Download or read book An Introduction to PHP written by Mark Simon and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Incomplete Data and Data Dependencies in Relational Databases written by Sergio Greco and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2012 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chase has long been used as a central tool to analyze dependencies and their effect on queries. It has been applied to different relevant problems in database theory such as query optimization, query containment and equivalence, dependency implication, and database schema design. Recent years have seen a renewed interest in the chase as an important tool in several database applications, such as data exchange and integration, query answering in incomplete data, and many others. It is well known that the chase algorithm might be non-terminating and thus, in order for it to find practical applicability, it is crucial to identify cases where its termination is guaranteed. Another important aspect to consider when dealing with the chase is that it can introduce null values into the database, thereby leading to incomplete data. Thus, in several scenarios where the chase is used the problem of dealing with data dependencies and incomplete data arises. This book discusses fundamental issues concerning data dependencies and incomplete data with a particular focus on the chase and its applications in different database areas. We report recent results about the crucial issue of identifying conditions that guarantee the chase termination. Different database applications where the chase is a central tool are discussed with particular attention devoted to query answering in the presence of data dependencies and database schema design. Table of Contents: Introduction / Relational Databases / Incomplete Databases / The Chase Algorithm / Chase Termination / Data Dependencies and Normal Forms / Universal Repairs / Chase and Database Applications

Download or read book Computational Aspects of Cooperative Game Theory written by Georgios Chalkiadakis and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011-10-01 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cooperative game theory is a branch of (micro-)economics that studies the behavior of self-interested agents in strategic settings where binding agreements among agents are possible. Our aim in this book is to present a survey of work on the computational aspects of cooperative game theory. We begin by formally defining transferable utility games in characteristic function form, and introducing key solution concepts such as the core and the Shapley value. We then discuss two major issues that arise when considering such games from a computational perspective: identifying compact representations for games, and the closely related problem of efficiently computing solution concepts for games. We survey several formalisms for cooperative games that have been proposed in the literature, including, for example, cooperative games defined on networks, as well as general compact representation schemes such as MC-nets and skill games. As a detailed case study, we consider weighted voting games: a widely-used and practically important class of cooperative games that inherently have a natural compact representation. We investigate the complexity of solution concepts for such games, and generalizations of them. We briefly discuss games with non-transferable utility and partition function games. We then overview algorithms for identifying welfare-maximizing coalition structures and methods used by rational agents to form coalitions (even under uncertainty), including bargaining algorithms. We conclude by considering some developing topics, applications, and future research directions.

Download or read book Mastering InDesign CS3 for Print Design and Production written by Pariah S. Burke and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-08-13 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mastering InDesign for Print Design and Production shows how experienced professionals with deadlines and billable hours use InDesign efficiently and effectively. Through the case studies and interviews, readers will find inspired to look beyond the over-emphasized basic features and into the depths of InDesign's utility for real-world print design. Most InDesign books are written for beginners, and experienced users are frustrated by them. When you already know how to make, fill, and thread a text box, the entire first half of most InDesign books is useless. But this one doesn't dwell on the basics. Mastering InDesign for Print Design and Production fulfills the promise of the Mastering series, to provide real-world skills to professionals and students. Like all Mastering books, this one includes: A "by pros for pros" approach: The author is an active professional working in the field of graphic arts, layout, and design, writing for professionals who want to improve their skills or learn new skills. Real-world examples: Running throughout the text are examples of how the various skills are applied in real scenarios, described throughout the book in the form of examples and case studies from the author's own design and consulting work, as well as interviews with other designers using InDesign on the job. Skill-based teaching and hands-on exercises Although the book has a comprehensive glossary, page one begins right away speaking to the core market—print professionals—in industry terms about industry challenges. This immediately lets experienced InDesign users know the book is about them. The approach is humorous, making the digestion and retention of complicated information easier for the reader through quips, anecdotes, and design- and print-geek humor. But at all times the book is true to its mission: Helping a professional do their job in InDesign without frustration, confusion, or aesthetic compromise.

Download or read book Methods for Mining and Summarizing Text Conversations written by Giuseppe Carenini​‌ and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011-07-07 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the Internet Revolution, human conversational data -- in written forms -- are accumulating at a phenomenal rate. At the same time, improvements in speech technology enable many spoken conversations to be transcribed. Individuals and organizations engage in email exchanges, face-to-face meetings, blogging, texting and other social media activities. The advances in natural language processing provide ample opportunities for these "informal documents" to be analyzed and mined, thus creating numerous new and valuable applications. This book presents a set of computational methods to extract information from conversational data, and to provide natural language summaries of the data. The book begins with an overview of basic concepts, such as the differences between extractive and abstractive summaries, and metrics for evaluating the effectiveness of summarization and various extraction tasks. It also describes some of the benchmark corpora used in the literature. The book introduces extraction and mining methods for performing subjectivity and sentiment detection, topic segmentation and modeling, and the extraction of conversational structure. It also describes frameworks for conducting dialogue act recognition, decision and action item detection, and extraction of thread structure. There is a specific focus on performing all these tasks on conversational data, such as meeting transcripts (which exemplify synchronous conversations) and emails (which exemplify asynchronous conversations). Very recent approaches to deal with blogs, discussion forums and microblogs (e.g., Twitter) are also discussed. The second half of this book focuses on natural language summarization of conversational data. It gives an overview of several extractive and abstractive summarizers developed for emails, meetings, blogs and forums. It also describes attempts for building multi-modal summarizers. Last but not least, the book concludes with thoughts on topics for further development. Table of Contents: Introduction / Background: Corpora and Evaluation Methods / Mining Text Conversations / Summarizing Text Conversations / Conclusions / Final Thoughts

Download or read book Foundations of Data Quality Management written by Wenfei Fan and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2012-08-15 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data quality is one of the most important problems in data management. A database system typically aims to support the creation, maintenance, and use of large amount of data, focusing on the quantity of data. However, real-life data are often dirty: inconsistent, duplicated, inaccurate, incomplete, or stale. Dirty data in a database routinely generate misleading or biased analytical results and decisions, and lead to loss of revenues, credibility and customers. With this comes the need for data quality management. In contrast to traditional data management tasks, data quality management enables the detection and correction of errors in the data, syntactic or semantic, in order to improve the quality of the data and hence, add value to business processes. While data quality has been a longstanding problem for decades, the prevalent use of the Web has increased the risks, on an unprecedented scale, of creating and propagating dirty data. This monograph gives an overview of fundamental issues underlying central aspects of data quality, namely, data consistency, data deduplication, data accuracy, data currency, and information completeness. We promote a uniform logical framework for dealing with these issues, based on data quality rules. The text is organized into seven chapters, focusing on relational data. Chapter One introduces data quality issues. A conditional dependency theory is developed in Chapter Two, for capturing data inconsistencies. It is followed by practical techniques in Chapter 2b for discovering conditional dependencies, and for detecting inconsistencies and repairing data based on conditional dependencies. Matching dependencies are introduced in Chapter Three, as matching rules for data deduplication. A theory of relative information completeness is studied in Chapter Four, revising the classical Closed World Assumption and the Open World Assumption, to characterize incomplete information in the real world. A data currency model is presented in Chapter Five, to identify the current values of entities in a database and to answer queries with the current values, in the absence of reliable timestamps. Finally, interactions between these data quality issues are explored in Chapter Six. Important theoretical results and practical algorithms are covered, but formal proofs are omitted. The bibliographical notes contain pointers to papers in which the results were presented and proven, as well as references to materials for further reading. This text is intended for a seminar course at the graduate level. It is also to serve as a useful resource for researchers and practitioners who are interested in the study of data quality. The fundamental research on data quality draws on several areas, including mathematical logic, computational complexity and database theory. It has raised as many questions as it has answered, and is a rich source of questions and vitality. Table of Contents: Data Quality: An Overview / Conditional Dependencies / Cleaning Data with Conditional Dependencies / Data Deduplication / Information Completeness / Data Currency / Interactions between Data Quality Issues

Download or read book Design and Analysis of Randomized Algorithms written by J. Hromkovic and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-06-14 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systematically teaches key paradigmic algorithm design methods Provides a deep insight into randomization

Download or read book A Court of Wings and Ruin written by Sarah J. Maas and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2018-05 with total page 739 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sarah J. Maas hit the New York Times SERIES list at #1 with A Court of Wings and Ruin!

Download or read book Semantics Empowered Web 3 0 written by Amit Sheth and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a unified approach to harness and exploit all forms of contemporary Web resources using the core principles of ability to associate meaning with data through conceptual or domain models and semantic descriptions, including annotations, and through advanced semantic techniques for search, integration, and analysis.

Download or read book Conceptual Models written by Jeff Johnson and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People make use of software applications in their activities, applying them as tools in carrying out tasks. That this use should be good for people--easy, effective, efficient, and enjoyable--is a principal goal of design. In this book, we present the notion of Conceptual Models, and argue that Conceptual Models are core to achieving good design. From years of helping companies create software applications, we have come to believe that building applications without Conceptual Models is just asking for designs that will be confusing and difficult to learn, remember, and use. We show how Conceptual Models are the central link between the elements involved in application use: people's tasks (task domains), the use of tools to perform the tasks, the conceptual structure of those tools, the presentation of the conceptual model (i.e., the user interface), the language used to describe it, its implementation, and the learning that people must do to use the application. We further show that putting a Conceptual Model at the center of the design and development process can pay rich dividends: designs that are simpler and mesh better with users' tasks, avoidance of unnecessary features, easier documentation, faster development, improved customer uptake, and decreased need for training and customer support. Table of Contents: Using Tools / Start with the Conceptual Model / Definition / Structure / Example / Essential Modeling / Optional Modeling / Process / Value / Epilogue

Download or read book Betrayal in Dallas written by Mark North and published by Skyhorse Publishing Inc.. This book was released on 2011-07 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: North demystifies the most infamous crime of the twentieth century, arguing that President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas by Mafia contract killers hired by Louisiana mob boss Carlos Marcello. Critical characters emerge in the plot to murder JFK: Henry Wade, the long-time district attorney turned corrupt; Lyndon B. Johnson himself, who, while a senator in the 1950s, accepted bribes from the mob; corrupt FBI director J. Edgar Hoover; and more. In late 1961, U.S. Attorney General Robert Kennedy and his brother John, initiated a covert Organized Crime Task Force investigation of the Civello mob in Dallas with the understanding that destroying the Dallas Mafia would also destroy LBJ. Johnson, through Wade and other local federal officials he had placed in power, learned of the plan and cooperated with the Civello mob to have JFK killed. North's conclusions are based on classified federal documents.

Download or read book International Commerce written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 1278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Quorum Systems written by Marko Vukolic and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A quorum system is a collection of subsets of nodes, called quorums, with the property that each pair of quorums have a non-empty intersection. Quorum systems are the key mathematical abstraction for ensuring consistency in fault-tolerant and highly available distributed computing. Critical for many applications since the early days of distributed computing, quorum systems have evolved from simple majorities of a set of processes to complex hierarchical collections of sets, tailored for general adversarial structures. The initial non-empty intersection property has been refined many times to account for, e.g., stronger (Byzantine) adversarial model, latency considerations or better availability. This monograph is an overview of the evolution and refinement of quorum systems, with emphasis on their role in two fundamental applications: distributed read/write storage and consensus. Table of Contents: Introduction / Preliminaries / Classical Quorum Systems / Classical Quorum-Based Emulations / Byzantine Quorum Systems / Latency-efficient Quorum Systems / Probabilistic Quorum Systems

Download or read book Discourse Processing written by Manfred Stede and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011-11-11 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discourse Processing here is framed as marking up a text with structural descriptions on several levels, which can serve to support many language-processing or text-mining tasks. We first explore some ways of assigning structure on the document level: the logical document structure as determined by the layout of the text, its genre-specific content structure, and its breakdown into topical segments. Then the focus moves to phenomena of local coherence. We introduce the problem of coreference and look at methods for building chains of coreferring entities in the text. Next, the notion of coherence relation is introduced as the second important factor of local coherence. We study the role of connectives and other means of signaling such relations in text, and then return to the level of larger textual units, where tree or graph structures can be ascribed by recursively assigning coherence relations. Taken together, these descriptions can inform text summarization, information extraction, discourse-aware sentiment analysis, question answering, and the like. Table of Contents: Introduction / Large Discourse Units and Topics / Coreference Resolution / Small Discourse Units and Coherence Relations / Summary: Text Structure on Multiple Interacting Levels

Download or read book Declarative Networking written by Boon Thau Loo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Declarative Networking is a programming methodology that enables developers to concisely specify network protocols and services, which are directly compiled to a dataflow framework that executes the specifications. Declarative networking proposes the use of a declarative query language for specifying and implementing network protocols, and employs a dataflow framework at runtime for communication and maintenance of network state. The primary goal of declarative networking is to greatly simplify the process of specifying, implementing, deploying and evolving a network design. In addition, declarative networking serves as an important step towards an extensible, evolvable network architecture that can support flexible, secure and efficient deployment of new network protocols. This book provides an introduction to basic issues in declarative networking, including language design, optimization and dataflow execution. The methodology behind declarative programming of networks is presented, including roots in Datalog, extensions for networked environments, and the semantics of long-running queries over network state. The book focuses on a representative declarative networking language called Network Datalog (NDlog), which is based on extensions to the Datalog recursive query language. An overview of declarative network protocols written in NDlog is provided, and its usage is illustrated using examples from routing protocols and overlay networks. This book also describes the implementation of a declarative networking engine and NDlog execution strategies that provide eventual consistency semantics with significant flexibility in execution. Two representative declarative networking systems (P2 and its successor RapidNet) are presented. Finally, the book highlights recent advances in declarative networking, and new declarative approaches to related problems. Table of Contents: Introduction / Declarative Networking Language / Declarative Networking Overview / Distributed Recursive Query Processing / Declarative Routing / Declarative Overlays / Optimization of NDlog / Recent Advances in Declarative Networking / Conclusion

Download or read book Final Supplement to the Environmental Impact Statement for an Amendment to the Pacific Northwest Regional Guide written by United States. Forest Service. Pacific Northwest Region and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book NS Simulator for Beginners written by Eitan Altman and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NS-2 is an open-source discrete event network simulator which is widely used by both the research community as well as by the people involved in the standardization protocols of IETF. The goal of this book is twofold: on one hand to learn how to use the NS-2 simulator, and on the other hand, to become acquainted with and to understand the operation of some of the simulated objects using NS-2 simulations. The book is intended to help students, engineers or researchers who need not have much background in programming or who want to learn through simple examples how to analyse some simulated objects using NS-2. Simulations may differ from each other in many aspects: the applications, topologies, parameters of network objects (links, nodes) and protocols used, etc. The first chapter is a general introduction to the book, where the importance of NS-2 as a tool for a good comprehension of networks and protocols is stated. In the next chapters we present special topics as TCP, RED, etc., using NS-2 as a tool for better understanding the protocols. We provide in the appendices a review of Random Variables and Confidence Intervals, as well as a first sketch for using the new NS-3 simulator. Table of Contents: Introduction / NS-2 Simulator Preliminaries / How to work with trace files / Description and simulation of TCP/IP / Routing and network dynamics / RED: Random Early Discard / Differentiated Services / Mobile Networks and Wireless Local Area Networks / Classical queueing models / Tcl and C++ linkage