Download or read book Palladium Catalyzed Oxidative Couplings and Applications to the Synthesis of Macrocycles and Strained Cyclic Dienes written by Byron Boon and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The palladium(II)-catalyzed oxidative macrocyclization of bis(vinylboronate esters) is demonstrated as an efficient method for the synthesis of macrocyclic dienes. The macrocyclization reactions feature mild conditions due to a palladium(II) catalytic cycle which obviates the need for a high energy oxidative addition step of standard palladium(0) catalytic cycles. Instead, this oxidative coupling is promoted by chloroacetone as a terminal re-oxidant in the catalytic cycle. An extension of the oxidative coupling/macrocyclization strategy is highlighted where molecular oxygen may be used in place of chloroacetone as the terminal re-oxidant. Homocoupling reactions of vinylboronate esters served as a template to screen reaction conditions for this method. From these experiments, multiple reaction conditions gave the oxidative homocoupling product in high yield. These reaction conditions were successfully applied to the oxidative macrocyclization of a bis(vinylboronate ester) using molecular oxygen as a re-oxidant. Syntheses of strained cyclic dienes were accomplished via the palladium(II)-catalyzed oxidative cyclizations of terminal bis(vinylboronate esters). The reactions generated strained (E,E)-1,3-dienes that underwent spontaneous 4 -electrocyclizations to form bicyclic cyclobutenes. Formation of the cyclobutenes is driven by strain in the medium-ring (E,E)-1,3-diene intermediates. Thermal ring openings of the cyclobutenes give (Z,Z)-1,3-diene products, again for thermodynamic reasons. These results are in contrast with typical acyclic trans-3,4-dialkyl cyclobutenes, which favor outward torquoselective ring-openings to give (E,E)-1,3-dienes. DFT calculations verified the thermodynamic versus kinetic control of the reactions and kinetic studies are in excellent agreement with the calculated energy changes. Investigations on the transannular Pauson-Khand reaction are also highlighted. The Pauson-Khand reaction is a powerful tool for the synthesis of cyclopentenones through the efficient [2+2+1] cycloaddition of dicobalt alkyne complexes with alkenes. While intermolecular and intramolecular variants are widely known, transannular versions of this reaction are unknown and the basis of this study. Our successful transannular Pauson-Khand reaction required a cyclic enyne incorporating one short three-membered linker chain and a rigid aryl linker in the backbone of the long linker chain. This rigidity of the aryl linker is proposed to facilitate the transannular [2+2+1] cyclization. Computational studies revealed that transannular Pauson-Khand reactions are thermodynamically favored for cyclic enynes featuring a long linker of at least 5 carbons, but with smaller chains the reactions are thermodynamically disfavored. Experimental studies show that long linking chains with more than 5 members are required to prevent to steric interactions between the dicobalt hexacarbonyl moiety and the linking chain to allow the reaction to be kinetically favored. The final part of this work highlights progress towards the total synthesis of (+)-kingianin A. This natural product was isolated as a racemic mixture from the bark of Endiandra kingiana and is an inhibitor of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-Xl, highlighting its potential use in cancer treatments. Its structure is proposed to arise from an intermolecular Diels-Alder dimerization reaction of bicyclo[4.2.0]octadiene fragments derived from an 8 /6 -electrocyclization cascade. Although two total syntheses of (i )-kingianin A have been reported, an enantioselective synthesis has not been achieved and is the purpose of this study. This synthetic route begins from L-(+)-dimethyl tartrate, a cheap and commercially available starting material, and aims to follow a biomimetic synthetic pathway featuring a substrate controlled diastereoselective palladium(II)-catalyzed oxidative cyclization and 8 /6 -electrocyclization cascade. Although the feasibility of this cascade pathway has not yet been realized, key synthetic transformations to install the requisite carbocyclic framework of (+)-kingianin A have been discovered, paving the way for future investigations on the palladium(II)-catalyzed coupling/electrocyclization cascade and completion of the synthesis.
Download or read book Palladium Catalyzed Coupling Reactions written by Árpád Molnár and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-14 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook and ready reference brings together all significant issues of practical importance in selected topics discussing recent significant achievements for interested readers in one single volume. While covering homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, the text is unique in focusing on such important aspects as using different reaction media, microwave techniques or catalyst recycling. It also provides a comprehensive treatment of key issues of modern-day coupling reactions having emerged and matured in recent years and emphasizes those topics that show potential for future development, such as continuous flow systems, water as a reaction medium, and catalyst immobilization, among others. With its inclusion of large-scale applications in the pharmaceutical industry, this will equally be of great interest to industrial chemists. From the contents * Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions - A General Introduction * High-turnover Heterogeneous Palladium Catalysts in Coupling Reactions: the Case of Pd Loaded on Dealuminated Y Zeolites Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions with Magnetically Separable Nanocatalysts * The Use of Ordered Porous Solids as Support Materials in Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions * Coupling Reactions Induced by Polymer-Supported Catalysts * Coupling Reactions in Ionic Liquids * Cross-Coupling Reactions in Aqueous Media * Microwave-Assisted Synthesis in C-C and C-Heteroatom Coupling Reactions * Catalyst Recycling in Palladium-Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Coupling Reactions * Nature of the True Catalytic Species in Carbon-Carbon Coupling Reactions with * Heterogeneous Palladium Precatalysts * Coupling Reactions in Continuous Flow Systems * Large-Scale Applications of Palladium-Catalyzed Couplings in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Download or read book Palladium Catalyzed Oxidation of Hydrocarbons written by P. Henry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of organometallic chemistry has emerged over the last twenty-five years or so to become one of the most important areas of chemistry, and there are no signs of abatement in the intense current interest in the subject, particularly in terms of its proven and potential application in catalytic reactions involving hydrocarbons. The development of the organometallic/ catalysis area has resulted in no small way from many contributions from researchers investigating palladium systems. Even to the well-initiated, there seems a bewildering and diverse variety of organic reactions that are promoted by palladium(II) salts and complexes. Such homogeneous reactions include oxidative and nonoxidative coupling of substrates such as olefins, dienes, acetylenes, and aromatics; and various isomerization, disproportionation, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, car bonylation and decarbonylation reactions, as well as reactions involving formation of bonds between carbon and halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and silicon. The books by Peter M. Maitlis - The Organic Chemistry of Palladium, Volumes I, II, Academic Press, 1971 - serve to classify and identify the wide variety of reactions, and access to the vast literature is available through these volumes and more recent reviews, including those of J. Tsuji [Accounts Chem. Res. , 6, 8 (1973); Adv. in Organometal. , 17, 141 (1979)], R. F. Heck [Adv. in Catat. , 26, 323 (1977)], and ones by Henry [Accounts Chem. Res. , 6, 16 (1973); Adv. in Organometal. , 13, 363 (1975)]. F. R. Hartley's book - The Chemistry of Platinum and Palladium, App!. Sci. Pub!.
Download or read book Palladium Assisted Synthesis of Heterocycles written by Navjeet Kaur and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-05-01 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compilation of the recent applications of palladium catalysts in organic synthesis. The book demonstrates that it is a highly dynamic research field. This methodology has emerged as a powerful tool for the efficient and chemoselective synthesis of heterocyclic molecules. In the past few years, several strategies have been pointed out to pursue more efficient, sustainable, and environment friendly chemical processes. Among those strategies, catalysis and the design of new processes that avoid the use of toxic reagents have been the focus of intense research.
Download or read book Palladium catalyzed C N Cross coupling Reactions Toward the Synthesis of Drug like Molecules written by Camille Z. McAvoy and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of methodologies for C-N bond formation reactions is an important scientific challenge because of many academic and industrial applications. This work will focus particularly on palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings of amine-containing compounds with aryl halides. The scope of the BrettPhos precatalyst for the cross-coupling of ortho-substituted aryl iodides with amides is studied using substrates with a variety of functional groups. Due to potential metal-chelating issues with some of the substrates used in this study, a proposed ligand synthesis is discussed in which one of the methoxy groups of BrettPhos is replaced with a morpholine capable of occupying palladium's open coordination site during its catalytic cycle. A final C-N bond formation study focuses on the cross-coupling of aryl halides with amidine salts. For this cross-coupling, a methodology has been developed that can be applied to various electron-rich, electron-poor, and electron-neutral substrates. Furthermore, the products of this cross-coupling can be used for a subsequent electrocyclization through a reaction with aldehyde, demonstrating that a relatively simple two-pot methodology can be used to make relatively complex substrates with pharmaceutical applications. Both amides and amidines are common moieties in drug-like molecules because of the various biological activities of these functional groups. Potential medicinal applications of the developed cross-coupling of amidine salts with aryl halides methodology are described. Thus, methodologies for various palladium-catalyzed, C-N cross-couplings as well as a potential ligand synthesis to be used for palladium catalysis are herein discussed.
Download or read book Palladium catalyzed Asymmetric Trimethylenemethane Cycloaddition written by Dustin Anthony Bringley and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cycloadditions are among the most powerful reactions in organic chemistry due to their ability to rapidly build molecular complexity from simple, readily available precursors. In 1979, the Trost group described a novel method for the synthesis of cyclopentane rings by the in situ generation and subsequent [3+2] dipolar cycloaddition of palladium-bound trimethylenemethane (TMM). The method has proven to be a powerful approach for the synthesis of five-membered rings, including tetrahydrofurans and pyrrolidines, as well as larger rings sizes via [4+3] and [6+3] cycloaddition. In 2006, the Trost group demonstrated for the first time a general asymmetric protocol by employing phosphoramidites bearing cyclic amines as the chiral ligands. Using these ligands, highly enantioselective cycloadditions with electron-deficient olefins and imines were described. Herein, we describe the successful extension of the asymmetric methodology to include reactions with carbonyl groups and nitroalkenes, allowing for the synthesis of tetrahydrofurans and nitrocyclopentanes, respectively, with good to excellent enantioselectivity. For reactions with carbonyl groups, the development of novel C1-symmetric phosphoramidites was critical, and the optimized ligand was derived from a BINOL bearing a fused furan. The evolution of the ligand design will be discussed, beginning with the initial discovery that phosphoramidites with mono-substituted BINOL derivatives gave improved selectivity. In addition, since these phosphoramidites are chiral at phosphorus, the impact of this chirality on the TMM reaction is explored. The use of the optimized ligand allowed for reactions with both aromatic aldehydes and ketones. In addition, the asymmetric conditions did not require a Lewis acid co-catalyst, in contrast to the achiral ligands that had been previously investigated. For reactions with nitroalkenes, both [beta]-substituted and [beta], [beta]-disubstituted nitroalkenes could be employed as acceptors, where the use of the latter allowed for the synthesis of nitrocyclopentanes bearing a quaternary stereocenter. The nitrocyclopentane products were demonstrated to be versatile synthetic precursors, capable of undergoing further alkylation with excellent diastereoselectivity or converted to cyclopentylamines and cyclopentenones with little to no racemization. In one example, the asymmetric cycloaddition constitutes a formal synthesis of (+)-cephalotaxine. Finally, substituted TMM donors were explored and the use of a cyano donor was found to proceed with nearly perfect levels of selectivity and yield. Finally, the asymmetric TMM cycloaddition using a cyano-substituted donor was applied to the synthesis of ( - )-marcfortine C. Notably, the reaction proceeds in nearly quantitative yield with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity, and the resulting chiral center was used to establish all remaining stereocenters in the natural product. Additional highlights include a direct allylic oxidation of the exocyclic olefin, a diastereoselective intramolecular Michael addition, and an oxidative radical cyclization. Using this route, ( - )-marcfortine C was prepared in 16 steps and 2.4% overall yield.
Download or read book Handbook of Organopalladium Chemistry for Organic Synthesis written by Ei-ichi Negishi and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 2003-11-24 with total page 3424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organized to provide maximum utility to the bench synthetic chemist. The editor is well-known for his work in exploring, developing, and applying organopalladium chemistry. Contributors include over 24 world authorities in the field.
Download or read book Palladium catalyzed C N Cross coupling and Application to the Synthesis of Delayed Singlet Emitters for OLED Development written by Mingjuan Su and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The studies in the present dissertation were aimed at developing and applying synthetic methods mediated by palladium catalysis. In Chapters 1 and 2, the palladium-catalyzed amidation and amination of five-membered heterocyclic bromides containing multiple heteroatoms are described. These methods provide efficient access to N-arylated imidazoles and pyrazoles in moderate to excellent yields. In Chapter 3, a series of novel triptycene-based compounds were synthesized using a palladium-catalyzed C-N, C-C, C-N cross-coupling sequence. Experimental results suggest that this series of compounds could potentially be used as delayed singlet emitters for organic light emitting devices. Chapter 1. Palladium-Catalyzed Amidation of Five-Membered Heterocyclic Bromides Palladium-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling between primary amides and five-membered heterocyclic bromides that contain multiple heteroatoms was achieved for the first time using the Pd/AdBrettPhos catalyst system. This system allows for efficient access to Narylated imidazoles, pyrazoles, thiazoles, pyrroles, and thiophenes in moderate to excellent yield. Experimental results and DFT calculations point to the need for electronrich and especially sterically demanding biaryl dialkylphosphine ligands to promote these difficult cross-coupling reactions. The same protocol was also extended to forming tertiary amides from secondary amides and five-membered heterocyclic bromides. Preliminary studies showed promising results using a Pd/AdRockPhos catalyst system. Chapter 2. Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of Unprotected Five-Membered Heterocyclic Bromides An efficient method for the palladium-catalyzed amination of unprotected bromoimidazoles and bromopyrazoles is presented. The transformation is facilitated by the use of our newly developed Pd-precatalyst based on the bulky biarylphosphine ligand, tBuBrettPhos. The mild reaction conditions employed allow for the preparation of a broad scope of aminoimidazoles and aminopyrazoles in moderate to excellent yields. Chapter 3. Synthesis of Delayed Singlet Emitters for OLED Development The development of novel thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials for use in organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) is reported. A series of triptycenebased delayed singlet emitters have been synthesized using a palladium-catalyzed C-N, C-C, C-N cross-coupling sequence. Preliminary investigations have demonstrated that these compounds could serve as delayed singlet emitters at a range of wavelengths from orange to blue, which is highly desirable for organic electronics applications.
Download or read book Palladium catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of Acid Chorides and Use in Multicomponent Coupling Reactions written by Jeffrey Quesnel and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl halides has proven to be a powerful method for the synthesis of carbonyl-containing compounds. This thesis describes a unique way of performing palladium-catalyzed carbonylations: through the generation of acid chlorides as products and as reactive intermediates.Chapter 2 describes the application of palladium-catalyzed aryl iodide carbonylation to the five-component synthesis of imidazolinium carboxylates. This reaction involves the coupling of the palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl halides with the cyclocarbonylation of [alpha]-chloroamides, and provides an efficient route to generate imidazolinium salts from aryl iodides, imines, and carbon monoxide. A variety of imidazolinium products can be synthesized, including those whose derivatives are relevant to pharmacologically active compounds. Subsequent deprotection and aromitization can then lead to triaryl-substituted imidazoles.In Chapter 3, we report a new approach to acid chloride synthesis via the palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl iodides. The combination of sterically encumbered phosphines (PtBu3) and CO coordination has been found to facilitate the rapid carbonylation of aryl iodides into acid chlorides via reductive elimination from (tBu3P)(CO)Pd(COAr)Cl. The formation of acid chlorides can also be exploited to perform traditional aminocarbonylation reactions under exceptionally mild conditions (ambient temperature and pressure), and with a range of weakly nucleophilic substrates.Chapter 4 describes the adaptation of this acid chloride synthesis to include less reactive aryl bromide coupling partners. Interestingly, the same PtBu3 ligand found to be most efficient for acid chloride synthesis from aryl iodides also proved best for aryl bromide chlorocarbonylation, suggesting the unusual ability of this ligand to efficiently mediate both oxidative addition and reductive elimination reactions. Mechanistic studies show that the palladium coordination environment is an important aspect of the key C-Cl reductive elimination step. In contrast to smaller phosphine ligands, the bulky PtBu3 leads to the in situ formation of a three coordinate (tBu3P)(CO)Pd(COAr)Cl complexes, which can readily coordinate CO to facilitate reductive elimination. Trapping of in situ generated acid chlorides with simple hydrazine allows, for the first time, the efficient synthesis of unsubstituted aroyl hydrazides via a palladium-catalyzed carbonylation reaction.In Chapter 5, we describe density functional theory (DFT) study of the mechanism for the palladium/PtBu3 catalyzed chlorocarbonylation of aryl iodides into acid chlorides. The results demonstrate a synergistic effect of CO and phosphine ligands on oxidative addition and reductive elimination chemistry of aryl/aroyl halides, consistent with what has been noted in experiments. The reductive elimination of PhCOCl from the four-coordinate PhCOPd(PtBu3)Cl(CO) complex is found to proceed via a surprisingly low energy pathway, and is facilitated by the coordination of CO to the three-coordinate PhCOPd(PtBu3)Cl. Examination of a series of PhCOPd(PR3)Cl(CO) complexes (R = Me, Et, iPr, tBu) shows that while most phosphines generate relatively stable four-coordinate complexes, the tertiary steric bulk of PtBu3 destabilizes this complex by steric clashing with the cis-CO ligand. This significantly lowers the barrier to acid choride reductive elimination, and makes this step thermodynamically favourable.Chapter 6 presents an alternative to the catalytic acid chloride chemistry discussed in Chapters 3 and 4, where instead 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) is shown to couple with aryl halides and carbon monoxide to form isolable and highly electrophilic aroyl-DMAP salts. The reaction is easily scalable to prepare multigram quantities of product with low catalyst loadings, while the precipitation of these salts as they form leads to products with low impurities. " --
Download or read book Palladium catalyzed C N and C O Cross coupling Reactions written by Paula Ruiz-Castillo and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter 1: This chapter describes a general method for the of the Pd-catalyzed N-arylation of hindered [alpha],[alpha],[alpha]-trisubstituted primary amines. The reaction utilized catalysts based on two biaryl phosphine ligands, which were developed via kinetics-based mechanistic analysis and rational design. These studies led to the first example of catalyst based on a hybrid (alkyl)aryl biaryl phosphine ligand that provides better results that its dialkyl- or diarylbiaryl analogues. The C-N coupling was efficient for a wide range of (hetero)aryl chlorides and bromides under mild conditions. Chapter 2: This chapter relates the development of the Pd-catalyzed C-O coupling of primary alkyl alcohols. The reaction of primary aliphatic alcohols bearing [beta]-hydrogen atoms can lead to undesired [beta]-hydride elimination pathways instead of the target reductive elimination from the [LPd(Ar)OAlk] intermediate, especially when using electron-rich aryl halides. Additionally, aryl chlorides have been shown to be more challenging coupling partners than the corresponding aryl bromides. The use of catalysts based on commercially available ligand t-BuBrettPhos and a novel hybrid ligand, AdCyBrettPhos, have allowed the C-O coupling reaction to proceed effectively at room temperature, minimizing the side reaction. A variety of functionalized primary alcohols have been successfully coupled with (hetero)aryl bromides and chlorides giving rise to medicinally interesting products. Chapter 3: This chapter is a compilation of the applications of Pd-catalyzed C-N coupling in various fields of chemical research since 2008. This work includes the reactions of nine classes of nitrogen-based coupling partners in the 1) synthesis of heterocycles, 2) medicinal chemistry, 3) process chemistry, 4) synthesis of natural products, 5) organic materials and chemical biology, and 6) synthesis of ligands. The large number of applications highlights the versatility and utility of this transformation both in academic and industrial settings.
Download or read book Development and Application of Palladium catalyzed Carbon nitrogen Bond Forming Reactions written by Seble-Hiwot Teshome Wagaw and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Organic Reaction Mechanisms 2017 written by A. C. Knipe and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-07-20 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic Reaction Mechanisms 2017, the 53rd annual volume in this highly successful and unique series, surveys research on organic reaction mechanisms described in the available literature dated 2017. The following classes of organic reaction mechanisms are comprehensively reviewed: • Reaction of Aldehydes and Ketones and their Derivatives • Reactions of Carboxylic, Phosphoric, and Sulfonic Acids and their Derivatives • Oxidation and Reduction • Carbenes and Nitrenes • Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution • Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution • Carbocations • Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution • Carbanions and Electrophilic Aliphatic Substitution • Elimination Reactions • Polar Addition Reactions • Cycloaddition Reactions • Molecular Rearrangements An experienced team of authors compile these reviews every year, so that the reader can rely on a continuing quality of selection and presentation.
Download or read book Comprehensive Organic Synthesis written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-02-14 with total page 9815 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Comprehensive Organic Synthesis—winner of the 2015 PROSE Award for Multivolume Reference/Science from the Association of American Publishers—builds upon the highly respected first edition in drawing together the new common themes that underlie the many disparate areas of organic chemistry. These themes support effective and efficient synthetic strategies, thus providing a comprehensive overview of this important discipline. Fully revised and updated, this new set forms an essential reference work for all those seeking information on the solution of synthetic problems, whether they are experienced practitioners or chemists whose major interests lie outside organic synthesis. In addition, synthetic chemists requiring the essential facts in new areas, as well as students completely new to the field, will find Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, Second Edition, Nine Volume Set an invaluable source, providing an authoritative overview of core concepts. Winner of the 2015 PROSE Award for Multivolume Reference/Science from the Association of American Publishers Contains more than170 articles across nine volumes, including detailed analysis of core topics such as bonds, oxidation, and reduction Includes more than10,000 schemes and images Fully revised and updated; important growth areas—including combinatorial chemistry, new technological, industrial, and green chemistry developments—are covered extensively
Download or read book Applications of Transition Metal Catalysis in Drug Discovery and Development written by Matthew L. Crawley and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-05-14 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the drug discovery and development applications of transition metal catalyzed processes, which can efficiently create preclinical and clinical drug candidates as well as marketed drugs. The authors pay particular attention to the challenges of transitioning academically-developed reactions into scalable industrial processes. Additionally, the book lays the groundwork for how continued development of transition metal catalyzed processes can deliver new drug candidates. This work provides a unique perspective on the applications of transition metal catalysis in drug discovery and development – it is a guide, a historical prospective, a practical compendium, and a source of future direction for the field.
Download or read book Macrocycles in Drug Discovery written by Jeremy I Levin and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series provides a comprehensive resource for postgraduate students and for scientists in academia or industry wanting to learn topics outside their own areas of expertise.
Download or read book Natural Product Biosynthesis written by Christopher T. Walsh and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-04-28 with total page 787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook describes the types of natural products, the biosynthetic pathways that enable the production of these molecules, and an update on the discovery of novel products in the post-genomic era.
Download or read book Side Reactions in Organic Synthesis written by Florencio Zaragoza Dörwald and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most syntheses in the chemical research laboratory fail and usually require several attempts before proceeding satisfactorily. Failed syntheses are not only discouraging and frustrating, but also cost a lot of time and money. Many failures may, however, be avoided by understanding the structure-reactivity relationship of organic compounds. This textbook highlights the competing processes and limitations of the most important reactions used in organic synthesis. By allowing chemists to quickly recognize potential problems this book will help to improve their efficiency and success-rate. A must for every graduate student but also for every chemist in industry and academia. Contents: 1 Organic Synthesis: General Remarks 2 Stereoelectronic Effects and Reactivity 3 The Stability of Organic Compounds 4 Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitutions: Problematic Electrophiles 5 The Alkylation of Carbanions 6 The Alkylation of Heteroatoms 7 The Acylation of Heteroatoms 8 Palladium-Catalyzed C-C Bond Formation 9 Cyclizations 10 Monofunctionalization of Symmetric Difunctional Substrates
