Download or read book Palladium catalyzed Carbonylative and Decarbonylative Transformations for the Synthesis of Reactive Electrophiles and Heterocycles written by Maximiliano De La Higuera Macias and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The palladium catalyzed carbonylation of aryl halides can provide a useful method to synthesize carbonyl containing products. This thesis describes the development of two new variants of such reactions that offer efficient routes to generate either reactive electrophiles or heterocycles. These reactions can be performed using commercially available reagents, which include aryl iodides, imines, acid chlorides and carbon monoxide. Chapter 2 describes the development of a new method to utilize palladium catalysis to generate reactive acid chloride electrophiles. This transformation occurs via the metathesis of covalent [sigma]-bonds between Ar-X fragments, and demonstrates the dynamic nature of palladium-based oxidative addition/reductive elimination. Overall, this opens a route to synthesize acid chlorides without the use of high energy corrosive or toxic reagents, and instead from exchange with other acid chlorides. Coupling the in-situ formation of acid chlorides with nucleophiles allows the efficient synthesis of a number of carbonyl containing compounds. Chapter 3 describes the development of a new palladium catalyzed multicomponent synthesis of spirocyclic-[beta]-lactams. This reaction proceeds via two tandem catalytic carbonylation reactions, where a single palladium catalyst mediates the formation of acid chlorides, [alpha]-chloroamides and ketenes as intermediates. Subsequent trapping of the ketene by [2+2] cycloaddition reactions furnishes the polysubstituted product. The transformation provides a route to generate a number of spirocyclic-[beta]-lactams from imine-tethered aryl iodides, imines and CO." --

Download or read book Palladium catalyzed Decarboxylative and Decarbonylative Transformations in the Synthesis of Fine and Commodity Chemicals written by Yiyang Liu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decarboxylation and decarbonylation are important reactions in synthetic organic chemistry, transforming readily available carboxylic acids and their derivatives into various products through loss of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide. In the past few decades, palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative and decarbonylative reactions experienced tremendous growth due to the excellent catalytic activity of palladium. Development of new reactions in this category for fine and commodity chemical synthesis continues to draw attention from the chemistry community. The Stoltz laboratory has established a palladium-catalyzed enantioselective decarboxylative allylic alkylation of beta-keto esters for the synthesis of alpha-quaternary ketones since 2005. Recently, we extended this chemistry to lactams due to the ubiquity and importance of nitrogen-containing heterocycles. A wide variety of alpha-quaternary and tetrasubstituted alpha-tertiary lactams were obtained in excellent yields and exceptional enantioselectivities using our palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylic alkylation chemistry. Enantioenriched alpha-quaternary carbonyl compounds are versatile building blocks that can be further elaborated to intercept synthetic intermediates en route to many classical natural products. Thus our chemistry enables catalytic asymmetric formal synthesis of these complex molecules. In addition to fine chemicals, we became interested in commodity chemical synthesis using renewable feedstocks. In collaboration with the Grubbs group, we developed a palladium-catalyzed decarbonylative dehydration reaction that converts abundant and inexpensive fatty acids into value-added linear alpha olefins. The chemistry proceeds under relatively mild conditions, requires very low catalyst loading, tolerates a variety of functional groups, and is easily performed on a large scale. An additional advantage of this chemistry is that it provides access to expensive odd-numbered alpha olefins. Finally, combining features of both projects, we applied a small-scale decarbonylative dehydration reaction to the synthesis of alpha-vinyl carbonyl compounds. Direct alpha-vinylation is challenging, and asymmetric vinylations are rare. Taking advantage of our decarbonylative dehydration chemistry, we were able to transform enantioenriched delta-oxocarboxylic acids into quaternary alpha-vinyl carbonyl compounds in good yields with complete retention of stereochemistry. Our explorations culminated in the catalytic enantioselective total synthesis of ( - )-aspewentin B, a terpenoid natural product featuring a quaternary alpha-vinyl ketone. Both decarboxylative and decarbonylative chemistries found application in the late stage of the total synthesis.

Download or read book Palladium and Nickel Catalyzed Transformations Forming Functionalized Heterocycles written by Hyung Yoon and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-02 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents Pd- and Ni-catalyzed transformations generating functionalized heterocycles. Transition metal catalysis is at the forefront of synthetic organic chemistry since it offers new and powerful methods to forge carbon–carbon bonds in high atom- and step-economy. In Chapter 1, the author describes a Pd- and Ni-catalyzed cycloisomerization of aryl iodides to alkyl iodides, known as carboiodination. In the context of the Pd-catalyzed variant, the chapter explores the production of enantioenriched carboxamides through diastereoselective Pd-catalyzed carboiodination. It then discusses Ni-catalyzed reactions to generate oxindoles and an enantioselective variant employing a dual ligand system. Chapter 2 introduces readers to a Pd-catalyzed diastereoselective anion-capture cascade. It also examines diastereoselective Pd-catalyzed aryl cyanation to synthesize alkyl nitriles, a method that generates high yields of borylated chromans as a single diastereomer, and highlights its synthetic utility. Lastly, Chapter 3 presents a Pd-catalyzed domino process harnessing carbopalladation, C–H activation and π-system insertion (benzynes and alkynes) to generate spirocycles. It also describes the mechanistic studies performed on these reactions.

Download or read book New Palladium Catalyzed Carbonylative Approaches to Heterocycle and Acid Chloride Synthesis written by Gerardo Martin Torres and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Metal catalyzed carbonylation reactions are heavily exploited in synthetic chemistry. These include not only high volume industrial reactions, but also a plethora of catalytic small molecule syntheses. This thesis will describe our efforts to develop such reactions. In these, palladium catalyzed carbonylations are exploited to build-up reactive products such as acid chlorides or carbonyl-containing 1,3-dipoles. Coupling this with the ability of the products undergo other spontaneous reactions can offer new routes to build up products from combinations of available reagents or be used to expand the scope of carbonylation chemistry. In chapter 2, we describe how the palladium catalyzed carbonylation of aryl iodides in the presence of imines can allow the overall generation of a 1,3-dipole: a Münchnone. A variety of mechanistic studies were performed on this reaction and show that it proceeds via a tandem catalytic process: the first involving the Pd catalyzed coupling of aryl iodides with carbon monoxide and a chloride salt to form an acid chloride, which can react with an imine and then undergo a second spontaneous cyclocarbonylation to afford the product. Coupling their formation with alkyne cycloaddition can be used to develop a novel method to assemble broad families of pyrroles from aryl iodides, imines, carbon monoxide and alkynes. In Chapter 3 we develop a strategy to apply our palladium catalyzed carbonylative synthesis of Münchnones to construct more complex pyrrole structures. In this, the combination of alkyne-tethered imines, aryl iodides, and carbon monoxide generates a Münchnone that can undergo intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to generate polycyclic pyrroles. This approach allows the modular and regioselective synthesis of complex pyrrole structures, and is compatible with less activated alkynes. In addition, we show that this reaction can be used in tandem with the palladium catalyzed Sonogashira functionalization of terminal alkynes with aryl iodides.In Chapter 4 we describe our efforts to take advantage of the ketene-like reactivity of Münchnones to generate [beta]-lactams. This transformation occurs via the palladium catalyzed formation of Münchnones from imines, aryl iodides, and carbon monoxide, followed by a cycloaddition to a second equivalent of imine to afford amide substituted [beta]-lactam products. Moreover, applying the conditions described in Chapter 2 for the synthesis of Münchnones allowed us to construct more diversely substituted [beta]-lactams by reacting the Münchnone with a different imine. Alternatively, the palladium catalyzed carbonylation of imine-tethered aryl iodides leads to the formation of novel spirocyclic [beta]-lactams.The palladium catalyzed synthesis of acid chlorides is a key component to the synthetic approaches to heterocycles presented in Chapters 2-4. However, the specific features that enable the catalyst to mediate the challenging reductive elimination of acid chlorides also inhibit the reverse oxidative addition step. In Chapter 5 we address these limitations by approaching this palladium catalyzed reaction from a different perspective. In this, visible light is used to drive both key steps in palladium catalysis: oxidative addition and reductive elimination. Analogous to other reports, we show that visible light excitation of a Pd complex can drive oxidative addition of a wide variety of aryl and alkyl halides. In addition, we find that visible light can induce a new reaction step the reductive elimination of acid chlorides. The latter occurs via the excitation in this case of the palladium-acyl intermediate. Together, this offers a platform to perform palladium catalyzed carbonylations at ambient temperature, with a wide array of organic halide substrates that have proven to be challenging in traditional palladium catalysis, and form from these acid chloride electrophiles that can allow the use of nucleophiles that are typically incompatible with carbonylations"--

Download or read book Palladium Catacyzed Carbonylative Approaches to Acyl Electrophiles Using Ligand Effects Or Visible Light written by Yi Liu and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Transition metal catalyzed carbonylation reactions have been broadly exploited for the synthesis of carbonyl-containing products. A versatile version of these are palladium-catalyzed carbonylative coupling reactions of organic halides and nucleophiles. However, one drawback to this chemistry is the low electrophilic reactivity of the palladium-acyl intermediates in reaction, which severely limits the scope of nucleophiles that can be employed in carbonylations. This thesis describes studies to address this challenge by the formation of potent acyl electrophiles via metal-catalyzed carbonylations, and their use with non-classical carbonylation nucleophiles. In chapter 2, we demonstrate how the correctly ligated palladium catalyst can be used to create potent acyl-pyridinium electrophiles via the carbonylation of aryl or vinyl triflates, and use these for in situ (hetero)arene C-H bond functionalization. The reaction was catalyzed by a Xantphos-coordinated palladium catalyst, and the bidentate and large-bite-angle ligand is believed to balance the activation of the strong C(sp2)-OTf bonds with the reductive elimination of reactive N-acyl-pyridinium electrophiles. The pyridine employed not only leads to the formation of the acyl-pyridinium salt electrophile, but its structure can be used to modulate selectivity in arene C-H functionalization. Overall, this offers a carbonylative method to form diaryl ketones, [alpha],[beta]-unsaturated ketones, and polycyclic ketones using a broad range of aryl- or vinyl- triflates and (hetero)arenes. Chapter 3 describes an extension of the work in chapter 2, where simple lithium chloride rather than the specialized trifluoromethyl- or methoxy-substituted pyridine can be used as the additive for the palladium catalyzed carbonylative coupling of aryl or vinyl triflates and heteroarenes to form ketones. Mechanistic studies suggest the reaction proceeds by the catalytic generation of acid chloride electrophiles for functionalization of electron-rich heterocycles.A limitation to the carbonylative generation of acyl electrophiles noted above is the need to use aryl- or vinyl-(pseudo)halides as reagents. The association of carbon monoxide to the catalyst severely inhibits oxidative addition reactions, and blocks the use of less reactive substrates such as alkyl halides. In chapter 4, we design a strategy to address these challenges using visible light excitation of palladium. This has opened an approach to perform the carbonylation of diverse array of aryl- and even alkyl-halides and from these build-up acid chlorides with the ability to reaction with various nucleophiles. Mechanistic studies suggest the reaction proceeds via a unique combination of photoevents, where the photoexcitation of Pd(0) induces electron transfer with the organic halide to favor oxidative addition, while the photoexcitation of the Pd(II) intermediate leads to Pd-acyl bond scission and the ultimate reductive elimination of acid chloride electrophiles. While the results in chapter 4 expand the variety of products available from carbonylation, the formation of acid chlorides as reaction products (rather than intermediates) is usually not possible. The latter can be attributed to the high reactivity of acid chlorides, which can lead to their rapid re-addition to the palladium catalyst and either inhibit the reaction or lead to their slow decomposition. In chapter 5, we developed a method to address these limits via the synthesis of less easily reduced acyl fluorides. In this case, mechanistic studies suggest visible light favored oxidative addition to Pd(0) is coupled with rapid ligand driven reductive elimination of the acyl fluoride product, which does not re-add to the Pd(0) once formed. By driving these two reverse steps with different inputs, this has offered a general platform to access acyl fluoride electrophiles, and from these synthesize complex, highly functionalized carbonyl-containing products"--

Download or read book Development of New Classes of Palladium and Nickel Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions written by Jevgenijs Tjutrins and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This thesis describes the development of new palladium and nickel catalyzed carbonylation reactions to efficiently and rapidly generate products with minimal waste. These reactions can be carried out using commercially and/or readily available starting materials, including imines, acid chlorides, aryl iodides, alkynes, alkenes and carbon monoxide. In chapter 2, we describe a palladium catalyzed carbonylative synthesis of polysubstituted imidazoles. This transformation involves a tandem catalytic process, where a single palladium catalyst mediates both the carbonylation of aryl halides to form acid chlorides, as well as cyclocarbonylation of a-chloroamides, to generate 1,3-dipoles. Finally, a regioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with electron poor imines furnishes tetra-substituted imidazoles. Overall this provides a route to prepare imidazoles from five readily available building blocks: two electronically distinct imines, aryl halides and two molecules of CO. In chapter 3, we describe a nickel catalyzed approach to synthesize of isoindolinones via the carbonylation of aryl iodides in the presence of imines. In this, the nickel catalyzed in situ generation of acid chlorides via aryl halide carbonylation allows the formation of a chloroamides, which in turn undergo an intramolecular cyclization to form isoindolinones. This reaction offers an efficient alternative to traditional syntheses of isoindolinones, which often require the initial assembly of the appropriate aryl-tethered precursors for cyclization. In chapter 4, we describe the development of a palladium catalyzed, electrophilic approach to the carbonylative C-H bond functionalization of a range of heterocycles. Mechanistic studies show that the Pd/PtBu3 catalyst can mediate the in situ formation of highly electrophilic aroyl iodide intermediates, which react with heterocycles forming aryl-(hetero)aryl ketones. This provides a general methodology to construct ketones from aryl iodides and electron rich heterocycles without the need to prefunctionalize the heterocycle, install directing groups, or exploit high energy starting materials (e.g. acid chlorides). Chapter 5 describes mechanistic studies on the palladium catalyzed multicomponent synthesis of 1,3-oxazolium-5-olates (Münchnones). Previous work in our laboratory has shown that Münchnones can be generated via the palladium catalyzed multicomponent coupling of acid chlorides, imines and CO. In order to better understand this reaction, we synthesized and characterized key reactive intermediates, studied stoichiometric model reactions, and performed kinetic studies on catalytic reaction. These allowed the elucidation of the role of the catalyst structure, rate determining steps, as well as the importance of off cycle steps in this transformation. In chapter 6, we show how the mechanistic insights laid out in the previous chapter can be applied to create a highly active catalytic system for synthesis of 1,3-oxazolium-5-olates. By employing a sterically encumbered pyrrole-based phosphine ligand, which can be more easily displaced by carbon monoxide for carbonylation, we have created a catalyst that is more than ten times more active that previous systems for this reaction. When coupled with alkyne cycloaddition, this offers a broadly generalizable route to form polysubstituted pyrroles from simple imines, acid chlorides and alkynes. This approach has been applied to the multicomponent synthesis of Atorvastatin (i.e., Lipitor). " --

Download or read book Carbonylative Ketone Synthesis Via Palladium Catalyzed Generation of N acyl Pyridinium Electrophiles written by Angela Kaiser and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The transition metal catalyzed functionalization of aromatic and aliphatic C-H bonds, commonly referred to as C-H functionalization, has become an area of significant interest as a route to convert feedstock reagents into value-added products. The incorporation of carbon monoxide into these systems is particularly attractive due to both the broad reactivity of carbonyl functionalities, and their abundance in natural products, pharmaceuticals, polymers and other classes of important products. Chapter 1 outlines the development and continued growth of the field of carbonylative C-H functionalization, and those strategies that have found widespread utility. One of the most challenging areas of metal catalyzed carbonylative C-H functionalization is ketone synthesis. To date, these have typically required the use of intramolecular reactions, or substrates possessing acidic C-H bonds. Among the small number of intermolecular C-H functionalization manifolds developed for carbonylative ketone synthesis, most require costly aryl halide substrates and stochiometric metal salt additives. To address these limitations, Chapter 2 presents our design of a palladium catalyzed, intermolecular method for the carbonylative synthesis of aryl ketones from electron rich (hetero)arenes using easily prepared aryl or vinyl triflates. Mechanistic studies suggest that these reactions proceed via the in situ generation of a new class of Friedel-Crafts electrophile, N-acyl pyridinium salts, which can undergo subsequent electrophilic aromatic substitution with (hetero)arene. The catalytic build-up of these acylating agents allows access to a wide range of aryl ketones, does so without stoichiometric metal salts, and with accessible starting materials. In addition, the in situ generated pyridinium salt offers a new avenue to tune reactivity based on the electronic properties of the pyridine employed"--

Download or read book Palladium and Electrophilic Cyclization Approaches to Carbo and Heterocyclic Compounds written by Dawei Yue and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation the scope and limitations of several electrophilic cyclization processes have been presented. In particular, electrophilic cyclization has been used for the synthesis of a variety of heterocycles, including benzo[b]furans, isochromenes, dihydroisoquinolines, isobenzofurans and coumestans. An unusual palladium migration has also been explored and applied to the synthesis of fluoren-9-ones. Chapter 1 describes the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted benzo[b]furans by the palladium-catalyzed coupling and electrophilic cyclization of terminal alkynes. A highly chemoselective electrophilic cyclization has been achieved by carefully choosing the protecting group on the oxygen functionality. Various electrophiles, such as I2, Br2, PhSeCl and p-O2NC6H4SCl, can be used to introduce different functionalities into the desired cyclization products. Chapter 2 presents the synthesis of heterocycles by electrophilic cyclization reactions of acetylenic aldehydes, ketones and imines. The overall synthetic process involves the coupling of a terminal acetylene with o-iodoarenecarboxaldehydes or ketones by a palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction, followed by electrophilic cyclization with various electrophiles in the presence of proper nucleophiles. Oxygen- and nitrogen-containing heterocycles can be quickly assembled by this three component process in good to excellent yields. Chaper 3 describes the synthesis of coumestan and coumestrol by selective electrophilic cyclization, followed by palladium-catalyzed intramolecular carbonylation and lactonization. The biologically interesting coumestan system can be quickly constructed by this very efficient approach from common starting materials. The palladium-catalyzed reaction effects as both carbonylation and lactonization in one step. Chapter 4 examines the scope and synthetic utility of a 1,4-Pd through space migration. The synthesis of various fluoren-9-ones has been accomplished by the Pd-catalyzed intramolecular C-H activation of imines derived from 2-iodoaniline and biarylcarboxaldehydes. This methodology makes use of a novel 1,4-palladium migration from an aryl position to an imidoyl position to generate the key imidoyl palladium intermediate, which undergoes intramolecular arylation to produce imines of complex polycyclic compounds containing the fluoren-9-one core structure. Both electronic effects and steric effects have been investigated.

Download or read book Palladium catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of Acid Chorides and Use in Multicomponent Coupling Reactions written by Jeffrey Quesnel and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl halides has proven to be a powerful method for the synthesis of carbonyl-containing compounds. This thesis describes a unique way of performing palladium-catalyzed carbonylations: through the generation of acid chlorides as products and as reactive intermediates.Chapter 2 describes the application of palladium-catalyzed aryl iodide carbonylation to the five-component synthesis of imidazolinium carboxylates. This reaction involves the coupling of the palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl halides with the cyclocarbonylation of [alpha]-chloroamides, and provides an efficient route to generate imidazolinium salts from aryl iodides, imines, and carbon monoxide. A variety of imidazolinium products can be synthesized, including those whose derivatives are relevant to pharmacologically active compounds. Subsequent deprotection and aromitization can then lead to triaryl-substituted imidazoles.In Chapter 3, we report a new approach to acid chloride synthesis via the palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl iodides. The combination of sterically encumbered phosphines (PtBu3) and CO coordination has been found to facilitate the rapid carbonylation of aryl iodides into acid chlorides via reductive elimination from (tBu3P)(CO)Pd(COAr)Cl. The formation of acid chlorides can also be exploited to perform traditional aminocarbonylation reactions under exceptionally mild conditions (ambient temperature and pressure), and with a range of weakly nucleophilic substrates.Chapter 4 describes the adaptation of this acid chloride synthesis to include less reactive aryl bromide coupling partners. Interestingly, the same PtBu3 ligand found to be most efficient for acid chloride synthesis from aryl iodides also proved best for aryl bromide chlorocarbonylation, suggesting the unusual ability of this ligand to efficiently mediate both oxidative addition and reductive elimination reactions. Mechanistic studies show that the palladium coordination environment is an important aspect of the key C-Cl reductive elimination step. In contrast to smaller phosphine ligands, the bulky PtBu3 leads to the in situ formation of a three coordinate (tBu3P)(CO)Pd(COAr)Cl complexes, which can readily coordinate CO to facilitate reductive elimination. Trapping of in situ generated acid chlorides with simple hydrazine allows, for the first time, the efficient synthesis of unsubstituted aroyl hydrazides via a palladium-catalyzed carbonylation reaction.In Chapter 5, we describe density functional theory (DFT) study of the mechanism for the palladium/PtBu3 catalyzed chlorocarbonylation of aryl iodides into acid chlorides. The results demonstrate a synergistic effect of CO and phosphine ligands on oxidative addition and reductive elimination chemistry of aryl/aroyl halides, consistent with what has been noted in experiments. The reductive elimination of PhCOCl from the four-coordinate PhCOPd(PtBu3)Cl(CO) complex is found to proceed via a surprisingly low energy pathway, and is facilitated by the coordination of CO to the three-coordinate PhCOPd(PtBu3)Cl. Examination of a series of PhCOPd(PR3)Cl(CO) complexes (R = Me, Et, iPr, tBu) shows that while most phosphines generate relatively stable four-coordinate complexes, the tertiary steric bulk of PtBu3 destabilizes this complex by steric clashing with the cis-CO ligand. This significantly lowers the barrier to acid choride reductive elimination, and makes this step thermodynamically favourable.Chapter 6 presents an alternative to the catalytic acid chloride chemistry discussed in Chapters 3 and 4, where instead 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) is shown to couple with aryl halides and carbon monoxide to form isolable and highly electrophilic aroyl-DMAP salts. The reaction is easily scalable to prepare multigram quantities of product with low catalyst loadings, while the precipitation of these salts as they form leads to products with low impurities. " --

Download or read book Rhodium and Palladium Catalyzed Organic Transformations in the Synthesis of Small Heterocyclic Compounds written by Jennifer Chia-Fang Tsoung and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Palladium in Organic Synthesis written by Jiro Tsuji and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-07-06 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: with contributions by numerous experts

Download or read book Modern Carbonylation Methods written by László Kollár and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-06-25 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensively covering modern carbonylation chemistry, this book is an indispensable companion for all synthetic chemists working in industry and academia. This monograph contains everything there is to know from recent advances in the investigation of carbonylation catalysts, via coordination chemistry to the synthetic application of transition metal catalyzed carbonylations.

Download or read book Amide Bond Activation written by Michal Szostak and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-07-12 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The amide bond represents a privileged motif in chemistry. The recent years have witnessed an explosion of interest in the development of new chemical transformations of amides. These developments cover an impressive range of catalytic N–C bond activation in electrophilic, Lewis acid, radical, and nucleophilic reaction pathways, among other transformations. Equally relevant are structural and theoretical studies that provide the basis for chemoselective manipulation of amidic resonance. This monograph on amide bonds offers a broad survey of recent advances in activation of amides and addresses various approaches in the field.

Download or read book C C Bond Activation written by Guangbin Dong and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-18 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series Topics in Current Chemistry presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in modern chemical research. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field. Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Readership: research chemists at universities or in industry, graduate students

Download or read book Cross Coupling Reactions written by Norio Miyaura and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-07-01 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1972, a very powerful catalytic cycle for carbon-carbon bond formation was 2 first discovered by the coupling reaction of Grignard reagents at the sp -carbon. Over the past 30 years, the protocol has been substantially improved and expanded to other coupling reactions of Li,B,N,O,Al,Si,P,S,Cu,Mn,Zn,In,Sn, and Hg compounds. These reactions provided an indispensable and simple methodology for preparative organic chemists. Due to the simplicity and rel- bility in the carbon-carbon, carbon-heteroatom, and carbon-metalloid bo- formations,as well as high efficiency of the catalytic process,the reactions have been widely employed by organic chemists in various fields. Application of the protocol ranges from various syntheses of complex natural products to the preparation of biologically relevant molecules including drugs, and of sup- molecules, and to functional materials. The reactions on solid surfaces allow robot synthesis and combinatorial synthesis. Now, many organic chemists do not hesitate to use transition metal complexes for the transformation of org- ic molecules. Indeed, innumerable organic syntheses have been realized by the catalyzed reactions of transition metal complexes that are not achievable by t- ditional synthetic methods. Among these, the metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have undoubtedly contributed greatly to the development of such a new area of “metal-catalyzed organic syntheses”. An excellent monograph for the cross-coupling reactions and other met- catalyzed C-C bond-forming reactions recently appeared in Metal-catalyzed Cross-coupling Reactions (Wiley-VCH,1998).

Download or read book Catalysis with Earth abundant Elements written by Uwe Schneider and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2020-10-30 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considering the limited resources of our planet, earth-abundant elements will have to be explored increasingly in the future. This book highlights the uses of the most earth-abundant elements in catalysis and will be of interest to graduates, academic researchers and practitioners in catalysis.

Download or read book Fluorine written by Alain Tressaud and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-10-06 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluorine: A Paradoxical Element, Volume Five, deals with the link between fluorine, humanity and the environment. It is divided into three main sections, including i) The history and developmental stages of fluorinated products, ii) Awareness of its importance in our environment, and iii) Recent contributions of fluoride products in medicine, pharmacy and our daily lives. Made engaging through interesting figures and accessible language, and written by a leading expert, Professor Tressaud, the book supports the work of scientists working in materials, toxicology and environmental science. It complements the author’s edited series, Progress in Fluorine Science, covering recent advances. Describes background and contextual information regarding the history, development of understanding, and applications of this important element Explores the impacts of fluorine, both positive and negative, in the environment and biological systems Includes applied, real-world information from agencies, such as CNRS, NASA, HWS and DOH