infection. On the other hand, mitochondria could be utilized as a cargo to transport viral materials for spreading the infection. In chapter 4, a novel mechanism s of PRRSV persistent infection has been studied. In this study, a cellular model of persistent infection was established. Strand-specific quantitative RT-PCR and RNase I treatment analysis showed that double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) conformation existed in persistently infected cells. This data has been further confirmed in vivo by performing two independent PRRSV persistence studies. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that viral dsRNAs were detected aggregating inside the germinal centers of tonsils and lymph nodes from PRRSV persistence pigs, but RNA array analysis further showed that dsRNA in lymphoid tissues had limited ability to stimulate host antiviral responses during persistent infection stage. These results suggest that the PRRSV dsRNA functions as a mediator for viral persistence. The viral dsRNA persistence in germinal centers of lymphoid tissues may reveal a novel mechanism for PRRSV to escape antiviral immune responses. In summary, this study investigated two novel pathogenic mechanisms of PRRSV infection, which could provide insights on the development of effective control strategies.
Download or read book Classical Swine Fever and Related Viral Infections written by B. Liess and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of research on hog cholera (HC)/classical swine fever (CSF) can be roughly divided into three phases which are characterized by the methods available at the time for demonstrati ng the causati ve agent. Phase covered the period before the viral etiology of HC was discovered by de Schweinitz and Dorset (1904)*. Thereafter (Phase II) the detection of HC virus (HCV) was accomplished by laborious, time-consuming and costly pig inoculation experiments. This explains the extensive search for methods not only for detection but also for accurate infectivity titration as well as for applicable serological techniques to solve urgent problems concerning the pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemiology and prophylaxis of HC. It was not before the late fifties that HC research entered Phase III when fluorescent antibody techniques offered not only the means for detection and titration of HCV in porcine cell cultures but also for more intensive research on hog cholera and its virus. And yet, there are a number of questions to be answered, e. g. on the genetic and antigenic relation of HCV to bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus. There are indications that Phase IV of HC research will bear the stamp of biotechnology. In view of this development it appears appropriate to give an up-dating and summarizing account of HC/CSF including comparative aspects of infections caused by structurally related viruses. The editIon of the present volume would have been impossible without the cooperation of several known scientists who instantly agreed when asked for contribution.
Download or read book Swine Respiratory Disease written by Paolo Martelli and published by Grupo Asís Biomedia S.L.. This book was released on 2021-08-24T00:00:00+02:00 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to provide an updated overview on the most common pathogens responsible for porcine respiratory disease complex. The authors, all renowned and award-winning experts with a wide experience in respiratory diseases in pigs, have focused their efforts on gathering the latest information and data available on the topics covered while making the book as readable as possible.
Download or read book Host And Pathogen Mechanisms Underpinning Viral Ecology And Emerging Infections written by Declan C. Schroeder and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-02-24 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Emerging Swine Viruses written by Zhenhai Chen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-05-13 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Virologic and Pathogenic Characteristics of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Variants written by BongKyun Park and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trends in Emerging Viral Infections of Swine written by Antonio Morilla and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-02-08 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trends in Emerging Viral Infections of Swine includes sections on global trade, vaccination regimens against new and emerging viruses, epidemiology and control, as well as significant new outbreaks like the West Nile virus. A contributor to Diseases of Swine, 8th edition, Dr. Zimmerman has selected three additional editors with international expertise.
Download or read book Diseases of Swine written by Jeffrey J. Zimmerman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-06-18 with total page 1136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a fully revised Eleventh Edition of the definitive reference to swine health and disease Diseases of Swine has been the definitive reference on swine health and disease for over 60 years. This new edition has been completely revised to include the latest information, developments, and research in the field. Now with full color images throughout, this comprehensive and authoritative resource has been redesigned for improved consistency and readability, with a reorganized format for more intuitive access to information. Diseases of Swine covers a wide range of essential topics on swine production, health, and management, with contributions from more than 100 of the foremost international experts in the field. This revised edition makes the information easy to find and includes expanded information on welfare and behavior. A key reference for anyone involved in the swine industry, Diseases of Swine, Eleventh Edition: Presents a thorough revision to the gold-standard reference on pig health and disease Features full color images throughout the book Includes information on the most current advances in the field Provides comprehensive information on swine welfare and behavior Offers a reorganized format to make the information more accessible Written for veterinarians, academicians, students, and individuals and agencies responsible for swine health and public health, Diseases of Swine, Eleventh Edition is an essential guide to swine health. "The 11th edition of Diseases of Swine continues to serve as the gold-standard resource for anything and everything related to swine herd health...this edition does an outstanding job of keeping up with the advanced diagnostic technologies and the latest research on new or emerging diseases and syndromes...there is no other informational resource that comes close to providing the depth or quality of information on the topic of swine diseases as does this book"
Download or read book Pathogenesis of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus written by Kurt David Rossow and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Understanding and Combatting African Swine Fever written by Laura Iacolina and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent introduction and spread of African swine fever (ASF) into Europe and Asia has shown that an integrated, multidisciplinary effort is needed to tackle this disease and the complex challenges it poses. This book presents practical guidelines on surveillance for detection of ASF virus, how to prevent outbreaks in the domestic pig sector through biosecurity and cleaning and disinfection routines, including in backyard holdings, and how to control and eradicate this disease in wild boar. Information on pathological lesions and diagnostic practices are provided to support practitioners.
Download or read book How Pathogenic Viruses Work written by Lauren Sompayrac and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2002 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A clever, accessible overview that uses a survey of 12 of the most common viral infections, to teach the fundamental principles of human virology.
Download or read book African swine fever ASF detection and diagnosis written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-09-27 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the current worsening of the African swine fever situation worldwide, this field manual will be aimed to assist veterinarians in the prompt recognition and detection of the disease and the immediate control steps at farm level.
