Download or read book Ozone Variability Assessment for UV Sensors written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultraviolet transmission over a 1-kilometre horizontal path in the centre of the solar-blind region (240-280 nanometres) varies by a factor of 6 over the range of surface ozone values which occurs naturally. As a result, the surface ozone concentration is the most significant unknown in modelling ultraviolet concentration, with consequences for modelling and simulation studies related to ultraviolet sensors such as those used in missile warning systems. This report summarizes available information on the sources and sinks of ozone in the troposphere, its geographic distribution, its seasonal or diurnal variation, and the range of variability. Correlations with meteorological variables and approaches to estimating and forecasting surface ozone are also discussed. Appendices include tables and graphs of seasonal ozone concentrations at various Canadian locations.
Download or read book An Evaluation of in Situ Ozone Sensor Performance During a Cold Frontal Passage written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-13 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The capabilities of the electrochemical concentration cell ozonesonde for measuring the vertical profile of atmospheric ozone were studied during a three day experiment at Wallops Island, Virginia, and Norfolk, Virginia. Using ancillary measurements at the surface and the spectrophotometer, it was concluded that the ozonesonde measures the total ozone overburden to within 10% of the real value. By releasing the balloon-borne instruments at a rate of four per day at each of the two sites, an indication was obtained of the temporal and spatial scales of atmospheric ozone variability. No significant effects of a weak cold front passage or of the loss of insolation at night were seen. An isolated incident of anomalously high ozone concentration at the peak of the profile was attributed to sporadic instrument performance effects. The data base currently available is not adequate for determining an exact cause of the anomaly. Parsons, C. L. Wallops Flight Facility NASA-TP-1239 ...
Download or read book Atmospheric Ozone Variability written by Kirill I︠A︡kovlevich Kondratʹev and published by Springer. This book was released on 2000-04 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well known that the ozone layer protects the Earth and its life from the harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation of the sun. It has also been discovered that this layer was being depleted to the extent that holes were appearing in it by several substances (such as CFCs) which have since been banned. Despite this action recent studies have shown that the ozone layer is still being depleted at a rapid rate and that holes are now beginning to appear over areas which are quite densely populated. Atmospheric Ozone Variability examines the potential problems that depletion of ozone causes in relation to climate change, human health and the ecosystem. It also examines the ways in which ozone is formed and depleted as being fundamental to the debate.
Download or read book Evaluation of Ozone Calibration Procedures written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ozone Correlative Measurements Workshop written by Ernest Hilsenrath and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Physical and Chemical Parameters Effects on Different Ozone Monitoring Technologies written by Mahsa Ghasemi and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since most people spend about 90 percent of their time indoors, having good indoor air quality plays a significant role in human health. Based on EPA studies, indoor air pollution is among the top five environmental health risks. Ozone is considered as one of the typical indoor air contaminants. Air cleaners are one of the indoor sources of ozone production applied for the deodorization and disinfection of air and other indoor sources that release ozone, including printers and photocopiers. Therefore, reliable detection of ozone, especially in low concentrations using sensitive and accurate ozone monitoring technologies, is very noticeable and its market demand is on the rise. However, these detecting technologies suffer from positive or negative interferences from other chemical compounds which exist in the desired environment. Also, humidity and temperature changes can affect indoor ozone levels and ozone monitoring technologies performance. In this research, different environmental physical parameters effects like air velocity, airflow direction, and humidity on the performance of ozone monitoring technologies were evaluated in a full duct and small-scale environmental chamber. Also, we examined the responses of these monitoring instruments in the presence of some interfering compounds, including Acetone, Toluene, and Ethanol, using a small-scale chamber at 50% RH and dry condition (0.01%). The results demonstrated that different airflow rates and airflow directions had a negligible effect on the UV sensors response. While electrochemical and metal oxide sensors outputs were remarkably overestimated with increasing airflow rate. This increase was more evident for electrochemical and metal oxide sensors when placed perpendicular and parallel to the airflow, respectively. Furthermore, the responses of 211-2B, Teledyne, POM and BW experienced a positive interference with rapid humidity variations from 30% to about 80% and a negative bias from 80% to 30% RH. In contrast, BW Solo behaved oppositely. It was difficult to follow the metal oxide changing trend with humidity variations because of the instrument time interval (minimum 10 min). In the absence of ozone, Ethanol caused a slight negative interference to the 211-2B sensor in humid (50%) and dry air (0.01%) and a significant negative bias to Teledyne at 50% RH. 211-2B sensor did not respond to acetone at 50% RH, but it experienced a positive bias in dry air. A considerable positive interference was observed in Teledyne reading at 50% RH. Toluene led to a slight positive interference in 211-2B response in humid and dry conditions. BW Solo and ECO Sensor in the presence of these VOC compounds were consistently showing zero concentration.
Download or read book Twenty Questions and Answers about the Ozone Layer written by Michaela I. Hegglin and published by . This book was released on 2017-03 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solar Ultraviolet Radiation written by Christos S. Zerefos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the rapid developments in the UV-B measurement techniques and the rapidly growing research in the field in the late 80's and early 90's, we organized a large gathering of distinguished experts in a NATO Advanced Study Institute, held in Halkidiki, Greece on October, 2-11. 1995. The Institute was organized so as to include state of the art lectures on most aspects of solar ultraviolet radiation and its effects. This was achieved by extended lectures and discussions given in five sessions by 27 lecturers and a demonstration of filed measurements and calibration techniques at the end of the Institute. The ASI began with the sun and fundamentals on solar radiative emissions and their variability in time and continued with the interaction of solar Ultraviolet with the atmosphere through the complex scattering processes and photochemical reactions involved. Particular emphasis was given to changes in atmospheric composition imposed by different manifestations of the solar activity cycle. as well as on the modelling of radiative transfer through the atmosphere and the ocean under variable environmental conditions. Overviews on the ozone issue. its monitoring and variability were extensively discussed with emphasis on the observed acceleration of ozone decline in the early 90's. This acceleration had as a consequence, significant increases in UV-B radiation observed at a few world-wide distributed stations.
Download or read book In Situ Ozone Data for Evaluation of the Laser Absorption Spectrometer Ozone Remote Sensor 1979 Southeastern Virginia Urban Plume Study Summer Field Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Remote Sensing and Atmospheric Ozone written by Arthur Philip Cracknell and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 662 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The destruction of the ozone layer, together with global warming, is one of the hot environmental topics of today. This book examines the effect of human activities on atmospheric ozone, namely the increase of tropospheric ozone and the general diminution of stratospheric ozone and the production of the Antarctic ozone hole. Also discussed is the role of remote sensing techniques in the understanding of the effects of human activities on atmospheric ozone as well as in the development of social and political awareness of the damage to the ozone layer by man-made chemicals, principally CFCs. This led to the formulation and ratification in 1989 of the Montreal Protocol on controlling/banning the manufacture and use of chemicals that damage the ozone layer. Since then, remote sensing has played a key role in monitoring atmospheric ozone concentration and determining the success of the Montreal Protocol in protecting the ozone layer from further damage. In this book, the renowned authors discuss the sophisticated instruments that have been launched into space to study not only ozone but also other trace gases in the atmosphere, some of which play a key role in the generation and destruction of ozone in the atmosphere. Professors Cracknell and Varotsos also examine the satellite-flown instruments which are involved in monitoring the absorption of solar ultraviolet light in the atmosphere in relation both to the generation and destruction of ozone and consequently to human health. This scholarly book, written by the foremost experts in the field, looks at remote sensing and its employment in the various aspects of ozone science. It is widely acknowledged that global warming, due to anthropogenic greenhouse gases emissions, represents a threat to the sustainability of human life on Earth. However, many other threats are potentially just as serious, including atmospheric pollution, ozone depletion, water pollution, the degradation of agricultural land, deforestation, the depletion of the world's mineral resources and population growth.
Download or read book Multisensor Data Fusion and Machine Learning for Environmental Remote Sensing written by Ni-Bin Chang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-02-21 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last few years the scientific community has realized that obtaining a better understanding of interactions between natural systems and the man-made environment across different scales demands more research efforts in remote sensing. An integrated Earth system observatory that merges surface-based, air-borne, space-borne, and even underground sensors with comprehensive and predictive capabilities indicates promise for revolutionizing the study of global water, energy, and carbon cycles as well as land use and land cover changes. The aim of this book is to present a suite of relevant concepts, tools, and methods of integrated multisensor data fusion and machine learning technologies to promote environmental sustainability. The process of machine learning for intelligent feature extraction consists of regular, deep, and fast learning algorithms. The niche for integrating data fusion and machine learning for remote sensing rests upon the creation of a new scientific architecture in remote sensing science that is designed to support numerical as well as symbolic feature extraction managed by several cognitively oriented machine learning tasks at finer scales. By grouping a suite of satellites with similar nature in platform design, data merging may come to help for cloudy pixel reconstruction over the space domain or concatenation of time series images over the time domain, or even both simultaneously. Organized in 5 parts, from Fundamental Principles of Remote Sensing; Feature Extraction for Remote Sensing; Image and Data Fusion for Remote Sensing; Integrated Data Merging, Data Reconstruction, Data Fusion, and Machine Learning; to Remote Sensing for Environmental Decision Analysis, the book will be a useful reference for graduate students, academic scholars, and working professionals who are involved in the study of Earth systems and the environment for a sustainable future. The new knowledge in this book can be applied successfully in many areas of environmental science and engineering.
Download or read book An intercomparison of ground based UV visible sensors of ozone and written by G. VAUGHAN and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book UV Radiation in Global Climate Change written by Wei Gao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-08 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous studies report that ultraviolet (UV) radiation is harmful to living organisms and detrimental to human health. Growing concerns regarding the increased levels of UV-B radiation that reach the earth's surface have led to the development of ground- and space-based measurement programs. Further study is needed on the measurement, modeling, and effects of UV radiation. The chapters of this book describe the research conducted across the globe over the past three decades in the areas of: (1) current and predicted levels of UV radiation and its associated impact on ecosystems and human health, as well as economic and social implications; (2) new developments in UV instrumentation, advances in calibration (ground- and satellite-based), measurement methods, modeling efforts, and their applications; and (3) the effects of global climate change on UV radiation. Dr. Wei Gao is a Senior Research Scientist and the Director of the USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University. Dr. Gao is a SPIE fellow and serves as the Editor-in-Chief for the Journal of Applied Remote Sensing. Dr. Daniel L. Schmoldt is the National Program Leader for instrumentation and sensors at the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Dr. Schmoldt served as joint Editor-in-Chief of the journal, Computers & Electronics in Agriculture, from 1997 to 2004. Dr. James R. Slusser retired in 2007 from the USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program at Colorado State University. He was active in the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, the American Geophysical Union, and the American Meteorological Society. Dr. Slusser is currently pursuing his interests in solar energy and atmospheric transmission.
Download or read book Evaluation of Ozone and Ultraviolet Light written by R. Hulsey and published by International Water Assn. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project were to: *evaluate the benefits of ultraviolet light (UV) and ozone and determine how to integrate the two disinfection systems efficiently; *compare medium pressure UV light (MP-UV) with the combination of ozone and MP-UV to determine their effectiveness in meeting CT requirements for inactivation of Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and viruses, especially in cold water; and *compare the effects of MP-UV and the combination of ozone and MP-UV on the formation of disinfection by-products, DBP precursors, and the biostability/bacterial regrowth potential. Protozoan parasites are a major public health concern as evidenced by waterborne outbreaks of Cryptosporidium in the early 1990s. USEPA regulators have proposed new regulations which require site-specific means corresponding to the source water for the removal or inactivation of Cryptosporidium. For water systems with vulnerable sources, UV disinfection offers a cost effective approach. Utilities that have already installed ozone systems and those considering a multiple barrier approach to disinfection are interested in the effectiveness of UV alone and UV combined with ozone.
Download or read book Arctic Climate Impact Assessment Scientific Report written by Arctic Climate Impact Assessment and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-11-07 with total page 1053 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arctic is now experiencing some of the most rapid and severe climate change on earth. Over the next 100 years, climate change is expected to accelerate, contributing to major physical, ecological, social, and economic changes, many of which have already begun. Changes in arctic climate will also affect the rest of the world through increased global warming and rising sea levels. Arctic Climate Impact Assessment was prepared by an international team of over 300 scientists, experts, and knowledgeable members of indigenous communities. The report has been thoroughly researched, is fully referenced, and provides the first comprehensive evaluation of arctic climate change, changes in ultraviolet radiation and their impacts for the region and for the world. It is illustrated in full color throughout. The results provided the scientific foundations for the ACIA synthesis report - Impacts of a Warming Arctic - published by Cambridge University Press in 2004.
Download or read book An Evaluation of in Situ Ozone Sensor Performance During a Cold Frontal Passage written by C. L. Parsons and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
