Download or read book Partial Oxidation of Methane and Ethane Over Metal Oxide Catalysts written by Dingjun Wang and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Partial Oxidation of Methane and Ethane in the Presence of Catalysts written by Roy Soukup and published by . This book was released on 1928 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spatially Resolved Species and Temperature Profiles in the Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Methane and Ethane written by Nick Joseph Degenstein and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Methane Conversion by Oxidative Processes written by Wolf and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A reasonable case could be made that the scientific interest in catalytic oxidation was the basis for the recognition of the phenomenon of catalysis. Davy, in his attempt in 1817 to understand the science associated with the safety lamp he had invented a few years earlier, undertook a series of studies that led him to make the observation that a jet of gas, primarily methane, would cause a platinum wire to continue to glow even though the flame was extinguished and there was no visible flame. Dobereiner reported in 1823 the results of a similar investigation and observed that spongy platina would cause the ignition of a stream of hydrogen in air. Based on this observation Dobereiner invented the first lighter. His lighter employed hydrogen (generated from zinc and sulfuric acid) which passed over finely divided platinum and which ignited the gas. Thousands of these lighters were used over a number of years. Dobereiner refused to file a patent for his lighter, commenting that "I love science more than money." Davy thought the action of platinum was the result of heat while Dobereiner believed the ~ffect ~as a manifestation of electricity. Faraday became interested in the subject and published a paper on it in 1834; he concluded that the cause for this reaction was similar to other reactions.

Download or read book Natural Gas Conversion VI written by T.H. Fleisch and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-06-01 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains peer-reviewed manuscripts describing the scientific and technological advances presented at the 6th Natural Gas Conversion Sumposium held in Alaska in June 2001. This symposium continues the tradition of excellence and the status as the premier technical meeting in this area established by previous meetings. The 6th Natural Gas Conversion Symposium is conducted under the overall direction of the Organizing Committee. The Program Committee was responsible for the review, selection, editing of most of the manuscripts included in this volum. A standing International Advisory Board has ensured the effective long-term planning and the continuity and technical excellence of these meetings.

Download or read book Selective Methane Oxidation Over Promoted Oxide Catalysts Quarterly Technical Progress Report September 8 1992 November 30 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Support effects on catalytic reactions, especially of highly exothermic oxidation reactions, can be very significant. Since we had shown that a MoO3/SiO2 catalyst, especially when used in a double bed configuration with a Sr/La2O3 catalyst, can selectively oxidize methane to formaldehyde, the role of the SiO2 support was investigated. Therefore, partial oxidation of methane by oxygen to form formaldehyde, carbon oxides, and C2 products (ethane and ethene) has been studied over silica catalyst supports (fumed Cabosil and Grace 636 silica gel) in the 630-780°C temperature range under ambient pressure. When relatively high gas hourly space velocities (GHSV) were utilized, the silica catalysts exhibit high space time yields (at low conversions) for methane partial oxidation to formaldehyde, and the C2 hydrocarbons were found to be parallel products with formaldehyde. In general, the selectivities toward CO were high while those toward CO2 were low. Based on the present results obtained by a double catalyst bed experiment, the observations of product composition dependence on the variation of GHSV (i.e. gas residence time), and differences in apparent activation energies of formation of C2H6, and CH2O, a reaction mechanism is proposed for the activation of methane over the silica surface. This mechanism can explain the observed product distribution patterns (specifically the parallel formation of formaldehyde and C2 hydrocarbons).

Download or read book Methane and Alkane Conversion Chemistry written by M.M. Bhasin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural gas, an abundant natural energy and chemical resource, is underutilized. Its inherent high energy content is compromised by its volatility. Storage and transportation problems abound for liquified natural gas. Several of the drawbacks of the utilization of natural gas, particularly its high volatility, could be offset by development of an economical and efficient process for coupling and/or further homologation of its principal component, methane. Alternatively, other conversion strategies such as partial oxidation to methanol and syngas, to oxygenates or conversion to such products via the intermediacy of chlorides should also be considered. Given the energy-intensive regimes necessary for the likely activation of methane, it was inevitable that researchers would tum to the use of heterogeneous catalysts. Heterogeneous catalysis is now a relatively mature discipline with numerous and diverse reactions being explored alongside informative studies on surface characterization, mechanism, and theory. Relationships to important related areas such as homogeneous catalysis, organometallic chemistry, and inorganic chemistry have become firmly established within this discipline. The field of methane and alkane activation is now over ten years old. The first decade of investigation produced results plagued by low yields and low-moderate conversions with well-articulated mechanistic limitations. As we begin the second decade of inquiry, novel strategies have brought increasing yields and conversions to such products as ethane, ethylene, methanol, and formaldehyde. These new approaches utilize separation of products via membranes or adsorbents. Moreover, additional mechanistic insight has been forthcoming from theoretical and computational examination as well as experimental investigation.

Download or read book Metal Oxides in Heterogeneous Catalysis written by Jacques C. Vedrine and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-01-11 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal Oxides in Heterogeneous Catalysis is an overview of the past, present and future of heterogeneous catalysis using metal oxides catalysts. The book presents the historical, theoretical, and practical aspects of metal oxide-based heterogeneous catalysis. Metal Oxides in Heterogeneous Catalysis deals with fundamental information on heterogeneous catalysis, including reaction mechanisms and kinetics approaches.There is also a focus on the classification of metal oxides used as catalysts, preparation methods and touches on zeolites, mesoporous materials and Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in catalysis. It will touch on acid or base-type reactions, selective (partial) and total oxidation reactions, and enzymatic type reactions The book also touches heavily on the biomass applications of metal oxide catalysts and environmentally related/depollution reactions such as COVs elimination, DeNOx, and DeSOx. Finally, the book also deals with future trends and prospects in metal oxide-based heterogeneous catalysis. Presents case studies in each chapter that provide a focus on the industrial applications Includes fundamentals, key theories and practical applications of metal oxide-based heterogeneous catalysis in one comprehensive resource Edited, and contributed, by leading experts who provide perspectives on synthesis, characterization and applications

Download or read book Methane Conversion written by D.M. Bibby and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1988-03-01 with total page 759 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings volume comprises the invited plenary lectures, contributed and poster papers presented at a symposium organised to mark the successful inauguration of the world's first commercial plant for production of gasoline from natural gas, based on the Mobil methanol-to-gasoline process. The objectives of the Symposium were to present both fundamental research and engineering aspects of the development and commercialization of gas-to-gasoline processes. These include steam reforming, methanol synthesis and methanol-to-gasoline. Possible alternative processes e.g. MOGD, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of hydrocarbons, and the direct conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons were also considered.The papers in this volume provide a valuable and extremely wide-ranging overview of current research into the various options for natural gas conversion, giving a detailed description of the gas-to-gasoline process and plant. Together, they represent a unique combination of fundamental surface chemistry catalyst characterization, reaction chemistry and engineering scale-up and commercialization.

Download or read book Methane Conversion by Oxidative Processes written by Eduardo E. Wolf and published by Springer. This book was released on 1992 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A reasonable case could be made that the scientific interest in catalytic oxidation was the basis for the recognition of the phenomenon of catalysis. Davy, in his attempt in 1817 to understand the science associated with the safety lamp he had invented a few years earlier, undertook a series of studies that led him to make the observation that a jet of gas, primarily methane, would cause a platinum wire to continue to glow even though the flame was extinguished and there was no visible flame. Dobereiner reported in 1823 the results of a similar investigation and observed that spongy platina would cause the ignition of a stream of hydrogen in air. Based on this observation Dobereiner invented the first lighter. His lighter employed hydrogen (generated from zinc and sulfuric acid) which passed over finely divided platinum and which ignited the gas. Thousands of these lighters were used over a number of years. Dobereiner refused to file a patent for his lighter, commenting that "I love science more than money." Davy thought the action of platinum was the result of heat while Dobereiner believed the ~ffect ~as a manifestation of electricity. Faraday became interested in the subject and published a paper on it in 1834; he concluded that the cause for this reaction was similar to other reactions.

Download or read book Metal Oxide Nanofiber Catalysis written by Daniel Patrick Noon and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The synthesis of solids with finely turned nanostructures that offer superior catalytic performance is a major challenge in heterogeneous catalysis for gas phase reactions. Industrial catalysts are almost universally composed of quasi-spherical nanoparticles, or powders plagued with particle agglomeration, migration and sintering problems that lead to deactivation. In this work, quasi-cylindrical nanofibers are electrospun and extensively utilized for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM), as well as for propylene epoxidation and the catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) of methane. Electrospun nanofibers of metal oxides may be tuned to have high surface areas but typically possess no internal porosity, reducing diffusion limitations that would lengthen the exposure of target intermediate oxidation products to unselective catalysis. Additionally, experiments and density functional theory (DFT) studies have previously shown that pentagonal Ag nanowires exhibit higher selectivity than conventional particles in ethylene epoxidation since their surfaces are terminated mainly by the (100) surface facet rather than the lowest energy (111) facet that dominates particles. Hence, nanofibers may elevate catalytic performance in broad range of partial oxidation reaction schemes. Research into the oxidative coupling of methane, or, the catalytic conversion of methane to ethane and ethylene by molecular oxygen, almost exclusively utilized powders and failed to result in viable catalyst despite four decades of intense, global efforts. Accordingly, the use of catalytic nanofibers provides a potentially fruitful path towards a solution. Here, nanofiber fabrics of La2O3-CeO2 were electrospun and used in fixed bed OCM reactors to achieve 70% selectivity and 16% yield for C2+ hydrocarbons at a CH4/O2 feed ratio of 7 and remarkably low feed temperature of 470 ?C. Powders of La2O3-CeO2 documented in the literature exhibit similar selectivity and yield, but with the feed at 715 ?C. The electrospun fabrics used in this research were found to have dense nanofibers of diameters typically within the 20 - 200 nm range and, accordingly, surface areas of 10 - 20 m2/g as well as thinner fibers tending towards both higher C2+ selectivity and CH4 conversion. While performing reaction engineering studies using the aforementioned fabrics, it was found that designing reactors comprising dual catalytic La2O3-CeO2 fabric beds with inter-stage O2 injection and cooling pushes yields to 21%. Moreover, a novel in-situ microprobe sampling technique for acquiring spatial temperature and concentration profiles within these OCM reactors was developed, providing a means to formulate and validate detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms. This has led to the discovery of prompt H2 formation in OCM, a feature previously unidentified that may break ground in mechanism refinement. Additionally, spatial concentration and temperature profiles were acquired in fixed bed reactors comprising La2O3-CeO2 fabrics doped with varying levels of Ir and fed CH4/O2 mixtures to gain insight into the transition from OCM to the catalytic partial oxidation of methane. It was found that, in general, OCM and CPO appear to occur both in parallel and sequentially in a fixed bed, evidenced by the temporary rise and subsequent destruction of C2+ hydrocarbons when the catalyst is doped with 0.05 wt% Ir. Clearly, this sampling technique has broad applicability in catalysis research over a limitless number of reactions for the acquisition of comprehensive data sets potentially useful for formulating and refining detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms (DCKM), thus furthering a fundamental understanding of the catalysis and advancing faster towards the development of higher performing materials.

Download or read book Catalytic Reaction Synthesis for the Partial Oxidation of Methane to Formaldehyde written by Maria-Guadalupe Cardenas-Galindo and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Third World Congress on Oxidation Catalysis written by S.T. Oyama and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-09-12 with total page 1277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall theme of the 3rd World Congress is "Atom Efficient Catalytic Oxidations for Global Technologies". This theme was chosen to stimulate the participants to report their findings with an emphasis on conserving valuable material in their catalytic transformations, as well as conserving energy, in an environmentally responsible manner. Progress towards this stated goal is substantial as evidenced by the tremendous response of the community in their participation of quality publications complied in these Proceedings of the Congress. The subjects presented span a wide range of oxidation reactions and catalysts. These include the currently important area of lower alkane oxidation to the corresponding olefins, unsaturated aldehydes, acids and nitriles. The four featured lectures and seven plenary lectures constitute the general background and overview of the subject matter at hand. The 104 contributed papers and 13 poster manuscripts, summarized in this compendium, probe new avenues to achieve catalytically efficient oxidation reactions for the future needs of mankind in a global environment.

Download or read book Natural Gas Conversion V written by A. Parmaliana and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-09-17 with total page 1005 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On January 1988, the ascertained and economically accessible reserves of Natural Gas (NG) amounted to over 144,000 billion cubic meters worldwide, corresponding to 124 billion tons of oil equivalents (comparable with the liquid oil reserves, which are estimated to be 138 billion TOE). It is hypothesized that the volume of NG reserve will continue to grow at the same rate of the last decade. Forecasts on production indicate a potential increase from about 2,000 billion cubic meters in 1990 to not more than 3,300 billion cubic meters in 2010, even in a high economic development scenario. NG consumption represents only one half of oil: 1.9 billion TOE/y as compared to 3.5 of oil. Consequently, in the future gas will exceed oil as a carbon atom source. In the future the potential for getting energetic vectors or petrochemicals from NG will continue to grow. The topics covered in Natural Gas Conversion V reflect the large global R&D effort to look for new and economic ways of NG exploitation. These range from the direct conversion of methane and light paraffins to the indirect conversion through synthesis gas to fuels and chemicals. Particularly underlined and visible are the technologies already commercially viable. These proceedings prove that mature and technologically feasible processes for natural gas conversion are already available and that new and improved catalytic approaches are currently developing, the validity and feasibility of which will soon be documented. This is an exciting area of modern catalysis, which will certainly open novel and rewarding perspectives for the chemical, energy and petrochemical industries.

Download or read book Electrodeposited Transition Metal Oxides as Electrocatalysts for Methane Partial Oxidation written by Yu-Chao Huang and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conversion of methane to valuable chemicals via electrochemical approaches is of great interest in the field of catalysis. Conventional catalytic processes utilize extreme conditions (high temperatures or pressures) to provide the energy required to achieve methane activation and require sophisticated heat integration networks to be economically viable. In contrast, catalytic processes via electrification or electrocatalysis offers direct routes of methane activation under ambient conditions, with lower energy requirements and simplified configurations. However, electrochemical oxidation of methane using current electrocatalysts remains challenging due to low energy efficiencies and a seemingly unavoidable trade-off between conversion and selectivity. In this regard, many research efforts have been devoted to the development of efficient and selective electrocatalysts for the activating and transformation of methane into valuable chemicals. Over the last decade, researchers have shown that composite transition metal oxides such as NiO/ZrO2 and Co3O4/ZrO2 can catalyze the electrochemical partial oxidation of methane to value-added chemicals such as methanol, ethanol, and propanol in a carbonate electrolyte. Chemical co-precipitation has been utilized predominantly for the preparation of metal oxide catalysts which involves multiple steps such as centrifugation, collection, drying, and annealing, and result in oxide materials with poor conductivity which are not amenable to electrocatalysis. In this work, a one-step electrodeposition method has been developed for the preparation of CoZrOx electrocatalysts. The electrodeposited CoZrOx material was found to be an active electrocatalyst for the partial oxidation of methane with a simple fabrication method. Furthermore, different electrodeposited unary transition metal oxides (CoOx, NiOx, MnOx, FeOx, and CuOx) were prepared through the same electrodeposition method, and were also studied for the electrochemical oxidation of methane. CoOx, NiOx, CuOx, and the CoZrOx electrocatalysts have been discovered to catalyze the conversion of methane to methanol. The preliminary results in this work demonstrate an additional approach among the available strategies for catalyst fabrication and may provide an efficient strategy of catalyst preparation for further studies of the electrochemical oxidation of methane under ambient conditions.

Download or read book Handbook Of Advanced Methods And Processes In Oxidation Catalysis From Laboratory To Industry written by Daniel Duprez and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014-07-24 with total page 1035 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive overview of the most recent developments in both total oxidation and combustion and also in selective oxidation. For each topic, fundamental aspects are paralleled with industrial applications. The book covers oxidation catalysis, one of the major areas of industrial chemistry, outlining recent achievements, current challenges and future opportunities. One distinguishing feature of the book is the selection of arguments which are emblematic of current trends in the chemical industry, such as miniaturization, use of alternative, greener oxidants, and innovative systems for pollutant abatement. Topics outlined are described in terms of both catalyst and reaction chemistry, and also reactor and process technology.

Download or read book Natural Gas Conversion written by A. Holmen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1991-05-27 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings reflect the extensive fundamental and applied research efforts that are currently being made on the conversion of gas, in particular on the direct conversion of methane. The Symposium in Oslo focused on the following topics: Direct conversion of methane, Fischer-Tropsch chemistry, methanol conversion and natural gas conversion processes. The main aim was to present the state-of-the-art and progress currently being made within each of these areas. The book contains the papers presented and includes plenary lectures, short communications and posters. The papers will be of interest to scientists and engineers working in the field of gas conversion, transportation fuels, primary petrochemicals and catalysis.